Copper Alloy

9 cases · 113 images

Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

Copper Alloy — sub-branches

Aluminum Brass 1Aluminum Bronze 2Brass 3Cupronickel 1Pure Copper 1Tin Bronze 1

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Aspect of the 3 1/2" diameter tube after the water leakage in high temperature.
962
VIEW
ML00180 / Mar.2022
Local Melting of Copper Cooling Tubes
M - Pure CopperP - Cooling TubeAp - SiderurgyCd - Overheating
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Visual aspect of the internal side of the tube, after longitudinal cut, presenting the region of leakage. The tube, that is 1.6mm thick, presented several points of localized diissolution .
457
VIEW
ML00170 / Sep.2020
MIC in Aluminum Brass Tubes
M - Aluminum BrassP - Seamless tubeAp - MaritimeCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - Surface AspectDf - Localized Thinning
Macrography of a ring transverse section presenting a large variation in the grain size, revealing the diferences in the solidification rate.
453
VIEW
ML00166 / Jul.2020
Tin Bronze Wear Ring of Seawater Pump
M - Tin BronzeP - Wear RingAp - ShipCd - Removed From Service
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+H2O solution Etched MacroDf - Casting Structure
Aspect "as received" of the seamless tube at the curved position, showing the longitudinal crack and corrosion products at the tube surface.
836
VIEW
ML00165 / Jul.2020
SCC of Aluminum Bronze Heating Coil
M - Aluminum BronzeP - Seamless tubeAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
The coasters present a handmake look. The grooves are of different sizes and the octogonal shape is irregular. The pieces presented a weight that suggested that the bright finish is a metallic coating, later identified by EDS analysis as silver coating, typical of a decorative plating.
452
VIEW
ML00156 / Jan.2020
Antique Silver Plated Decorative Piece
M - BrassP - Decorative PieceAp - OrnamentalCd - Non Destructive Examination
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Aspect of the CuZn platesheet where it is corroded (cooling medium side). The (hot) air cooler uses treated seawater as the cooling medium and the corroded regions are associated to the regions in the heat exchanger of higher temperatures, and the leakage occurred in regions of contact of the platesheet to cooper alloy tubes.
1167
VIEW
ML00125 / Mar.2018
Dezincification of a Cooler Tubesheet
M - BrassP - PlateAp - ShipCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Corrosion
The micrography of the transverse section shows coarse grains and biphasic structure. Alpha grains and a lamellar eutectoid structure can be observed in the material.
464
VIEW
ML00044 / Feb.2017
Centrifugally Cast CuAl Bushing
M - Aluminum BronzeP - Cast BushingAp - EngineCd - Removed From Service
Cm - NH4OH+H2O+H2O2 Etched MicroDf - Close to the External Surface
The micrography of the tube shows a granular structure and light deformation lines. No evidences of corrosion from the external surface (upper side of the figure) or internal surface (lower side of the figure).
440
VIEW
ML00043 / Apr.2017
CuNi Condenser Tube
M - CupronickelP - Seamless tubeAp - Heat ExchangerCd - Removed From Service
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+H2O Etched MicroDf - Longitudinal Section

More from these cases

ML00180 — Local Melting of Copper Cooling TubesM - Pure CopperP - Cooling TubeAp - SiderurgyCd - Overheating
View of the iinternal side of the tube (water side), deformed in the overheated area. There are several leaking points.
115
VIEW
ML00180 / Mar.2022
Local Melting of Copper Cooling Tubes
M - Pure CopperP - Cooling TubeAp - SiderurgyCd - Overheating
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Internal Surface
Macroscopic aspect after cutting longitudinally in two halfs, at the damaged area. The tube internal surface showed a red copper colour at the overheated region and the perforation is associated to longitudinal cracks.
104
VIEW
ML00180 / Mar.2022
Local Melting of Copper Cooling Tubes
M - Pure CopperP - Cooling TubeAp - SiderurgyCd - Overheating
Cm - Longitudinal Section AspectDf - Internal Surface
Detail of the perforation point, internal view. Aligned perforations in the overheated region and interconnected longitudinal cracks.
94
VIEW
ML00180 / Mar.2022
Local Melting of Copper Cooling Tubes
M - Pure CopperP - Cooling TubeAp - SiderurgyCd - Overheating
Cm - Longitudinal Section AspectDf - Leakage
Micrographic aspect of the tube out of the damaged region, in a longitudinal section, showing the grain refined copper structure.
96
VIEW
ML00180 / Mar.2022
Local Melting of Copper Cooling Tubes
M - Pure CopperP - Cooling TubeAp - SiderurgyCd - Overheating
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+H2O Etched MicroDf - In the Center of the Thickness
Micrographic detail of the granular copper structure, a little far from the overheated region.
102
VIEW
ML00180 / Mar.2022
Local Melting of Copper Cooling Tubes
M - Pure CopperP - Cooling TubeAp - SiderurgyCd - Overheating
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+H2O Etched MicroDf - Granular structure

+14 more from this case →

ML00170 — MIC in Aluminum Brass TubesM - Aluminum BrassP - Seamless tubeAp - MaritimeCd - Preferential Dissolution
Macrography of a transverse section of the tube close to the leakage point, evidencing a localized thinning from the internal side of the tube.
65
VIEW
ML00170 / Sep.2020
MIC in Aluminum Brass Tubes
M - Aluminum BrassP - Seamless tubeAp - MaritimeCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - Transverse Section AspectDf - Localized Thinning
Visual aspect of the internal side of the tube, after longitudinal cut, presenting regions where the internal layer is fully stained.
55
VIEW
ML00170 / Sep.2020
MIC in Aluminum Brass Tubes
M - Aluminum BrassP - Seamless tubeAp - MaritimeCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Internal Surface
Detailed aspect, by a low magnification microscope, of the internal side of the tube, after longitudinal cut. The tube, that is 1.6mm thick, presented several points of localized corrosion leading to leaks.
46
VIEW
ML00170 / Sep.2020
MIC in Aluminum Brass Tubes
M - Aluminum BrassP - Seamless tubeAp - MaritimeCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - Surface AspectDf - Localized Corrosion
Uniform granular microstructure of the aluminum brass, monophasic alpha.
44
VIEW
ML00170 / Sep.2020
MIC in Aluminum Brass Tubes
M - Aluminum BrassP - Seamless tubeAp - MaritimeCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+Ethanol Etched MicroDf - Alpha
Micrographic detail of the granular structure of the aluminum brass, monophasic alpha.
44
VIEW
ML00170 / Sep.2020
MIC in Aluminum Brass Tubes
M - Aluminum BrassP - Seamless tubeAp - MaritimeCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+Ethanol Etched MicroDf - Alpha

+10 more from this case →

ML00166 — Tin Bronze Wear Ring of Seawater PumpM - Tin BronzeP - Wear RingAp - ShipCd - Removed From Service
Low magnification micrography of a transverse section of the ring showing a dendritic structure.
64
VIEW
ML00166 / Jul.2020
Tin Bronze Wear Ring of Seawater Pump
M - Tin BronzeP - Wear RingAp - ShipCd - Removed From Service
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+H2O Etched MicroDf - Dendritic
Micrography of a transverse section of the ring showing a cored alpha structure with segregation at interdendritic regions. This structure is in a region close to the ring surface.
52
VIEW
ML00166 / Jul.2020
Tin Bronze Wear Ring of Seawater Pump
M - Tin BronzeP - Wear RingAp - ShipCd - Removed From Service
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+H2O Etched MicroDf - Dendritic
Micrography of a transverse section of the ring showing a cored alpha structure with strong segregation at interdendritic regions, and regions of a white structure at grain boundaries. This structure is in a region close to the center of the ring.
51
VIEW
ML00166 / Jul.2020
Tin Bronze Wear Ring of Seawater Pump
M - Tin BronzeP - Wear RingAp - ShipCd - Removed From Service
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+H2O Etched MicroDf - Dendritic
Micrographic detail of the cored alpha structure with light segregation at intergranular regions (light layer at grain boundaries), and a white euctetoid structure (alpha and delta) at interdendritic space. This structure is in a region close to the ring surface, where the solidification was quicker.
49
VIEW
ML00166 / Jul.2020
Tin Bronze Wear Ring of Seawater Pump
M - Tin BronzeP - Wear RingAp - ShipCd - Removed From Service
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+H2O Etched MicroDf - Grain boundary intermetallics
Micrographic detail of the cored alpha structure with strong segregation at intergranular regions (dark layer at grain boundaries), and a white euctetoid structure (alpha and delta) at interdendritic space. This structure is in a region close to the center of the ring, where the solidification was slower.
47
VIEW
ML00166 / Jul.2020
Tin Bronze Wear Ring of Seawater Pump
M - Tin BronzeP - Wear RingAp - ShipCd - Removed From Service
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+H2O Etched MicroDf - Grain boundary intermetallics

+2 more from this case →

ML00165 — SCC of Aluminum Bronze Heating CoilM - Aluminum BronzeP - Seamless tubeAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Aspect of the external tube surface after cleaning. It is possible to see that the cracks are longitudinal to the tube and localized in positions where the surface is corroded.
132
VIEW
ML00165 / Jul.2020
SCC of Aluminum Bronze Heating Coil
M - Aluminum BronzeP - Seamless tubeAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Surface AspectDf - External Surface
Aspect of the internal tube surface after a longitudinal cut, without cleaning. It is possible to see a clean surface inside the tube.
104
VIEW
ML00165 / Jul.2020
SCC of Aluminum Bronze Heating Coil
M - Aluminum BronzeP - Seamless tubeAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Surface AspectDf - Internal Surface
Micrography of the tranverse section of the tube, in the center of the thickness. There are small grains and large grains, characterizing a dual grain size. The large grains size is about 100 microns, more than 10 times larger than the average size of the smaller grains size.
101
VIEW
ML00165 / Jul.2020
SCC of Aluminum Bronze Heating Coil
M - Aluminum BronzeP - Seamless tubeAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+H2O Etched MicroDf - Dual grain sizes
Micrographic detail of the alpha microstructure presenting dual grain sizes. Two different types of twins are presented in the structure: annealing twins and deformation twins, suggesting that the material was probably partially recristalized after cold deformation and stress relief treatment.
87
VIEW
ML00165 / Jul.2020
SCC of Aluminum Bronze Heating Coil
M - Aluminum BronzeP - Seamless tubeAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+H2O Etched MicroDf - Alpha
Micrography of a transverse section of the bent tube, external surface (OD) to the top and internal surface (ID) to the bottom of the figure. At the through wall cracking position, the external surface presented a layer of intergranular corrosion.
95
VIEW
ML00165 / Jul.2020
SCC of Aluminum Bronze Heating Coil
M - Aluminum BronzeP - Seamless tubeAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Cracking

+12 more from this case →

ML00156 — Antique Silver Plated Decorative PieceM - BrassP - Decorative PieceAp - OrnamentalCd - Non Destructive Examination
Piece that was analysed by non destructive tests. Octogonal shape. Two irregular grooves. The coaster was manufactured in a cooper alloy substrate and a metallic coating. The analysis to reveal the substrate microstructure was conducted on the back of the part, in a non destructive preparation, that included light grinding, polishing and etching.
61
VIEW
ML00156 / Jan.2020
Antique Silver Plated Decorative Piece
M - BrassP - Decorative PieceAp - OrnamentalCd - Non Destructive Examination
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Light grinding the back of the coaster. The surface was only partially ground, removing the metallic coating, and exposing the substrate, that appeared yellow indicating the manufacturing in a cooper alloy.
63
VIEW
ML00156 / Jan.2020
Antique Silver Plated Decorative Piece
M - BrassP - Decorative PieceAp - OrnamentalCd - Non Destructive Examination
Cm - Preparation TechniqueDf - General View
Aspect of the back of the coaster after grinding. The coating was partially removed. The chemical analysis was conducted in the ground part to obtain the composition of the substrate, that showed to be a yellow brass alloy. It is interesting to note that the alloy presented 2.3% lead.
63
VIEW
ML00156 / Jan.2020
Antique Silver Plated Decorative Piece
M - BrassP - Decorative PieceAp - OrnamentalCd - Non Destructive Examination
Cm - Preparation TechniqueDf - At the Surface
Back of the coaster showing the region that was prepared for the non destructive analysis. It was ground and polished (the coating was removed), showing the yellow aspect of the substrate, in the left bottom part of the image.
64
VIEW
ML00156 / Jan.2020
Antique Silver Plated Decorative Piece
M - BrassP - Decorative PieceAp - OrnamentalCd - Non Destructive Examination
Cm - As polishedDf - General View
Image presenting the back of the coaster where the microstructure of the substrate was identified. The composition of the brass (about 35% Zn) indicates that the expected structure is alpha plus beta. The front of the coaster presents two grooves which surface morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy.
65
VIEW
ML00156 / Jan.2020
Antique Silver Plated Decorative Piece
M - BrassP - Decorative PieceAp - OrnamentalCd - Non Destructive Examination
Cm - Surface AspectDf - General View

+10 more from this case →

ML00125 — Dezincification of a Cooler TubesheetM - BrassP - PlateAp - ShipCd - Preferential Dissolution
Micrography of a transverse section of the platesheet presenting a duplex structure, alpha (light yellow) and beta (orange) phases.
214
VIEW
ML00125 / Mar.2018
Dezincification of a Cooler Tubesheet
M - BrassP - PlateAp - ShipCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+Ethanol Etched MicroDf - Alpha and Beta
Aspect of the tubesheet after removal of the cooper alloy tubes and water cleaning. The corrosion is more intense in the regions of tube connection.
176
VIEW
ML00125 / Mar.2018
Dezincification of a Cooler Tubesheet
M - BrassP - PlateAp - ShipCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - Surface AspectDf - Corrosion
Transverse section of the tubesheet, after removal of the tubes. The seawater sie is to the top of the figure. It is possible to see regions of localized corrosion close to the tube position and a red layer all through the plate surface.
182
VIEW
ML00125 / Mar.2018
Dezincification of a Cooler Tubesheet
M - BrassP - PlateAp - ShipCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - Transverse Section AspectDf - Corrosion
Macrographic detail of the transverse section of the tubesheet at the cooper alloy tube position, after removal of the 5/8" tube. The red layer at the top of the plate (exposed to the cooling medium - treated seawater) is a region of selective corrosion, dezincification.
169
VIEW
ML00125 / Mar.2018
Dezincification of a Cooler Tubesheet
M - BrassP - PlateAp - ShipCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - Transverse Section AspectDf - Corrosion
Macrographic detail of the transverse section of the tubesheet at the cooper alloy tube position, after removal of the 5/8" tube. The "layer" at the top of the plate (exposed to the cooling medium - treated seawater) is a region of selective corrosion, dezincification. It is possible to see that in the right side of the figure, where the cooper tube was positioned, the corrosion damage is deeper.
153
VIEW
ML00125 / Mar.2018
Dezincification of a Cooler Tubesheet
M - BrassP - PlateAp - ShipCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - Transverse Section AspectDf - Dezincification

+13 more from this case →

ML00044 — Centrifugally Cast CuAl BushingM - Aluminum BronzeP - Cast BushingAp - EngineCd - Removed From Service
Micrographic detail of the structure at the external surface.
58
VIEW
ML00044 / Feb.2017
Centrifugally Cast CuAl Bushing
M - Aluminum BronzeP - Cast BushingAp - EngineCd - Removed From Service
Cm - NH4OH+H2O+H2O2 Etched MicroDf - Close to the External Surface
The micrography of the transverse section shows coarse grains and biphasic structure. No diferentes close to the internal surface. Alpha grains and a lamellar eutectoid structure can be observed in the material.
46
VIEW
ML00044 / Feb.2017
Centrifugally Cast CuAl Bushing
M - Aluminum BronzeP - Cast BushingAp - EngineCd - Removed From Service
Cm - NH4OH+H2O+H2O2 Etched MicroDf - Close to the Internal Surface
Micrographic detail of the structure at the internal surface.
38
VIEW
ML00044 / Feb.2017
Centrifugally Cast CuAl Bushing
M - Aluminum BronzeP - Cast BushingAp - EngineCd - Removed From Service
Cm - NH4OH+H2O+H2O2 Etched MicroDf - Close to the Internal Surface
Detail of the structure in the center of the thickness. Alpha grains and lamellar eutectoid structure.
28
VIEW
ML00044 / Feb.2017
Centrifugally Cast CuAl Bushing
M - Aluminum BronzeP - Cast BushingAp - EngineCd - Removed From Service
Cm - NH4OH+H2O+H2O2 Etched MicroDf - In the Center of the Thickness
The macrography of the transverse section shows the columnar grains typical of a centrifugally cast material. The etch is the same as the adopted for the micrographies. The bushing thickness is 1/2".
41
VIEW
ML00044 / Feb.2017
Centrifugally Cast CuAl Bushing
M - Aluminum BronzeP - Cast BushingAp - EngineCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Transverse Section AspectDf - Columnar Grains
ML00043 — CuNi Condenser TubeM - CupronickelP - Seamless tubeAp - Heat ExchangerCd - Removed From Service
The material structure is monophasic.
110
VIEW
ML00043 / Apr.2017
CuNi Condenser Tube
M - CupronickelP - Seamless tubeAp - Heat ExchangerCd - Removed From Service
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+H2O Etched MicroDf - Single phase
The material structure is similar all through the thickness and there are no evidencies of corrosion at the surfaces.
89
VIEW
ML00043 / Apr.2017
CuNi Condenser Tube
M - CupronickelP - Seamless tubeAp - Heat ExchangerCd - Removed From Service
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+H2O solution Etched MacroDf - At the Surface
Detail of the structure at the surface.
79
VIEW
ML00043 / Apr.2017
CuNi Condenser Tube
M - CupronickelP - Seamless tubeAp - Heat ExchangerCd - Removed From Service
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+H2O Etched MicroDf - At the Surface