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ML00144 - Aug.2018donated by: ARC SPECIALTIES

Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate

Red painted device where the 50 mm x 50 mm titanium alloy plate was positioned (in the circle). The image presents the target, positioned 100 meters far from the gun, after the shot and the projectile did not perforate the plate, but presented a strong effect, as will be presented in the other figures.

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Red painted device where the 50 mm x 50 mm was positioned (in the circle). The image presents the target, positioned 100 meters far from the gun, after the shot and the projectile did not perforate the , but presented a strong effect, as will be presented in the other figures.
M

Material

Ti6Al4V
  • UNS R56400
Ds

Description

The -beta , 3/8" thickness, was shot with a .308 Winchester projectile (cooper alloy case filled with -antimony alloy) using a Remington 700 gun, 100 meters far from the target. The bullet speed was 2749 ft/sec measured using a chronograph. The plate material was not perforated but it was cracked through wall. Interesting to observe that the material suffered a ductile shearing but the macrohardness level did not increased too much at the most deformed (sheared) region.

C

Chemistry (% in weight)

Nominal

90Ti; 6Al; 4V.

Associated Images
Red painted device where the 50 mm x 50 mm titanium alloy plate was positioned (in the circle). The image presents the target, positioned 100 meters far from the gun, after the shot and the projectile did not perforate the plate, but presented a strong effect, as will be presented in the other figures.
487
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Aspect of a typical .308 Winchester projectile, similar to the one adopted to shot the plate, cut in a longitudinal section. It is a Cu alloy case filled with Pb-Sb.
34
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Longitudinal Section AspectDf - Longitudinal Section
Aspect of the 3/8" thickness plate, 50 mm x 50 mm, of the titanium alloy, in the face of impact with the projectile. The plate was not perforated by the bullet, but suffered localized plastic deformation.
33
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Micrography of the plate in the middle of the thickness, showing the aligned structure tyical of a rolling process. The sample was mechanically-electrolitically polished and etched with HF (10%) + HNO3 (5%) +H2O (85%) solution.
28
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Alpha and Beta
Micrography showing the alpha plus beta microstructure in the middle of the thickness. The sample was mechanically-electrolitically polished and etched with HF (10%) + HNO3 (5%) +H2O (85%) solution.
32
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Alpha and Beta
Micrographic detail of the plate, showing the alpha (light grains as a matrix) plus beta (dark phase) microstructure. Etched with HF (10%) + HNO3 (5%) +H2O (85%) solution.
28
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Alpha and Beta
Micrographic detail of the plate, showing the aligned beta phase (dark) in the alpha grains (light) microstructure. Etched with HF (10%) + HNO3 (5%) +H2O (85%) solution.
24
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Alpha and Beta
Micrographic detail of the plate, showing the aligned beta (dark phase) in alpha microstructure. Etched with HF+ HNO3+H2O solution.
26
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Alpha and Beta
Micrography by SEM of the plate in the middle of the thickness, showing the alpha microstructure (dark grains) and the beta phase (light). Etched with HF+HNO3+H2O.
35
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Alpha and Beta
Micrography of the plate in a section, showing the alpha grains plus beta phase microstructure in the middle of the thickness. The sample was mechanically-electrolitically polished and etched with HF+HNO3+H2O solution.
27
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Micrography by SEMDf - Alpha and Beta
Micrographic detail by SEM, showing the beta phase EDS analysis was conducted in this microstructure and the results indicated 90.8%Ti + 6.8%Al + 2.4%V for the alpha phase (the dark grains as a matrix); and 84.7%Ti + 5.2%Al + 8.8%V + 1.2%Fe for the beta phase (light with aicular morphology inside the phase).
25
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Micrography by SEMDf - Alpha and Beta
Other view of the 3/8" thickness plate, 50 mm x 50 mm, of titanium alloy, in the face of projectile impact. The plate suffered a localized plastic deformation, but no perforation.
26
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Other view of the 3/8" thickness plate, 50 mm x 50 mm, of the titanium alloy, in the opposite face of impact. The plate did not suffered perforation but it is fully cracked at the bullet impact. The red painting of the device marked the back surface of the plate where it was in contact.
22
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Detail of the position where the projectile strike the plate. The plate suffered a localized plastic deformation.
18
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Surface AspectDf - Low Mag
Detail of the position observed form the back side of the plate, where the projectile deformed the plate and cracked it.
19
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Surface AspectDf - Low Mag
Aspect of the surface of the plate by scanning electron microscopy, at the impact position, showing that the bullet was melted and deposited. The plate presented round cracks in the margin of the projectile impact position.
14
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Surface Aspect by SEMDf - Melted film
Aspect of the surface of the plate, by scanning electron microscopy, in the center of the projectile impact position, showing the melted bullet covering the surface.
14
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Surface Aspect by SEMDf - Melted film
Detailed aspect of the surface of the plate at the projectile impact position.
13
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Surface AspectDf - Melted film
Detailed aspect of the surface of the plate at the projectile impact position.
12
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Surface Aspect by SEMDf - Melted film
Aspect of the surface of the plate, by scanning electron microscopy, out of the center of the projectile impact position, showing that the melted bullet covered a large part of the surface.
12
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Surface Aspect by SEMDf - Melted film
Detailed aspect of the surface of the plate, out of the center of the projectile impact position, showing that the melted bullet covered a large part of the surface.
11
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Surface Aspect by SEMDf - Melted film
Detailed aspect of the surface of the plate, out of the center of the projectile impact position, showing that the melted bullet covered a large part of the surface.
12
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Surface Aspect by SEMDf - Melted film
Aspect of the surface of the plate, by scanning electron microscopy, at the margin of the projectile impact position, showing a round crack (in the top of the figure).
10
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Surface Aspect by SEMDf - Plastic Deformation
Aspect of the surface of the plate, by scanning electron microscopy, at the margin of the projectile impact position, showing a melted film over the surface.
10
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Surface Aspect by SEMDf - Melted film
Detailed aspect of the surface of the plate, by scanning electron microscopy, at the margin of the projectile impact position, showing a melted film over the surface.
11
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Surface Aspect by SEMDf - Melted film
Aspect of the 3/8" thickness plate, 50 mm x 50 mm, of the titanium alloy, in a section transverse to the impact position that is to the top of the figure. The projectile did not perforate the plate but caused a localized plastic deformation and cracks that appear in the opposite site of the plate at the projectile impact position.
11
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Transverse Section AspectDf - Transverse Section
Aspect of the 3/8" thickness plate, 50 mm x 50 mm, of the titanium alloy, in a section transverse to the impact position that is to the top of the figure. The projectile did not perforate the plate but caused a localized plastic deformation and a shear effect.
15
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Transverse Section AspectDf - Transverse Section
Macrography of the 3/8" thickness titanium alloy plate, in a section. The side of bullet impact is to the top of the figure. The impact sheared the plate wall in a very localized position. HF+HNO3+H2O chemical etch.
20
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Transverse Section AspectDf - Plastic Deformation
Micrography of the plate section, close to the surface that suffered the impact. The projectile melted and created a film at the surface. HF+HNO3+H2O chemical etch.
13
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Melted film
Micrography by scanning electron microscopy of the plate section, close to the surface that suffered the impact. The projectile melted and created a film at the surface. The plate material presented a localized plastic deformation, aligning the grains. HF+HNO3+H2O chemical etch.
10
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Micrography by SEMDf - Melted film
Micrographic detail by scanning electron microscopy of the plate section, close to the surface that suffered the impact. The projectile melted and created a film at the surface. The plate material presented a localized plastic deformation, aligning the grains. HF+HNO3+H2O chemical etch.
11
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Micrography by SEMDf - Plastic Deformation
Macrography of the 3/8" thickness titanium alloy plate, in a section. The impact side of the plate is to the top of the figure. The plate was sheared through wall in a very localized position. HF+HNO3+H2O chemical etch.
13
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Transverse Section AspectDf - Ductile Crack
Micrography of the damaged plate at the side of the bullet impact, top of the figure. The projectile sheared the plate but did not perforate it, and the projectile materials (Cu and Pb) deposited at the .surface. HF+HNO3+H2O chemical etch.
9
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Ductile Crack
Macrography of the 3/8" thickness titanium alloy plate, in a section. The side of bullet impact is to the top of the figure. The impact sheared the plate wall in a very localized position. HF+HNO3+H2O chemical etch.
12
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Transverse Section AspectDf - Ductile Crack
Micrography of the damaged plate at the side of the bullet impact, top of the figure. The projectile, impacted in the right side of the crack, sheared the plate but did not perforate it and created several longitudinal ductile secondary cracks. HF+HNO3+H2O chemical etch.
16
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Ductile Crack
Micrographic detail of the damaged plate (the side of the bullet impact is to the top of the figure). The projectile, in the right side, sheared the plate but did not perforate it and created longitudinal ductile secondary cracks in the middle of the thickness. HF+HNO3+H2O chemical etch.
11
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Secondary Cracks
Micrographic detail of the shearing of the material due to the projectile impact. It is a very localized effect. HF+HNO3+H2O chemical etch.
13
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Ductile Crack
Micrographic detail by scanning electron microscopy of the shearing of the material due to the projectile impact. It is a very localized plastic deformation effect, and there are several microvoids opening in the microstructure (phase boundaries). HF+HNO3+H2O chemical etch.
15
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Micrography by SEMDf - Plastic Deformation
Micrographic detail by scanning electron microscopy of the shearing of the material due to the projectile impact. Inside the cracks it is possible to see dimples, HF+HNO3+H2O chemical etch.
19
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Micrography by SEMDf - Plastic Deformation
Micrographic detail of dimples inside a ductile crack. HF+HNO3+H2O chemical etch.
10
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Micrography by SEMDf - Dimples
Micrography of the 3/8" thickness titanium alloy plate, in a section. The impact side of the plate is to the top of the figure. The plate was sheared through wall in a very localized position. HF+HNO3+H2O chemical etch.
6
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Ductile Crack
Micrography of the 3/8" thickness titanium alloy plate, in a section. The impact side of the plate is to the top of the figure. The plate was sheared through wall in a very localized position. HF+HNO3+H2O chemical etch.
5
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Ductile Crack
Micrographic detail of the damaged plate. The projectile sheared the plate but did not perforate it and created longitudinal ductile secondary cracks. HF+HNO3+H2O chemical etch.
6
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Ductile Crack
Micrographic detail by scanning electron microscopy of the longitudinal ductile secondary cracks. HF+HNO3+H2O chemical etch.
9
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Micrography by SEMDf - Secondary Cracks
Micrographic detail by scanning electron microscopy of the very localized plastic deformation between inclusions in the material creating longitudinal ductile secondary cracks. HF+HNO3+H2O chemical etch.
10
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Micrography by SEMDf - Plastic Deformation
Micrographic detail by scanning electron microscopy of the very localized plastic deformation between inclusions in the material creating longitudinal ductile secondary cracks. HF+HNO3+H2O chemical etch.
10
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Micrography by SEMDf - Plastic Deformation
Micrographic detail by scanning electron microscopy of the very localized plastic deformation between inclusions in the material creating microvoids. HF+HNO3+H2O chemical etch.
7
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Micrography by SEMDf - Plastic Deformation
Micrography of the 3/8" thickness titanium alloy plate, in a section, close to the end of the plate in the opposite side of the projectile impact. The plate was sheared through wall in a very localized position. HF+HNO3+H2O chemical etch.
8
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Ductile Crack
Micrographic detail of the shearing of the material due to the projectile impact. It is a very localized plastic deformation effect. HF+HNO3+H2O chemical etch.
7
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Plastic Deformation
Micrographic detail of the shearing of the material due to the projectile impact. It is a very localized effect. HF+HNO3+H2O chemical etch.
11
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Ductile Crack
The same region of the previous optical micrography when observed by scanning electron microscopy, evidencing the shearing of the material due to the projectile impact. It is a very localized effect and that is why the material did not increase the hardness level too much. HF+HNO3+H2O chemical etch.
11
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Micrography by SEMDf - Plastic Deformation
Micrographic detail by SEM of the shearing of the plate due to the projectile impact. It is a very localized effect and that is why the material did not increase the macroscopic hardness level too much. HF+HNO3+H2O chemical etch.
9
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Micrography by SEMDf - Plastic Deformation
Micrographic detail by SEM of the shearing of the localized shrearing, HF+HNO3+H2O chemical etch.
7
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Fractography by SEMDf - Plastic Deformation
Micrographic detail of the shearing of the material due to the projectile impact. It is a very localized effect. HF+HNO3+H2O chemical etch.
10
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Ductile Crack
Micrographic detail by SEM of the shearing of the plate in a very localized effect and there are several microvoids opening in the microstructure (phase boundaries). HF+HNO3+H2O chemical etch.
8
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Micrography by SEMDf - Ductile Crack
Micrographic detail by scanning electron microscopy of the shearing of the material due to the projectile impact. It is a very localized plastic deformation effect, and there are several microvoids opening in the microstructure (at phase boundaries). HF+HNO3+H2O chemical etch.
8
VIEW
ML00144 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on Ti64 Plate
M - Ti6Al4VP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Micrography by SEMDf - Ductile Crack