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Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

43 images

TryOil and GasML00135corrosionSubseaML00037brittle fractureTempered Martensiteductile behaviorAustenitefatigueDamagehydrogenSampling and Analysisfractureembrittlementstress corrosion
Product: Finished Product Capture method: NItal Etched Macro clear all
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Material

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P

Product

96 classified

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Ap

Application

37 classified

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C

Condition

84 classified

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Cm

Capture method

52 classified

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Df

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208 classified

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Microstructure57
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The Materials
Image Database

43 images
Macrography of a transverse section of a sound tooth, presenting a carburized layer of about 3 mm depth.
87
VIEW
ML00181 / Apr.2022
Wear of a Carburized Hypoid Gear
M - Low Alloy for Thermochemical TreatmentP - Pinion-crown assemblyAp - ShipCd - Wear
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Carburized Layer
Macrography of the longitudinal section of the valve body, at the cracked position close to the actuator hole. The valve body is 40 mm thick and at this position it is possible to see that there are two regions where the body was welded, close to the inner surface (bottom) and at the close to the outer surface (top). The through wall crack presented a branch aspect close to the repair in the ID and a straight aspect when propagating from the repair.
55
VIEW
ML00162 / Apr.2020
Valve Body Crack Growth from Weld Defects
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Valve BodyAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Fatigue Induced by a Defect
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Weld Repair
Macrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe at the fracture position, in the thicker thickness. The external side of the pipe (OD) is to the rigth side of the figure, and the internal side of the pipe is to the left of the figure. There are several secondary cracks, opened to the OD, created during bending.
37
VIEW
ML00159 / Mar.2020
Collapse of a Drill Pipe
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Ductile Behavior
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Plastic Deformation
Macrography of a wheel section close to the tread, where the material receives a localized surface hardening by quenching and tempering. The average hardness at the surface is 346HB and in the center is 196HB. The wheel was in operation for a long time and the analyzed part is at the wheel tread.
902
VIEW
ML00158 / Feb.2020
Surface Hardened Carbon Steel Wheel
M - High Carbon SteelP - WheelAp - TransportationCd - Removed From Service
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Transverse Section
Macrography of a typical corroded wire in a longitudinal section, showing loss of thickness by corrosion.
75
VIEW
ML00155 / Jan.2020
Failure of a Prestressed Concrete Steel Strand
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - StructureCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Corrosion
Macrography of a longitudinal section of the crankshaft showing the rod bearing in the center (the rod is 54mm diameter), as well as two main bearings in both lateral sides. It is possible to see that the surface was heat treated and the hardened layer is about 3mm deep from the surface.
100
VIEW
ML00154 / Jan.2019
High Strength Cast Iron Crankshaft
M - Nodular Cast IronP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Surface treatment
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Longitudinal Section
The longitudinal section of the shaft shows a coarse structure. Only very close to the surface the structure is slightly refined.
99
VIEW
ML00152 / Dec.2018
Low Alloy Steel Pump Shaft
M - High Strength Low AlloyP - ShaftAp - Oil and GasCd - Removed From Service
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Longitudinal Section
Macrography of a transverse section of the 8" pipe, cut exactly in the middle of the lateral 2" branch line, showing the through thickness crack initiated at the margin of the weld, in the upper part of the pipe.
64
VIEW
ML00149 / Dec.2018
Vibration Induced Fatigue in a Gas Piping
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Piping spoolAp - FPSOCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Welded Joint

More from these cases

ML00162 — Valve Body Crack Growth from Weld DefectsM - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Valve BodyAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Fatigue Induced by a Defect
Macrographic detail of the cracked position close to the actuator hole. The through wall crack presented a branch aspect in the weld metal, that is the original defect created during welding, and a straight aspect when propagating from the repair.
27
VIEW
ML00162 / Apr.2020
Valve Body Crack Growth from Weld Defects
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Valve BodyAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Fatigue Induced by a Defect
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Hot cracking
Macrographic detail of the longitudinal section of the valve body, at the cracked position, a little far from the actuator hole. There is a straight crack, transverse to the thickness that clearly propagated by fatigue mechanism, from the region where the welding defects were created.
27
VIEW
ML00162 / Apr.2020
Valve Body Crack Growth from Weld Defects
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Valve BodyAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Fatigue Induced by a Defect
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Fatigue Crack
Valve Body Crack Growth from Weld Defects
2
VIEW
ML00162 / Apr.2020
Valve Body Crack Growth from Weld Defects
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Valve BodyAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Fatigue Induced by a Defect
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Crack
Valve Body Crack Growth from Weld Defects
1
VIEW
ML00162 / Apr.2020
Valve Body Crack Growth from Weld Defects
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Valve BodyAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Fatigue Induced by a Defect
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Fatigue Crack
ML00159 — Collapse of a Drill PipeM - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Ductile Behavior
Macrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe at the fracture position, in the thinner thickness. The external side of the pipe (OD) is to the left side of the figure, and the internal side of the pipe is to the rigth of the figure. The fracture occurred by shearing the pipe in a single event (probably due to tensile stresses during removal).
37
VIEW
ML00159 / Mar.2020
Collapse of a Drill Pipe
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Ductile Behavior
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Ductile Fracture
Macrographic detail of the longitudinal section of the pipe at the fracture position, in the thicker thickness. The several secondary cracks, opened to the OD, were created during bending and shows evidences of compression, responsible for the increase in the pipe thickness.
33
VIEW
ML00159 / Mar.2020
Collapse of a Drill Pipe
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Ductile Behavior
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Ductile Fracture
Macrographic detail of a longitudinal section of the pipe at the fracture position, in the thinner thickness. The external side of the pipe (OD) is to the left in the figure, and the internal side of the pipe is to the rigth in the figure. The fracture occurred by shearing the pipe in a single event (probably due to tensile stresses during removal).
24
VIEW
ML00159 / Mar.2020
Collapse of a Drill Pipe
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Ductile Behavior
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Ductile Fracture
ML00158 — Surface Hardened Carbon Steel WheelM - High Carbon SteelP - WheelAp - TransportationCd - Removed From Service
Macrography of a wheel section close to the tread, where the material receives a localized surface hardening by quenching and tempering. The average hardness at the surface is 346HB and in the center is 196HB. The wheel was in operation for a long time and the analyzed part is at the wheel tread.
1
VIEW
ML00158 / Feb.2020
Surface Hardened Carbon Steel Wheel
M - High Carbon SteelP - WheelAp - TransportationCd - Removed From Service
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Transverse Section
ML00155 — Failure of a Prestressed Concrete Steel StrandM - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - StructureCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Macrography of one wire that was fully cracked, in a longitudial section. The morphology shows multiple corrosion-fatigue cracking.
62
VIEW
ML00155 / Jan.2020
Failure of a Prestressed Concrete Steel Strand
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - StructureCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Multiple cracks
Macrography of one wire that was overloaded, showing localized necking and large plastic deformation close to the fracture. This kind of fracture occurred for about 25% of the broken wires.
50
VIEW
ML00155 / Jan.2020
Failure of a Prestressed Concrete Steel Strand
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - StructureCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Ductile Fracture
Failure of a Prestressed Concrete Steel Strand
2
VIEW
ML00155 / Jan.2020
Failure of a Prestressed Concrete Steel Strand
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - StructureCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Corrosion
Failure of a Prestressed Concrete Steel Strand
3
VIEW
ML00155 / Jan.2020
Failure of a Prestressed Concrete Steel Strand
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - StructureCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Longitudinal Section
ML00154 — High Strength Cast Iron CrankshaftM - Nodular Cast IronP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Surface treatment
Macrographic detail of the hardened layer, about 3mm deep from the surface. Important to observe that the bearing is not heat treated in the radius, only in the contact area. The hardness at the surface is 430HV and the hardness in the base metal is 260HV.
100
VIEW
ML00154 / Jan.2019
High Strength Cast Iron Crankshaft
M - Nodular Cast IronP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Surface treatment
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Surface Layer
ML00149 — Vibration Induced Fatigue in a Gas PipingM - Low Carbon SteelP - Piping spoolAp - FPSOCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Macrography of the 8" pipe, welded to a 2" fitting (weldolet), welded to a 2" flange. The branch line was operating in this position (horizontal line with a lateral branch) and the through thickness fatigue crack is associated to the margin of the weld in the upper part of the pipe.
50
VIEW
ML00149 / Dec.2018
Vibration Induced Fatigue in a Gas Piping
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Piping spoolAp - FPSOCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Cracking
Macrography of a section tranverse to the pipe and to the weld between the 8"pipe and the 2" fitting weldolet. The crack starts exactly at the margin of the weld, in a geometric stress concentration raiser, in a position where it growths in the pipe longitudinal direction, and propagates in a straight line, not related to any metallurgical aspect.
41
VIEW
ML00149 / Dec.2018
Vibration Induced Fatigue in a Gas Piping
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Piping spoolAp - FPSOCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Margin of the Weld Crack
Macrography of a section tranverse to the pipe and to the weld between the 8"pipe and the 2" fitting weldolet. The crack starts exactly at the margin of the weld, in a geometric stress concentration raiser, in a position where it growths in the pipe longitudinal direction, and propagates in a straight line, not related to any metallurgical aspect.
33
VIEW
ML00149 / Dec.2018
Vibration Induced Fatigue in a Gas Piping
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Piping spoolAp - FPSOCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Fatigue Crack

View all 43 images in the Atlas →

most recent

The location of the threaded fitting started leaking after less than five years in service. Although the corrosion rate was not high, the localized material loss in the threaded surface of the carbon steel flange allowed the connection leakage.
769
VIEW
ML00184 / Apr.2023
Dissimilar Steels in a Threaded Connection
M - Low Carbon SteelP - ForgingAp - OffshoreCd - Localized Dissolution
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Front wheel 17 x 7J of a passenger vehicle (identified as WHEEL 1) that broke during a car accident on a road.
1644
VIEW
ML00183 / Dec.2022
Ductile Behavior of an Aluminum Wheel
M - Aluminum Silicon MagnesiumP - CastingAp - AutomotiveCd - Ductile Behavior
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Tool fixture 5" long, nominal diameter 2", presenting a recess 1/2" deep from two sides. The rupture occurred about 2" from the end of the rod. Scale in milimeters.
523
VIEW
ML00182 / Jul.2022
Brittle Fracture of a LAS Fixing Rod
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - StemAp - Mechanical IndustryCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Pinion of hypoid gearbox, assembled in a 1560-mm long shaft that operated during more than 60,000 hours, and removed from service due to unacceptable wear damage.
1028
VIEW
ML00181 / Apr.2022
Wear of a Carburized Hypoid Gear
M - Low Alloy for Thermochemical TreatmentP - Pinion-crown assemblyAp - ShipCd - Wear
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Aspect of the 3 1/2" diameter tube after the water leakage in high temperature.
962
VIEW
ML00180 / Mar.2022
Local Melting of Copper Cooling Tubes
M - Pure CopperP - Cooling TubeAp - SiderurgyCd - Overheating
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
2" drain line from the main 10" line. The leakage occurred at the margin of the weld, a short time after the introduction of the reinforced ribs to reduce vibration.
641
VIEW
ML00179 / Feb.2022
Hydrides in Titanium Weld
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - In Field WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Field photoDf - General View
The drilling connector, 21" diameter, presented a crack at the margin of the weld in the forging side (left side of the weld in the figure).
744
VIEW
ML00178 / Jan.2022
Cold cracks in Cr-Mo Welded Forging
M - CrMo SteelP - ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Macrography of the longitudinally seam weld of the 24" diameter tube, showing that it was welded from both sides and there is a segregation line in the center of the tube thickness.
737
VIEW
ML00177 / Dec.2021
Cr-Mo Seam Welded Tube
M - CrMo SteelP - Longitudinally Seam WeldedAp - Fired HeaterCd - Not according to spec
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Seam
The titanium rotor blade of a flowmeter broke after two years in service in an acid environment, containing H2S.
339
VIEW
ML00176 / Nov.2021
Hydride Formation in a Titanium Blade
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - BladeAp - Oil and GasCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Aspect of the wire rope, 1 1/2" diameter, presenting regions of flattened areas at the surface of the outer wires. It is a 6 x 19 Seale construction, right regular lay.
552
VIEW
ML00175 / Aug.2021
Localized External Wear of a Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Wear
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
The carcass was manufactured using niobium stabilized plates, grade AISI 347, with circumferential welds, where the through wall cracks were detected.
300
VIEW
ML00174 / Jul.2021
Carburization of a 347 SS Welded Joint
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - EnergyCd - Carburization
Cm - Field photoDf - General View
Aged microstructure of the HP stainless steel, modified with 1%Nb, cast fitting, tubular, operating for 6 years in a furnace which design temperature is 1100°C. The material presented a network of primary carbides, white and grey, and an austenitic matrix with coalescing secondary precipitation. Some voids. The Vickers identation indicates a hardness value about 260HV 100g in the aged austenitic matrix.
491
VIEW
ML00173 / May.2021
Welding Cracks in an Aged HP Cast Fitting
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Cast FtittingAp - PetrochemicalCd - Welding
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Microhardness identations

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