Tube

16 cases · 213 images

Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

Tube — sub-branches

Autogenously Welded Tube 2Longitudinally Seam Welded 1Seamless Round Shape 4Seamless tube 9

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Macrography of the longitudinally seam weld of the 24" diameter tube, showing that it was welded from both sides and there is a segregation line in the center of the tube thickness.
737
VIEW
ML00177 / Dec.2021
Cr-Mo Seam Welded Tube
M - CrMo SteelP - Longitudinally Seam WeldedAp - Fired HeaterCd - Not according to spec
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Seam
Visual aspect of the internal side of the tube, after longitudinal cut, presenting the region of leakage. The tube, that is 1.6mm thick, presented several points of localized diissolution .
457
VIEW
ML00170 / Sep.2020
MIC in Aluminum Brass Tubes
M - Aluminum BrassP - Seamless tubeAp - MaritimeCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - Surface AspectDf - Localized Thinning
Aspect "as received" of the seamless tube at the curved position, showing the longitudinal crack and corrosion products at the tube surface.
836
VIEW
ML00165 / Jul.2020
SCC of Aluminum Bronze Heating Coil
M - Aluminum BronzeP - Seamless tubeAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Aspect of the waterwall during removal of the leaking tube. The leakage was detected, by visual inspection, from the outside of the boiler.
1675
VIEW
ML00163 / Jun.2020
Corrosion Fatigue of a Boiler Waterwall Tube
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - BoilerCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Field photoDf - General View
Micrographic detail of a transverse section of the tubing, in the center of the thickness. Ferritic-pearlitic structure. Pearlite colonies in bands.
401
VIEW
ML00116 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 6 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite
Micrographic detail of a transverse section of the 5 mm thick tubing, in the center of the thickness. Ferritic-pearlitic structure, with the pearlite presenting a coalesced aspect. The tubing was in service at ambient temperature, painted, and the coalesced aspect was generated before service, perhaps during the tubing manufacturing.
393
VIEW
ML00115 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 5 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite
Micrographic detail of a transverse section of the tubing, in the center of the thickness. Ferritic-pearlitic structure. Pearlite colonies in bands.
346
VIEW
ML00114 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 8 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite
Micrographic detail of the longitudinal section of the tube, close to the external surface. The carburizing layer consists of a bainitic structure, with intergranular and intragranular carbide precipitation.
1184
VIEW
ML00107 / Dec.2017
Carburized 9Cr1MoV Superheater Tube
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - BoilerCd - Carburization
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Carburized Layer

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ML00177 — Cr-Mo Seam Welded TubeM - CrMo SteelP - Longitudinally Seam WeldedAp - Fired HeaterCd - Not according to spec
Identification of the regions of metallographies of the base metal, heat affected zone (HAZ) and weld metal. Locations in the root, in the center of the thickness and close to the tube OD (external surface).
118
VIEW
ML00177 / Dec.2021
Cr-Mo Seam Welded Tube
M - CrMo SteelP - Longitudinally Seam WeldedAp - Fired HeaterCd - Not according to spec
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Welded Joint
BASE METAL SURFACE - Ferritic structure, grain refined.
90
VIEW
ML00177 / Dec.2021
Cr-Mo Seam Welded Tube
M - CrMo SteelP - Longitudinally Seam WeldedAp - Fired HeaterCd - Not according to spec
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal
BASE METAL SURFACE - The micrography (transverse to the tube) presents the ferritic/pearlitic/bainitic structure.
75
VIEW
ML00177 / Dec.2021
Cr-Mo Seam Welded Tube
M - CrMo SteelP - Longitudinally Seam WeldedAp - Fired HeaterCd - Not according to spec
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Granular structure
BASE METAL SURFACE - The microstructure of the base metal is ferritic/pearlitic/bainitic.
74
VIEW
ML00177 / Dec.2021
Cr-Mo Seam Welded Tube
M - CrMo SteelP - Longitudinally Seam WeldedAp - Fired HeaterCd - Not according to spec
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Grain refined structure
HAZ SURFACE
72
VIEW
ML00177 / Dec.2021
Cr-Mo Seam Welded Tube
M - CrMo SteelP - Longitudinally Seam WeldedAp - Fired HeaterCd - Not according to spec
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Last Bead HAZ

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ML00170 — MIC in Aluminum Brass TubesM - Aluminum BrassP - Seamless tubeAp - MaritimeCd - Preferential Dissolution
Macrography of a transverse section of the tube close to the leakage point, evidencing a localized thinning from the internal side of the tube.
65
VIEW
ML00170 / Sep.2020
MIC in Aluminum Brass Tubes
M - Aluminum BrassP - Seamless tubeAp - MaritimeCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - Transverse Section AspectDf - Localized Thinning
Visual aspect of the internal side of the tube, after longitudinal cut, presenting regions where the internal layer is fully stained.
55
VIEW
ML00170 / Sep.2020
MIC in Aluminum Brass Tubes
M - Aluminum BrassP - Seamless tubeAp - MaritimeCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Internal Surface
Detailed aspect, by a low magnification microscope, of the internal side of the tube, after longitudinal cut. The tube, that is 1.6mm thick, presented several points of localized corrosion leading to leaks.
46
VIEW
ML00170 / Sep.2020
MIC in Aluminum Brass Tubes
M - Aluminum BrassP - Seamless tubeAp - MaritimeCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - Surface AspectDf - Localized Corrosion
Uniform granular microstructure of the aluminum brass, monophasic alpha.
44
VIEW
ML00170 / Sep.2020
MIC in Aluminum Brass Tubes
M - Aluminum BrassP - Seamless tubeAp - MaritimeCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+Ethanol Etched MicroDf - Alpha
Micrographic detail of the granular structure of the aluminum brass, monophasic alpha.
44
VIEW
ML00170 / Sep.2020
MIC in Aluminum Brass Tubes
M - Aluminum BrassP - Seamless tubeAp - MaritimeCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+Ethanol Etched MicroDf - Alpha

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ML00165 — SCC of Aluminum Bronze Heating CoilM - Aluminum BronzeP - Seamless tubeAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Aspect of the external tube surface after cleaning. It is possible to see that the cracks are longitudinal to the tube and localized in positions where the surface is corroded.
132
VIEW
ML00165 / Jul.2020
SCC of Aluminum Bronze Heating Coil
M - Aluminum BronzeP - Seamless tubeAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Surface AspectDf - External Surface
Aspect of the internal tube surface after a longitudinal cut, without cleaning. It is possible to see a clean surface inside the tube.
104
VIEW
ML00165 / Jul.2020
SCC of Aluminum Bronze Heating Coil
M - Aluminum BronzeP - Seamless tubeAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Surface AspectDf - Internal Surface
Micrography of the tranverse section of the tube, in the center of the thickness. There are small grains and large grains, characterizing a dual grain size. The large grains size is about 100 microns, more than 10 times larger than the average size of the smaller grains size.
101
VIEW
ML00165 / Jul.2020
SCC of Aluminum Bronze Heating Coil
M - Aluminum BronzeP - Seamless tubeAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+H2O Etched MicroDf - Dual grain sizes
Micrographic detail of the alpha microstructure presenting dual grain sizes. Two different types of twins are presented in the structure: annealing twins and deformation twins, suggesting that the material was probably partially recristalized after cold deformation and stress relief treatment.
87
VIEW
ML00165 / Jul.2020
SCC of Aluminum Bronze Heating Coil
M - Aluminum BronzeP - Seamless tubeAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+H2O Etched MicroDf - Alpha
Micrography of a transverse section of the bent tube, external surface (OD) to the top and internal surface (ID) to the bottom of the figure. At the through wall cracking position, the external surface presented a layer of intergranular corrosion.
95
VIEW
ML00165 / Jul.2020
SCC of Aluminum Bronze Heating Coil
M - Aluminum BronzeP - Seamless tubeAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Cracking

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ML00163 — Corrosion Fatigue of a Boiler Waterwall TubeM - Low Carbon SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - BoilerCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Aspect of the sample removed from the waterwall, where the tube has leaked, presenting the crack in the membrane.
361
VIEW
ML00163 / Jun.2020
Corrosion Fatigue of a Boiler Waterwall Tube
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - BoilerCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Field photoDf - Through Wall Cracking
Aspect of the tube internal surface after removal from the boiler, presenting multiple longitudinal cracks.
295
VIEW
ML00163 / Jun.2020
Corrosion Fatigue of a Boiler Waterwall Tube
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - BoilerCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Internal Surface
Aspect of the external surface of the leaking tube, after removal of the membrane.
262
VIEW
ML00163 / Jun.2020
Corrosion Fatigue of a Boiler Waterwall Tube
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - BoilerCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - External Surface
Throught wall cracking of the waterwall tube at the leakage position, thick edged, The external surface of the tube was grounded to remove the membrane and the cracking is associated to the tube attachement.
242
VIEW
ML00163 / Jun.2020
Corrosion Fatigue of a Boiler Waterwall Tube
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - BoilerCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Transverse Section AspectDf - Thick-edged rupture
Macrography of the transverse section of the tube, in a position where the cracking was not yet through wall. The internal tube surface shows multiple corrosion fatigue cracks, parallel, under the weld of the membrane, probably related to the cold side of the tube (the cracks opened to the boiler outside). The external side of the tube presenting a small crack at the margem of the weld, suggesting also the action of thermal stresses.
214
VIEW
ML00163 / Jun.2020
Corrosion Fatigue of a Boiler Waterwall Tube
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - BoilerCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Multiple cracks

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ML00116 — CMn Steel Structural Tubing 6 mm thickM - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Low magnification micrography of a transverse section of the tubing, in the center of the thickness. Ferritic-pearlitic banded structure.
30
VIEW
ML00116 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 6 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Banded Structure
Micrography of a transverse section of the tubing, in the center of the thickness. Ferritic-pearlitic structure. Bands of pearlite colonies. Refined grains.
26
VIEW
ML00116 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 6 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - In the Center of the Thickness
Micrography of a transverse section of the tubing in the center of the thickness. Ferritic-pearlitic structure. The structure is fully ferritic in a small extension at the surface, due to a decarburization effect during manufacturing.
26
VIEW
ML00116 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 6 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Close to the External Surface
Micrographic detail of a transverse section of the tubing, close to the internal surface. Ferritic-pearlitic structure, refined.
20
VIEW
ML00116 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 6 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Close to the Internal Surface
ML00115 — CMn Steel Structural Tubing 5 mm thickM - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Low magnification micrography of a transverse section of the tubing, in the center of the thickness. Banded structure, ferritic-pearlitic.
16
VIEW
ML00115 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 5 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Banded Structure
Micrography of a transverse section of the tubing, in the center of the thickness. Ferritic-pearlitic structure. The pearlite is banded and presented a coalesced aspect.
12
VIEW
ML00115 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 5 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - In the Center of the Thickness
Micrographic detail of a transverse section of the tubing, at the external surface. Ferritic-pearlitic structure. The roughness of the surface is high because the structure was painted and a blasting treatment was probably applied to the surface to improve adherence.
15
VIEW
ML00115 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 5 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Close to the External Surface
Micrographic detail of a transverse section of the tubing, close to the internal surface. Ferritic-pearlitic structure. Very close to the surface the amount of ferrite is higher than in the center and the grain is coarser, due to a decarburization effect probably occurred when the surface was exposed to high temperature during manufacturing.
13
VIEW
ML00115 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 5 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Close to the Internal Surface
ML00114 — CMn Steel Structural Tubing 8 mm thickM - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Low magnification micrography of a transverse section of the tubing, in the center of the thickness. Ferritic-pearlitic banded structure.
29
VIEW
ML00114 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 8 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Banded Structure
Micrography of a transverse section of the tubing, in the center of the thickness. Ferritic-pearlitic structure. Bands of pearlite colonies. Refined grains.
29
VIEW
ML00114 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 8 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - In the Center of the Thickness
Micrography of a transverse section of the tubing, at the external surface. Ferritic-pearlitic structure. The roughness of the surface is high because the structure was painted and a blasting treatment was probably applied to the surface to improve adherence.
20
VIEW
ML00114 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 8 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Close to the External Surface
Micrography of a transverse section of the tubing, close to the internal surface. Ferritic-pearlitic structure, refined.
16
VIEW
ML00114 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 8 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Close to the Internal Surface
ML00107 — Carburized 9Cr1MoV Superheater TubeM - Heat Resistant SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - BoilerCd - Carburization
Micrography of the longitudinal section of the tube, close to the internal surface. A thick scale is evident, but no microstructural changes compared to the center of the tube.
183
VIEW
ML00107 / Dec.2017
Carburized 9Cr1MoV Superheater Tube
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - BoilerCd - Carburization
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Bainite
Aspect of the superheater ND 1" tube that was in operation for about 35,000 hours and presented a thick deposit at the external surface.
211
VIEW
ML00107 / Dec.2017
Carburized 9Cr1MoV Superheater Tube
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - BoilerCd - Carburization
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the tube in the center of the thickness, showing a ferritic-bainitic structure of this CrMoV steel.
156
VIEW
ML00107 / Dec.2017
Carburized 9Cr1MoV Superheater Tube
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - BoilerCd - Carburization
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Bainite
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the tube in the center of the thickness, showing a ferritic-bainitic structure of this CrMoV steel.
137
VIEW
ML00107 / Dec.2017
Carburized 9Cr1MoV Superheater Tube
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - BoilerCd - Carburization
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Bainite
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the tube in the center of the thickness, showing a ferritic-bainitic structure of this CrMoV steel.
142
VIEW
ML00107 / Dec.2017
Carburized 9Cr1MoV Superheater Tube
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - BoilerCd - Carburization
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Bainite

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