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Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

2129 images

TryOil and GasML00102corrosionSubseaML00035brittle fractureAusteniteductile behaviorTempered MartensitefatigueUNShydrogenASTMfractureembrittlementstress corrosion
Condition: Damage clear all
M

Material

79 classified

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P

Product

96 classified

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Ap

Application

37 classified

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C

Condition

84 classified

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Cm

Capture method

52 classified

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Df

Detail focus

208 classified

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Microstructure65
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The Materials
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2129 images
The location of the threaded fitting started leaking after less than five years in service. Although the corrosion rate was not high, the localized material loss in the threaded surface of the carbon steel flange allowed the connection leakage.
769
VIEW
ML00184 / Apr.2023
Dissimilar Steels in a Threaded Connection
M - Low Carbon SteelP - ForgingAp - OffshoreCd - Localized Dissolution
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Front wheel 17 x 7J of a passenger vehicle (identified as WHEEL 1) that broke during a car accident on a road.
1644
VIEW
ML00183 / Dec.2022
Ductile Behavior of an Aluminum Wheel
M - Aluminum Silicon MagnesiumP - CastingAp - AutomotiveCd - Ductile Behavior
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Tool fixture 5" long, nominal diameter 2", presenting a recess 1/2" deep from two sides. The rupture occurred about 2" from the end of the rod. Scale in milimeters.
523
VIEW
ML00182 / Jul.2022
Brittle Fracture of a LAS Fixing Rod
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - StemAp - Mechanical IndustryCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Pinion of hypoid gearbox, assembled in a 1560-mm long shaft that operated during more than 60,000 hours, and removed from service due to unacceptable wear damage.
1028
VIEW
ML00181 / Apr.2022
Wear of a Carburized Hypoid Gear
M - Low Alloy for Thermochemical TreatmentP - Pinion-crown assemblyAp - ShipCd - Wear
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Aspect of the 3 1/2" diameter tube after the water leakage in high temperature.
962
VIEW
ML00180 / Mar.2022
Local Melting of Copper Cooling Tubes
M - Pure CopperP - Cooling TubeAp - SiderurgyCd - Overheating
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
2" drain line from the main 10" line. The leakage occurred at the margin of the weld, a short time after the introduction of the reinforced ribs to reduce vibration.
641
VIEW
ML00179 / Feb.2022
Hydrides in Titanium Weld
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - In Field WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Field photoDf - General View
The drilling connector, 21" diameter, presented a crack at the margin of the weld in the forging side (left side of the weld in the figure).
744
VIEW
ML00178 / Jan.2022
Cold cracks in Cr-Mo Welded Forging
M - CrMo SteelP - ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Macrography of the longitudinally seam weld of the 24" diameter tube, showing that it was welded from both sides and there is a segregation line in the center of the tube thickness.
737
VIEW
ML00177 / Dec.2021
Cr-Mo Seam Welded Tube
M - CrMo SteelP - Longitudinally Seam WeldedAp - Fired HeaterCd - Not according to spec
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Seam

More from these cases

ML00184 — Dissimilar Steels in a Threaded ConnectionM - Low Carbon SteelP - ForgingAp - OffshoreCd - Localized Dissolution
The painting of the valve body was detaching at the vent location where the fitting was installed, not fully tighted. Three threaded fillets were outside of the body.
190
VIEW
ML00184 / Apr.2023
Dissimilar Steels in a Threaded Connection
M - Low Carbon SteelP - ForgingAp - OffshoreCd - Localized Dissolution
Cm - Aspect After CleaningDf - Painting Detachment
The austenitic stainless steel fitting was removed from the valve body and presented the sdhesion of oily deposits.
150
VIEW
ML00184 / Apr.2023
Dissimilar Steels in a Threaded Connection
M - Low Carbon SteelP - ForgingAp - OffshoreCd - Localized Dissolution
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Surface Deposits
The cleaned fitting is sound. No corrosion, only surface stains.
121
VIEW
ML00184 / Apr.2023
Dissimilar Steels in a Threaded Connection
M - Low Carbon SteelP - ForgingAp - OffshoreCd - Localized Dissolution
Cm - Aspect After CleaningDf - General View
The threads of the carbon steel valve body is corroded. The offshore ambient is wet and chloride rich, creating an aggressive environment for the carbon steel threads.
99
VIEW
ML00184 / Apr.2023
Dissimilar Steels in a Threaded Connection
M - Low Carbon SteelP - ForgingAp - OffshoreCd - Localized Dissolution
Cm - Surface AspectDf - Corrosion
Not only the threads were corroded but all regions under the painting that was detached from the surface.
86
VIEW
ML00184 / Apr.2023
Dissimilar Steels in a Threaded Connection
M - Low Carbon SteelP - ForgingAp - OffshoreCd - Localized Dissolution
Cm - Surface AspectDf - Corrosion

+8 more from this case →

ML00183 — Ductile Behavior of an Aluminum WheelM - Aluminum Silicon MagnesiumP - CastingAp - AutomotiveCd - Ductile Behavior
Front wheel 17 x 7J of a passenger vehicle (identified as WHEEL 2) that cracked exactly in the same location that the other front wheel broke.
91
VIEW
ML00183 / Dec.2022
Ductile Behavior of an Aluminum Wheel
M - Aluminum Silicon MagnesiumP - CastingAp - AutomotiveCd - Ductile Behavior
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Aspect of the two wheels before disassembling the tires.
75
VIEW
ML00183 / Dec.2022
Ductile Behavior of an Aluminum Wheel
M - Aluminum Silicon MagnesiumP - CastingAp - AutomotiveCd - Ductile Behavior
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Detail of the fracture in the WHEEL 1, changing direction of propagation.
71
VIEW
ML00183 / Dec.2022
Ductile Behavior of an Aluminum Wheel
M - Aluminum Silicon MagnesiumP - CastingAp - AutomotiveCd - Ductile Behavior
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Fracture
Detail of the crack in the WHEEL 2, changing direction of propagation exactly like the other whel.
66
VIEW
ML00183 / Dec.2022
Ductile Behavior of an Aluminum Wheel
M - Aluminum Silicon MagnesiumP - CastingAp - AutomotiveCd - Ductile Behavior
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Cracking
Low magnification view of the WHEEL 1 fracture surface. The thickness of the wheel in this position (flat and paralell to the wheel face) is about 2.5 mm. The aspect of the fracture is similar all through the fracture perimeter, including the region where the fracture propagation changes the direction.
66
VIEW
ML00183 / Dec.2022
Ductile Behavior of an Aluminum Wheel
M - Aluminum Silicon MagnesiumP - CastingAp - AutomotiveCd - Ductile Behavior
Cm - Fractography by SEMDf - General View

+24 more from this case →

ML00182 — Brittle Fracture of a LAS Fixing RodM - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - StemAp - Mechanical IndustryCd - Brittle Fracture
Detail of the flat fracture from the notch at the bottom of the recess. No plastic deformation.
113
VIEW
ML00182 / Jul.2022
Brittle Fracture of a LAS Fixing Rod
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - StemAp - Mechanical IndustryCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Brittle Fracture
Low magnification micrography presenting segregation bands in a martensitic structure. In the segregated regions the Nital etch effect is lower and the bands appear lighter. The black spots and lines are inclusions (some elongated) in the band.
91
VIEW
ML00182 / Jul.2022
Brittle Fracture of a LAS Fixing Rod
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - StemAp - Mechanical IndustryCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Longitudinal Section
Micrography presenting segregation bands (less etched) in a tempered martensitic microstructure.
81
VIEW
ML00182 / Jul.2022
Brittle Fracture of a LAS Fixing Rod
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - StemAp - Mechanical IndustryCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Segregated Regions
Micrography presenting a tempered martensitic microstructure, with light etch in segregated bands.
74
VIEW
ML00182 / Jul.2022
Brittle Fracture of a LAS Fixing Rod
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - StemAp - Mechanical IndustryCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Tempered Martensite
Low magnification micrography, revealing (in black) the impurities in the segregated bands.
63
VIEW
ML00182 / Jul.2022
Brittle Fracture of a LAS Fixing Rod
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - StemAp - Mechanical IndustryCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Micro by OM, picric acid+FeCl3+H2O etchDf - Longitudinal Section

+12 more from this case →

ML00181 — Wear of a Carburized Hypoid GearM - Low Alloy for Thermochemical TreatmentP - Pinion-crown assemblyAp - ShipCd - Wear
Detail of the 13 teeth hypoid gear, presenting a large longitudinal crack in the middle of one teeth.
105
VIEW
ML00181 / Apr.2022
Wear of a Carburized Hypoid Gear
M - Low Alloy for Thermochemical TreatmentP - Pinion-crown assemblyAp - ShipCd - Wear
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Macrography of a transverse section of a sound tooth, presenting a carburized layer of about 3 mm depth.
87
VIEW
ML00181 / Apr.2022
Wear of a Carburized Hypoid Gear
M - Low Alloy for Thermochemical TreatmentP - Pinion-crown assemblyAp - ShipCd - Wear
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Carburized Layer
Micrography of the tooth gear, in a transverse section, close to surface. The material presents light ghost marks that reveal chemical segregations.
80
VIEW
ML00181 / Apr.2022
Wear of a Carburized Hypoid Gear
M - Low Alloy for Thermochemical TreatmentP - Pinion-crown assemblyAp - ShipCd - Wear
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - At the Surface
Micrographic detail of the case hardened martensitic structure, close to the surface, with a microhardness level of about 600 Vickers (load 0.3kg).
70
VIEW
ML00181 / Apr.2022
Wear of a Carburized Hypoid Gear
M - Low Alloy for Thermochemical TreatmentP - Pinion-crown assemblyAp - ShipCd - Wear
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
Micrography of the tooth gear, in a transverse section of center region. Again, some segregation patterns are visible.
58
VIEW
ML00181 / Apr.2022
Wear of a Carburized Hypoid Gear
M - Low Alloy for Thermochemical TreatmentP - Pinion-crown assemblyAp - ShipCd - Wear
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - In the Center of the Thickness

+15 more from this case →

ML00180 — Local Melting of Copper Cooling TubesM - Pure CopperP - Cooling TubeAp - SiderurgyCd - Overheating
View of the iinternal side of the tube (water side), deformed in the overheated area. There are several leaking points.
115
VIEW
ML00180 / Mar.2022
Local Melting of Copper Cooling Tubes
M - Pure CopperP - Cooling TubeAp - SiderurgyCd - Overheating
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Internal Surface
Macroscopic aspect after cutting longitudinally in two halfs, at the damaged area. The tube internal surface showed a red copper colour at the overheated region and the perforation is associated to longitudinal cracks.
104
VIEW
ML00180 / Mar.2022
Local Melting of Copper Cooling Tubes
M - Pure CopperP - Cooling TubeAp - SiderurgyCd - Overheating
Cm - Longitudinal Section AspectDf - Internal Surface
Detail of the perforation point, internal view. Aligned perforations in the overheated region and interconnected longitudinal cracks.
94
VIEW
ML00180 / Mar.2022
Local Melting of Copper Cooling Tubes
M - Pure CopperP - Cooling TubeAp - SiderurgyCd - Overheating
Cm - Longitudinal Section AspectDf - Leakage
Micrographic aspect of the tube out of the damaged region, in a longitudinal section, showing the grain refined copper structure.
96
VIEW
ML00180 / Mar.2022
Local Melting of Copper Cooling Tubes
M - Pure CopperP - Cooling TubeAp - SiderurgyCd - Overheating
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+H2O Etched MicroDf - In the Center of the Thickness
Micrographic detail of the granular copper structure, a little far from the overheated region.
102
VIEW
ML00180 / Mar.2022
Local Melting of Copper Cooling Tubes
M - Pure CopperP - Cooling TubeAp - SiderurgyCd - Overheating
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+H2O Etched MicroDf - Granular structure

+14 more from this case →

ML00179 — Hydrides in Titanium WeldM - Unalloyed TitaniumP - In Field WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Hydride Formation
Detail of the through wall cracking that caused the leakage in the 2" pipe. The crack was originated in the fillet weld, from the end of the reinforced rib.
72
VIEW
ML00179 / Feb.2022
Hydrides in Titanium Weld
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - In Field WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Fatigue Crack
Low magnification micrography transverse to the fillet weld in the pipe. The pipe base metal is to the bottom of the figure and the weld metal is to the top. The heat affected zone in the middle, shows a coarse grain size structure.
59
VIEW
ML00179 / Feb.2022
Hydrides in Titanium Weld
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - In Field WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Kroll Etched Micrography by OMDf - Welded Joint
Low magnification micrography showing the weld metal, full of pores, indicating that the field welding was not properly shileded.
50
VIEW
ML00179 / Feb.2022
Hydrides in Titanium Weld
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - In Field WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Kroll Etched Micrography by OMDf - Weld Metal
Granular alpha structure of the pipe base metal.
49
VIEW
ML00179 / Feb.2022
Hydrides in Titanium Weld
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - In Field WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Kroll Etched Micrography by OMDf - Alpha
Coarse grains in the heat affected zone.
46
VIEW
ML00179 / Feb.2022
Hydrides in Titanium Weld
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - In Field WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Kroll Etched Micrography by OMDf - Heat Affected Zone

+22 more from this case →

ML00178 — Cold cracks in Cr-Mo Welded ForgingM - CrMo SteelP - ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Circumferential weld aspect. Two passes in the cap. This forging to pipe welded joint, 22 mm thick, was welded by an automatic process in a narrow gap. The pipe is to the top of the image and the forging is to the bottom of the image.
165
VIEW
ML00178 / Jan.2022
Cold cracks in Cr-Mo Welded Forging
M - CrMo SteelP - ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - External Surface
The dye check image shows the detected crack, 50 mm long, at the margin of the weld in the forging side.
137
VIEW
ML00178 / Jan.2022
Cold cracks in Cr-Mo Welded Forging
M - CrMo SteelP - ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Aspect by NDTDf - Cracking
Macrography of the welded joint between the forging and the pipe, showing it was welded in a narrow gap, indicating by the arrow the location of the crack at the margin of the weld, in the forging side.
129
VIEW
ML00178 / Jan.2022
Cold cracks in Cr-Mo Welded Forging
M - CrMo SteelP - ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Welded Joint
Quenched and tempered structure of the F22 steel forging, presenting about 230HV10 average hardness.
133
VIEW
ML00178 / Jan.2022
Cold cracks in Cr-Mo Welded Forging
M - CrMo SteelP - ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal
Tempered martensitic structure for the F22 forging base metal.
129
VIEW
ML00178 / Jan.2022
Cold cracks in Cr-Mo Welded Forging
M - CrMo SteelP - ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Tempered Martensite

+14 more from this case →

ML00177 — Cr-Mo Seam Welded TubeM - CrMo SteelP - Longitudinally Seam WeldedAp - Fired HeaterCd - Not according to spec
Identification of the regions of metallographies of the base metal, heat affected zone (HAZ) and weld metal. Locations in the root, in the center of the thickness and close to the tube OD (external surface).
118
VIEW
ML00177 / Dec.2021
Cr-Mo Seam Welded Tube
M - CrMo SteelP - Longitudinally Seam WeldedAp - Fired HeaterCd - Not according to spec
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Welded Joint
BASE METAL SURFACE - Ferritic structure, grain refined.
90
VIEW
ML00177 / Dec.2021
Cr-Mo Seam Welded Tube
M - CrMo SteelP - Longitudinally Seam WeldedAp - Fired HeaterCd - Not according to spec
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal
BASE METAL SURFACE - The micrography (transverse to the tube) presents the ferritic/pearlitic/bainitic structure.
75
VIEW
ML00177 / Dec.2021
Cr-Mo Seam Welded Tube
M - CrMo SteelP - Longitudinally Seam WeldedAp - Fired HeaterCd - Not according to spec
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Granular structure
BASE METAL SURFACE - The microstructure of the base metal is ferritic/pearlitic/bainitic.
74
VIEW
ML00177 / Dec.2021
Cr-Mo Seam Welded Tube
M - CrMo SteelP - Longitudinally Seam WeldedAp - Fired HeaterCd - Not according to spec
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Grain refined structure
HAZ SURFACE
72
VIEW
ML00177 / Dec.2021
Cr-Mo Seam Welded Tube
M - CrMo SteelP - Longitudinally Seam WeldedAp - Fired HeaterCd - Not according to spec
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Last Bead HAZ

+20 more from this case →

View all 2129 images in the Atlas →

most recent

The location of the threaded fitting started leaking after less than five years in service. Although the corrosion rate was not high, the localized material loss in the threaded surface of the carbon steel flange allowed the connection leakage.
769
VIEW
ML00184 / Apr.2023
Dissimilar Steels in a Threaded Connection
M - Low Carbon SteelP - ForgingAp - OffshoreCd - Localized Dissolution
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Front wheel 17 x 7J of a passenger vehicle (identified as WHEEL 1) that broke during a car accident on a road.
1644
VIEW
ML00183 / Dec.2022
Ductile Behavior of an Aluminum Wheel
M - Aluminum Silicon MagnesiumP - CastingAp - AutomotiveCd - Ductile Behavior
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Tool fixture 5" long, nominal diameter 2", presenting a recess 1/2" deep from two sides. The rupture occurred about 2" from the end of the rod. Scale in milimeters.
523
VIEW
ML00182 / Jul.2022
Brittle Fracture of a LAS Fixing Rod
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - StemAp - Mechanical IndustryCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Pinion of hypoid gearbox, assembled in a 1560-mm long shaft that operated during more than 60,000 hours, and removed from service due to unacceptable wear damage.
1028
VIEW
ML00181 / Apr.2022
Wear of a Carburized Hypoid Gear
M - Low Alloy for Thermochemical TreatmentP - Pinion-crown assemblyAp - ShipCd - Wear
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Aspect of the 3 1/2" diameter tube after the water leakage in high temperature.
962
VIEW
ML00180 / Mar.2022
Local Melting of Copper Cooling Tubes
M - Pure CopperP - Cooling TubeAp - SiderurgyCd - Overheating
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
2" drain line from the main 10" line. The leakage occurred at the margin of the weld, a short time after the introduction of the reinforced ribs to reduce vibration.
641
VIEW
ML00179 / Feb.2022
Hydrides in Titanium Weld
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - In Field WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Field photoDf - General View
The drilling connector, 21" diameter, presented a crack at the margin of the weld in the forging side (left side of the weld in the figure).
744
VIEW
ML00178 / Jan.2022
Cold cracks in Cr-Mo Welded Forging
M - CrMo SteelP - ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Macrography of the longitudinally seam weld of the 24" diameter tube, showing that it was welded from both sides and there is a segregation line in the center of the tube thickness.
737
VIEW
ML00177 / Dec.2021
Cr-Mo Seam Welded Tube
M - CrMo SteelP - Longitudinally Seam WeldedAp - Fired HeaterCd - Not according to spec
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Seam
The titanium rotor blade of a flowmeter broke after two years in service in an acid environment, containing H2S.
339
VIEW
ML00176 / Nov.2021
Hydride Formation in a Titanium Blade
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - BladeAp - Oil and GasCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Aspect of the wire rope, 1 1/2" diameter, presenting regions of flattened areas at the surface of the outer wires. It is a 6 x 19 Seale construction, right regular lay.
552
VIEW
ML00175 / Aug.2021
Localized External Wear of a Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Wear
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
The carcass was manufactured using niobium stabilized plates, grade AISI 347, with circumferential welds, where the through wall cracks were detected.
300
VIEW
ML00174 / Jul.2021
Carburization of a 347 SS Welded Joint
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - EnergyCd - Carburization
Cm - Field photoDf - General View
Aged microstructure of the HP stainless steel, modified with 1%Nb, cast fitting, tubular, operating for 6 years in a furnace which design temperature is 1100°C. The material presented a network of primary carbides, white and grey, and an austenitic matrix with coalescing secondary precipitation. Some voids. The Vickers identation indicates a hardness value about 260HV 100g in the aged austenitic matrix.
491
VIEW
ML00173 / May.2021
Welding Cracks in an Aged HP Cast Fitting
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Cast FtittingAp - PetrochemicalCd - Welding
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Microhardness identations

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