Keller Etched Macro

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Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

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Macrography of a radial section of the WHEEL 1. The fracture occurred in the cylindrical wheel outer edge, the rim, and the thickness of the part in the fracture location varied from 2.5 mm to 4 mm.
62
VIEW
ML00183 / Dec.2022
Ductile Behavior of an Aluminum Wheel
M - Aluminum Silicon MagnesiumP - CastingAp - AutomotiveCd - Ductile Behavior
Cm - Keller Etched MacroDf - Radial Section
Macrography of the 3/8" thickness aluminum alloy plate, in a section. The side of bullet impact is to the top of the figure. The perforated hole expulsed the material to the top and bottom directions. The hole is larger in the exit of the bullet (to the bottom of the figure).
19
VIEW
ML00145 / Sep.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on 6061 T6 Plate
M - Aluminum Magnesium SiliconP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Keller Etched MacroDf - Transverse Section
Macrography of the flat position welded joint. It was welded in three passes, with the following parameters. Root pass - 157A, 21V, 146mm/s (wire speed), 3.2 mm/s (welding speed), 1090 J/mm. Second pass - 161A, 21V, 146mm/s (wire speed), 4.2 mm/s (welding speed), 833 J/mm. Third pass - 155A, 21V, 146mm/s (wire speed), 5.1 mm/s (welding speed), 664 J/mm.
48
VIEW
ML00118 / Jan.2018
Non qualified GMAW of Aluminum Plates
M - Aluminum Magnesium ManganeseP - Welded Testpiece for QualificationAp - ShipCd - Non qualified
Cm - Keller Etched MacroDf - Flat Position
The macrography of the welded joint shows the AA 6063 alloy pipe in the right and the AA 3003 pipe in the left, welded in two passes. The root presents small regions of corrosion in the weld metal and a localized corrosion at the fusion line of the 6063 pipe (knife-line attack morphology).
397
VIEW
ML00059 / Feb.2018
Intergranular Corrosion of Aluminum Piping
M - Aluminum ManganeseP - Welded JointAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Keller Etched MacroDf - Localized Corrosion
Macrography of a transverse section of the ring piston seal, shwing a thread in the internal diameter.
54
VIEW
ML00058 / Apr.2017
High-Pressure Piston Seal in Casting Al Alloy
M - Aluminum TinP - CastingAp - EnergyCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Keller Etched MacroDf - Transverse Section

More from these cases

ML00183 — Ductile Behavior of an Aluminum WheelM - Aluminum Silicon MagnesiumP - CastingAp - AutomotiveCd - Ductile Behavior
Macro view of a fractured wheel spoke section showing an irregular, shear-lip fracture edge consistent with ductile overload.
52
VIEW
ML00183 / Dec.2022
Ductile Behavior of an Aluminum Wheel
M - Aluminum Silicon MagnesiumP - CastingAp - AutomotiveCd - Ductile Behavior
Cm - Keller Etched MacroDf - Radial Section
Macrography transverse to the fracture surface of the WHEEL 1. The fracture is in the top of the image.
35
VIEW
ML00183 / Dec.2022
Ductile Behavior of an Aluminum Wheel
M - Aluminum Silicon MagnesiumP - CastingAp - AutomotiveCd - Ductile Behavior
Cm - Keller Etched MacroDf - Fracture
ML00145 — Impact of a .380 Winchester on 6061 T6 PlateM - Aluminum Magnesium SiliconP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Macrographic detail of the 3/8" aluminum alloy plate. The side of bullet impact is to the top of the figure. The perforated hole expulsed the material to the top and bottom directions. The hole is in the left side of the figure.
18
VIEW
ML00145 / Sep.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on 6061 T6 Plate
M - Aluminum Magnesium SiliconP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Keller Etched MacroDf - Transverse Section
Macrographic detail of the 3/8" thickness aluminum alloy plate. The side of bullet exit is to the bottom of the figure. The perforated hole expulsed the material to the top and bottom directions. The hole is in the right side of the figure
7
VIEW
ML00145 / Sep.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on 6061 T6 Plate
M - Aluminum Magnesium SiliconP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Keller Etched MacroDf - Transverse Section
ML00118 — Non qualified GMAW of Aluminum PlatesM - Aluminum Magnesium ManganeseP - Welded Testpiece for QualificationAp - ShipCd - Non qualified
Macrographic detail of the flat position welded joint, showing the three passes. The large extension of the heat affected zone in the root reveals the too high imposed energy, melting out of the root gap. The shining spots are pores.
42
VIEW
ML00118 / Jan.2018
Non qualified GMAW of Aluminum Plates
M - Aluminum Magnesium ManganeseP - Welded Testpiece for QualificationAp - ShipCd - Non qualified
Cm - Keller Etched MacroDf - Flat Position
Macrography of the horizontal position joint. It was welded in three passes, and one additional pass from the root. Root pass - 153A, 20V, 156mm/s (wire speed), 3.5 mm/s (welding speed), 933 J/mm. Second pass - 162A, 20V, 156mm/s (wire speed), 5.8 mm/s (welding speed), 592 J/mm. Third pass - 155A, 19V, 156mm/s (wire speed), 5.9 mm/s (welding speed), 523 J/mm. Additional at the root - 161A, 23V, 187mm/s (wire speed), 8.5mm/s (welding speed), 467J/mm.
47
VIEW
ML00118 / Jan.2018
Non qualified GMAW of Aluminum Plates
M - Aluminum Magnesium ManganeseP - Welded Testpiece for QualificationAp - ShipCd - Non qualified
Cm - Keller Etched MacroDf - Horizontal Position
Macrographic detail of the horizontal position welded joint, showing the three passes welded from one side and the fourth pass welded after removing the ceramic backing. Big pores and liquation were identified.
40
VIEW
ML00118 / Jan.2018
Non qualified GMAW of Aluminum Plates
M - Aluminum Magnesium ManganeseP - Welded Testpiece for QualificationAp - ShipCd - Non qualified
Cm - Keller Etched MacroDf - Horizontal Position
Macrography of the vertical up position welded joint. It was welded in three passes, with the following parameters. Root pass - 115A, 21V, 162mm/s (wire speed), 2.6 mm/s (welding speed), 1090 J/mm. Second pass - 143A, 21V, 162mm/s (wire speed), 5.5 mm/s (welding speed), 594 J/mm. Third pass - 144A, 21V, 162mm/s (wire speed), 6.1 mm/s (welding speed), 979 J/mm.
39
VIEW
ML00118 / Jan.2018
Non qualified GMAW of Aluminum Plates
M - Aluminum Magnesium ManganeseP - Welded Testpiece for QualificationAp - ShipCd - Non qualified
Cm - Keller Etched MacroDf - Vertical Up Position
Macrographic detail of the vertical up position welded joint, showing the three passes. The second and third passes penetrated to much, almost through wall thickness. The shining spots are pores, some of a large size.
41
VIEW
ML00118 / Jan.2018
Non qualified GMAW of Aluminum Plates
M - Aluminum Magnesium ManganeseP - Welded Testpiece for QualificationAp - ShipCd - Non qualified
Cm - Keller Etched MacroDf - Vertical Up Position

+1 more from this case →

ML00059 — Intergranular Corrosion of Aluminum PipingM - Aluminum ManganeseP - Welded JointAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Micrographic detail of a longitudinal section of the pipe AA 6063. Granular structure and dispersed particles.
138
VIEW
ML00059 / Feb.2018
Intergranular Corrosion of Aluminum Piping
M - Aluminum ManganeseP - Welded JointAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Keller Etched MacroDf - Base Metal Right Side