Structure

16 cases · 314 images

Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

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Concrete steel strand general view, presenting fracture of several wires and a corroded aspect. The full part is composed by 19 strands, each strand using 7 wires, and each wire about 5 mm diameter.
834
VIEW
ML00155 / Jan.2020
Failure of a Prestressed Concrete Steel Strand
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - StructureCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Macrography of a section longitudinal to the pipe and transverse to the weld. The thickness of the pipe is 12,7 mm (1/2") and it was welded in 6 passes, the root pass, one fill pass and four cap passes.
855
VIEW
ML00153 / Jan.2019
X52 in a Tubular Structure
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - StructureCd - Qualified
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Welded Joint
Red painted device where the 50 mm x 50 mm 6061 T6 aluminum alloy plate was positioned (in the circle). The image presents the target, positioned 100 meters far from the gun, after the shot and the projectile perforated the plate.
478
VIEW
ML00145 / Sep.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on 6061 T6 Plate
M - Aluminum Magnesium SiliconP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Red painted device where the 50 mm x 50 mm titanium alloy plate was positioned (in the circle). The image presents the target, positioned 100 meters far from the gun, after the shot and the projectile did not perforate the plate, but presented a strong effect, as will be presented in the other figures.
487
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Red painted device where the 50 mm x 50 mm carbon steel plate was positioned (in the circle). The image presents the target, positioned 100 meters far from the gun, after the shot and the projectile perforated the plate, as will be presented in the other figures.
601
VIEW
ML00143 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 Plate
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Red painted device where the 50 mm x 50 mm high strenght wear resistant steel plate (AR500) was positioned (in the circle). The image presents the target, positioned 100 meters far from the gun, after the shot and the projectile did not penetrate in the plate, and not even affected the material surface, as will be presented in the other figures.
500
VIEW
ML00142 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on AR500 Plate
M - Low Alloy Wear ResistantP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Micrographic detail of a transverse section of the tubing, in the center of the thickness. Ferritic-pearlitic structure. Pearlite colonies in bands.
401
VIEW
ML00116 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 6 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite
Micrographic detail of a transverse section of the 5 mm thick tubing, in the center of the thickness. Ferritic-pearlitic structure, with the pearlite presenting a coalesced aspect. The tubing was in service at ambient temperature, painted, and the coalesced aspect was generated before service, perhaps during the tubing manufacturing.
393
VIEW
ML00115 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 5 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite

More from these cases

ML00155 — Failure of a Prestressed Concrete Steel StrandM - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - StructureCd - Corrosion Fatigue
General aspect of the degradated wires of the strand, most part presenting rust and rupture.
107
VIEW
ML00155 / Jan.2020
Failure of a Prestressed Concrete Steel Strand
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - StructureCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
General aspect of the degradated wires of the strand, most part presenting rust and rupture. There are two mais aspects of the degradation: wire thickness reduction by corrosion and cracks creating a longitudinal fracture of several wires.
96
VIEW
ML00155 / Jan.2020
Failure of a Prestressed Concrete Steel Strand
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - StructureCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Fracture
Micrography of a wire in a longitudinal section, presenting a predominantly oearlitic structure, highly strained. The wires did not present any coating.
104
VIEW
ML00155 / Jan.2020
Failure of a Prestressed Concrete Steel Strand
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - StructureCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Longitudinal Section
Higher magnification detail of the predominantly pearlitic microstructure of the wire.
88
VIEW
ML00155 / Jan.2020
Failure of a Prestressed Concrete Steel Strand
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - StructureCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Predominantly Pearlitic
Macrography of a typical corroded wire in a longitudinal section, showing loss of thickness by corrosion.
75
VIEW
ML00155 / Jan.2020
Failure of a Prestressed Concrete Steel Strand
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - StructureCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Corrosion

+36 more from this case →

ML00153 — X52 in a Tubular StructureM - CMn SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - StructureCd - Qualified
Micrography of the pipe base metal, in a longitudinal section, presenting a slight banding and a refined structure.
147
VIEW
ML00153 / Jan.2019
X52 in a Tubular Structure
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - StructureCd - Qualified
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal
Micrography of the pipe base metal, in a longitudinal section. The ferritic structure is refined and it is possible to identify a small variation in the ferritic grain size, that is promoting the slight banding effect.
119
VIEW
ML00153 / Jan.2019
X52 in a Tubular Structure
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - StructureCd - Qualified
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal
Micrographic detail of the very refined ferritic structure of the base metal, in the longitudinal section, indicating that the material was heat treated, since no banding is not detectable at this magnification.
101
VIEW
ML00153 / Jan.2019
X52 in a Tubular Structure
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - StructureCd - Qualified
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Grain refined structure
Schematic drawing of the API 5L X52 pipe, butt welded to another pipe, showing the 4 cap passes. The pipe is nominal diameter 8" and thickness 1/2". The qualification of the WPS was conducted according to the structural code, with toughness requirements (Charpy V at 0°C), with 4 lateral bending tests, all approved, and 2 welded joint tensile tests, one with ruptured in the base metal and the other ruptured in the weld metal, both presenting strenght level higher than the minimum specified. The pipe was tensile tested.
95
VIEW
ML00153 / Jan.2019
X52 in a Tubular Structure
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - StructureCd - Qualified
Cm - Identification drawingDf - Welded Joint
Micrography of the weded joint at the cap pass fusion line. The columnar structure of the weld metal is to the top of the figure; and it is possible to see the coarse grains at the heat affected zone. Both columnar structure and coarse grains are related to the previous austenite grain boundaries. From the fusion line to the base metal (in the bottom of the figure) the grain sizes are refined.
86
VIEW
ML00153 / Jan.2019
X52 in a Tubular Structure
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - StructureCd - Qualified
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Welded Joint

+8 more from this case →

ML00145 — Impact of a .380 Winchester on 6061 T6 PlateM - Aluminum Magnesium SiliconP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Aspect of a typical .308 Winchester projectile, similar to the one adopted to shot the plate, cut in a longitudinal section. It is a Cu alloy case filled with Pb-Sb.
61
VIEW
ML00145 / Sep.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on 6061 T6 Plate
M - Aluminum Magnesium SiliconP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Longitudinal Section AspectDf - Longitudinal Section
Aspect of the 3/8" thickness plate, 50 mm x 50 mm, of the aluminum alloy plate, in the face of impact with the projectile. The plate was perforated by the bullet.
52
VIEW
ML00145 / Sep.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on 6061 T6 Plate
M - Aluminum Magnesium SiliconP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Micrography of the plate in a section, in the middle of the thickness. The aligned pitting is associated to the chemical etch of inclusions and second phases. The structure is granular but the grain boundaries do not appear at that magnification, originally 50x.
50
VIEW
ML00145 / Sep.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on 6061 T6 Plate
M - Aluminum Magnesium SiliconP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Keller Etched Micrography by OMDf - Aligned particles
Micrography of the plate in a section, in the middle of the thickness, in a position where the plate was not affected by the shot. The microstructure is granular although the grain boundaries are not resolvable at this magnification. The black spots are localized corrosion in aligned particles.
49
VIEW
ML00145 / Sep.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on 6061 T6 Plate
M - Aluminum Magnesium SiliconP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Keller Etched Micrography by OMDf - Aligned particles
Micrographic detail of the plate in the middle of the thickness. At this magnification it is possible to see the grain boundaries and the black spots are localized etching in aligned particles.
43
VIEW
ML00145 / Sep.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on 6061 T6 Plate
M - Aluminum Magnesium SiliconP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Keller Etched Micrography by OMDf - Granular structure

+45 more from this case →

ML00144 — Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 PlateM - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Aspect of a typical .308 Winchester projectile, similar to the one adopted to shot the plate, cut in a longitudinal section. It is a Cu alloy case filled with Pb-Sb.
34
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Longitudinal Section AspectDf - Longitudinal Section
Aspect of the 3/8" thickness plate, 50 mm x 50 mm, of the titanium alloy, in the face of impact with the projectile. The plate was not perforated by the bullet, but suffered localized plastic deformation.
33
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Micrography of the plate in the middle of the thickness, showing the aligned structure tyical of a rolling process. The sample was mechanically-electrolitically polished and etched with HF (10%) + HNO3 (5%) +H2O (85%) solution.
28
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Alpha and Beta
Micrography showing the alpha plus beta microstructure in the middle of the thickness. The sample was mechanically-electrolitically polished and etched with HF (10%) + HNO3 (5%) +H2O (85%) solution.
32
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Alpha and Beta
Micrographic detail of the plate, showing the alpha (light grains as a matrix) plus beta (dark phase) microstructure. Etched with HF (10%) + HNO3 (5%) +H2O (85%) solution.
28
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Alpha and Beta

+50 more from this case →

ML00143 — Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 PlateM - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Aspect of a typical .308 Winchester projectile, similar to the one adopted to shot the plate, cut in a longitudinal section. It is a Cu alloy case filled with Pb-Sb.
91
VIEW
ML00143 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 Plate
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Longitudinal Section AspectDf - Longitudinal Section
Aspect of the 3/8" thickness plate, 50 mm x 50 mm, of the low carbon steel steel, in the face of impact with the projectile. The plate was perforated by the bullet.
88
VIEW
ML00143 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 Plate
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Micrography of the plate in a section, showing a ferritic-pearlitic microstructure in the middle of the thickness.
84
VIEW
ML00143 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 Plate
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite
Micrography of the plate in a section, showing a ferritic-pearlitic microstructure in the middle of the thickness, in a position where the plate was not affected by the shot.
65
VIEW
ML00143 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 Plate
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite
Micrographic detail of the plate in a section, showing a ferritic-pearlitic microstructure in the middle of the thickness.
66
VIEW
ML00143 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 Plate
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite

+51 more from this case →

ML00142 — Impact of a .308 Winchester on AR500 PlateM - Low Alloy Wear ResistantP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Aspect of a typical .308 Winchester projectile, similar to the one adopted to shot the plate, cut in a longitudinal section. It is a Cu alloy case filled with Pb-Sb.
57
VIEW
ML00142 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on AR500 Plate
M - Low Alloy Wear ResistantP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Longitudinal Section AspectDf - Longitudinal Section
Aspect of the 3/8" thickness plate, 50 mm x 50 mm, of the AR500 wear resistant steel, in the face of impact with the projectile. The plate did not suffer any macroscopic damage. It was only stained at the impact surface.
63
VIEW
ML00142 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on AR500 Plate
M - Low Alloy Wear ResistantP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Micrography of the plate in a section, showing a martensitic structure in the middle of the thickness.
63
VIEW
ML00142 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on AR500 Plate
M - Low Alloy Wear ResistantP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
Micrographic detail of the plate in a section, showing a martensitic structure in the middle of the thickness.
56
VIEW
ML00142 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on AR500 Plate
M - Low Alloy Wear ResistantP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
Micrographic detail of the high hardness martensitic structure. Uniform structure.
58
VIEW
ML00142 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on AR500 Plate
M - Low Alloy Wear ResistantP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite

+24 more from this case →

ML00116 — CMn Steel Structural Tubing 6 mm thickM - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Low magnification micrography of a transverse section of the tubing, in the center of the thickness. Ferritic-pearlitic banded structure.
30
VIEW
ML00116 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 6 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Banded Structure
Micrography of a transverse section of the tubing, in the center of the thickness. Ferritic-pearlitic structure. Bands of pearlite colonies. Refined grains.
26
VIEW
ML00116 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 6 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - In the Center of the Thickness
Micrography of a transverse section of the tubing in the center of the thickness. Ferritic-pearlitic structure. The structure is fully ferritic in a small extension at the surface, due to a decarburization effect during manufacturing.
26
VIEW
ML00116 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 6 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Close to the External Surface
Micrographic detail of a transverse section of the tubing, close to the internal surface. Ferritic-pearlitic structure, refined.
20
VIEW
ML00116 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 6 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Close to the Internal Surface
ML00115 — CMn Steel Structural Tubing 5 mm thickM - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Low magnification micrography of a transverse section of the tubing, in the center of the thickness. Banded structure, ferritic-pearlitic.
16
VIEW
ML00115 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 5 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Banded Structure
Micrography of a transverse section of the tubing, in the center of the thickness. Ferritic-pearlitic structure. The pearlite is banded and presented a coalesced aspect.
12
VIEW
ML00115 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 5 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - In the Center of the Thickness
Micrographic detail of a transverse section of the tubing, at the external surface. Ferritic-pearlitic structure. The roughness of the surface is high because the structure was painted and a blasting treatment was probably applied to the surface to improve adherence.
15
VIEW
ML00115 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 5 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Close to the External Surface
Micrographic detail of a transverse section of the tubing, close to the internal surface. Ferritic-pearlitic structure. Very close to the surface the amount of ferrite is higher than in the center and the grain is coarser, due to a decarburization effect probably occurred when the surface was exposed to high temperature during manufacturing.
13
VIEW
ML00115 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 5 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Close to the Internal Surface