THE MATERIALS ATLAS.
DISCOVER IT.

About the atlas

Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

58 images

TryOil and GasML00131corrosionO&G Well DrillingML00011brittle fractureAusteniteductile behaviorFerritic pearliticfatigueDamagehydrogenSampling and Analysisfractureembrittlementstress corrosion
Product: Raw Material Condition: Damage Capture method: As polished micrography clear all
M

Material

79 classified

Browse all Material →
P

Product

96 classified

Browse all Product →
Ap

Application

37 classified

Browse all Application →
C

Condition

84 classified

Browse all Condition →
Cm

Capture method

52 classified

Browse all Capture method →
Df

Detail focus

208 classified

Browse all Detail focus →

Sharpest next filters

Browse by category (2)
Microstructure60
+52 more

and 12 more not shown here — refine in the Atlas

Standard135
+127 more

and 87 more not shown here — refine in the Atlas

The Materials
Image Database

58 images
Micrography of a transverse section of the bent tube, external surface (OD) to the top and internal surface (ID) to the bottom of the figure. At the through wall cracking position, the external surface presented a layer of intergranular corrosion.
95
VIEW
ML00165 / Jul.2020
SCC of Aluminum Bronze Heating Coil
M - Aluminum BronzeP - Seamless tubeAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Cracking
The internal side of the tube presented multiple cracks, filled with oxides, blunt-tipped, typical of a corrosion fatigue cracking mechanism.
160
VIEW
ML00163 / Jun.2020
Corrosion Fatigue of a Boiler Waterwall Tube
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - BoilerCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Parallel cracks
Micrographic detail of the plate section, as polished, close to the surface that suffered the impact. The plate material deformed during the perforation,
31
VIEW
ML00143 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 Plate
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Transverse Section
Micrography of the plate section, as polished, close to the surface that suffered the impact. No evidences of damage.
26
VIEW
ML00142 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on AR500 Plate
M - Low Alloy Wear ResistantP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - At the Surface
Micrographic aspect, as polished, of the cast cylinder section at the fracture position (top of the figure), close to the internal surface (left side). It is possible to see large graphite flakes.
98
VIEW
ML00141 / Jul.2018
Brittle Fracture of a Corroded Gray Cast Iron
M - Gray Cast ironP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Close to the Internal Surface
Micrography of the cracking parallel to the fracture, as polished. The fracture is branched, there are several secondary cracks, with a clear intergranular morphology.
65
VIEW
ML00138 / Jun.2018
Liquid Metal Embrittlement of a HSLA Steel
M - High Strength Low AlloyP - Coated ProductAp - Mechanical IndustryCd - Liquid Metal Embrittlement
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Cracking
Micrography of the transverse section of the platesheet at the interface between the corroded and the non-corroded regions. The micrography is in the as polished condition.
140
VIEW
ML00125 / Mar.2018
Dezincification of a Cooler Tubesheet
M - BrassP - PlateAp - ShipCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Preferential Dissolution
Micrography of a transverse section of the ring, at the pitting position, as polished, showing that there are intergranular cracks and the martensitic structure is corroded (chemical dissolution) inside the pitting.
33
VIEW
ML00124 / Feb.2018
MIC of a Martensitic Valve Ring
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - ForgingAp - EnergyCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Corrosion

More from these cases

ML00165 — SCC of Aluminum Bronze Heating CoilM - Aluminum BronzeP - Seamless tubeAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Micrographic detail of the external side of the bent tube, as polished, showing detachement of several grains due to the intergranular corrosion layer. The corroded layer is about 200 microns thick at this position.
89
VIEW
ML00165 / Jul.2020
SCC of Aluminum Bronze Heating Coil
M - Aluminum BronzeP - Seamless tubeAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Intergranular Corrosion
Micrographic detail of the external side of the tube, showing the layer of intergranular corrosion and the through ewall integranular stress corrosion cracking.
88
VIEW
ML00165 / Jul.2020
SCC of Aluminum Bronze Heating Coil
M - Aluminum BronzeP - Seamless tubeAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Through Wall Cracking
ML00163 — Corrosion Fatigue of a Boiler Waterwall TubeM - Low Carbon SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - BoilerCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Micrographic detail of the corrosion cracking from internal side of the tube, in several points at the tube surface.
156
VIEW
ML00163 / Jun.2020
Corrosion Fatigue of a Boiler Waterwall Tube
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - BoilerCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Corrosion Cracking
Corrosion Fatigue of a Boiler Waterwall Tube
4
VIEW
ML00163 / Jun.2020
Corrosion Fatigue of a Boiler Waterwall Tube
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - BoilerCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Crack
ML00143 — Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 PlateM - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Micrographic detail of the plate section, as polished, close to the surface that suffered the impact. The copper alloy melted and created a yellow-orange deposit.
25
VIEW
ML00143 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 Plate
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Melted film
Micrographic detail of the plate section, as polished, close to the surface that suffered the impact. The copper alloy melted and created a yellow-orange deposit.
26
VIEW
ML00143 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 Plate
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Melted film
Micrography of the damaged plate at the side of the bullet impact, top of the figure. The perforated hole expulsed the material to the top and bottom directions and the copper alloy is evident at the hole surface.
21
VIEW
ML00143 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 Plate
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Low Mag
Jagged, torn material boundary at the perforation edge, consistent with localized shear deformation from projectile penetration.
21
VIEW
ML00143 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 Plate
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Transverse Section
ML00142 — Impact of a .308 Winchester on AR500 PlateM - Low Alloy Wear ResistantP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Micrography of the plate section, as polished, close to the surface that suffered the impact. At this magnification it is possible to see a deposit over the plate surface, but no evidences of damage in the plate.
25
VIEW
ML00142 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on AR500 Plate
M - Low Alloy Wear ResistantP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - At the Surface
Micrographic detail of the plate section, as polished, close to the surface that suffered the impact. The deposits at the surface are the melted bullet films.
23
VIEW
ML00142 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on AR500 Plate
M - Low Alloy Wear ResistantP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - At the Surface
Micrographic detail of the plate section, as polished, close to the surface that suffered the impact. The orange is the copper alloy melted film.
21
VIEW
ML00142 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on AR500 Plate
M - Low Alloy Wear ResistantP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - At the Surface
Micrographic detail of the plate section, as polished, close to the surface that suffered the impact. The lead alloy melted and formed this gray deposit.
20
VIEW
ML00142 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on AR500 Plate
M - Low Alloy Wear ResistantP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - At the Surface
ML00141 — Brittle Fracture of a Corroded Gray Cast IronM - Gray Cast ironP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Brittle Fracture
Micrographic aspect, as polished, of the cast cylinder section at the fracture position (top of the figure), in the center of the thickness. It is possible to see a mixture of large graphite flakes and rosette grouping flakes.
80
VIEW
ML00141 / Jul.2018
Brittle Fracture of a Corroded Gray Cast Iron
M - Gray Cast ironP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - In the Center of the Thickness
Micrographic aspect, as polished, of the cast cylinder section at the fracture position (top of the figure), close to the external surface (left side). It is possible to see smaller graphite flakes, interdendritic .
79
VIEW
ML00141 / Jul.2018
Brittle Fracture of a Corroded Gray Cast Iron
M - Gray Cast ironP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Close to the External Surface
Micrography of the corroded surface of the cast cylinder, with 0.5 mm penetrations, showing that the graphites are interconnected and create a notch morphology, critical for a material that presents 1% ductility.
31
VIEW
ML00141 / Jul.2018
Brittle Fracture of a Corroded Gray Cast Iron
M - Gray Cast ironP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Close to the Internal Surface
Micrographic detail of the corroded surface of the cast cylinder, with interconnected graphites and a notch effect.
30
VIEW
ML00141 / Jul.2018
Brittle Fracture of a Corroded Gray Cast Iron
M - Gray Cast ironP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Corrosion
Micrographic detail of the painted external surface of the cast cylinder.
26
VIEW
ML00141 / Jul.2018
Brittle Fracture of a Corroded Gray Cast Iron
M - Gray Cast ironP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Close to the External Surface

+1 more from this case →

ML00138 — Liquid Metal Embrittlement of a HSLA SteelM - High Strength Low AlloyP - Coated ProductAp - Mechanical IndustryCd - Liquid Metal Embrittlement
Micrographic detail of the branch cracking parallel to the fracture, as polished, showing that the cracks are filled with zinc.
62
VIEW
ML00138 / Jun.2018
Liquid Metal Embrittlement of a HSLA Steel
M - High Strength Low AlloyP - Coated ProductAp - Mechanical IndustryCd - Liquid Metal Embrittlement
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Secondary Cracks
Micrographic detail of the branch cracking parallel to the fracture, as polished, showing that the cracks are filled with zinc.
48
VIEW
ML00138 / Jun.2018
Liquid Metal Embrittlement of a HSLA Steel
M - High Strength Low AlloyP - Coated ProductAp - Mechanical IndustryCd - Liquid Metal Embrittlement
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Zn Layer
ML00125 — Dezincification of a Cooler TubesheetM - BrassP - PlateAp - ShipCd - Preferential Dissolution
Micrography of the transverse section of the platesheet showing that part of the material (right side in the top of the figure) was lost (corroded).
129
VIEW
ML00125 / Mar.2018
Dezincification of a Cooler Tubesheet
M - BrassP - PlateAp - ShipCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Preferential Dissolution
Micrographic detail of the dezincification effect, where the beta phase is preferentially corroded, leaving a cooper rich phase (red) that is porous and easily cracks.
121
VIEW
ML00125 / Mar.2018
Dezincification of a Cooler Tubesheet
M - BrassP - PlateAp - ShipCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Dezincification
Micrographic detail of the dezincification effect, where the beta phase is preferentially corroded, leaving a cooper rich phase (red) that is porous and easily cracks.
130
VIEW
ML00125 / Mar.2018
Dezincification of a Cooler Tubesheet
M - BrassP - PlateAp - ShipCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Cracks
Micrography showing detachment of material at the surface of the platesheet. The cracks are associated to the dezincification effect, where the beta phase was preferentially corroded and became a weak porous layer.
113
VIEW
ML00125 / Mar.2018
Dezincification of a Cooler Tubesheet
M - BrassP - PlateAp - ShipCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Crack
Micrography presenting the interface between the layer where the dezincification occurred (top of the figure) and the region where the material was not yet corroded (bottom of the figure).
86
VIEW
ML00125 / Mar.2018
Dezincification of a Cooler Tubesheet
M - BrassP - PlateAp - ShipCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Dezincification
ML00124 — MIC of a Martensitic Valve RingM - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - ForgingAp - EnergyCd - Brittle Behavior
Micrographic detail of a transverse section of the ring, showing the corroded martensitic structure (chemical dissolution) inside the pitting.
32
VIEW
ML00124 / Feb.2018
MIC of a Martensitic Valve Ring
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - ForgingAp - EnergyCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Corrosion
Micrographic detail of a transverse section of the ring, showing the corroded martensitic structure (chemical dissolution) inside the pitting.
33
VIEW
ML00124 / Feb.2018
MIC of a Martensitic Valve Ring
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - ForgingAp - EnergyCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Intergranular Cracking

View all 58 images in the Atlas →

most recent

The location of the threaded fitting started leaking after less than five years in service. Although the corrosion rate was not high, the localized material loss in the threaded surface of the carbon steel flange allowed the connection leakage.
769
VIEW
ML00184 / Apr.2023
Dissimilar Steels in a Threaded Connection
M - Low Carbon SteelP - ForgingAp - OffshoreCd - Localized Dissolution
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Front wheel 17 x 7J of a passenger vehicle (identified as WHEEL 1) that broke during a car accident on a road.
1644
VIEW
ML00183 / Dec.2022
Ductile Behavior of an Aluminum Wheel
M - Aluminum Silicon MagnesiumP - CastingAp - AutomotiveCd - Ductile Behavior
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Tool fixture 5" long, nominal diameter 2", presenting a recess 1/2" deep from two sides. The rupture occurred about 2" from the end of the rod. Scale in milimeters.
523
VIEW
ML00182 / Jul.2022
Brittle Fracture of a LAS Fixing Rod
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - StemAp - Mechanical IndustryCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Pinion of hypoid gearbox, assembled in a 1560-mm long shaft that operated during more than 60,000 hours, and removed from service due to unacceptable wear damage.
1028
VIEW
ML00181 / Apr.2022
Wear of a Carburized Hypoid Gear
M - Low Alloy for Thermochemical TreatmentP - Pinion-crown assemblyAp - ShipCd - Wear
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Aspect of the 3 1/2" diameter tube after the water leakage in high temperature.
963
VIEW
ML00180 / Mar.2022
Local Melting of Copper Cooling Tubes
M - Pure CopperP - Cooling TubeAp - SiderurgyCd - Overheating
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
2" drain line from the main 10" line. The leakage occurred at the margin of the weld, a short time after the introduction of the reinforced ribs to reduce vibration.
641
VIEW
ML00179 / Feb.2022
Hydrides in Titanium Weld
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - In Field WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Field photoDf - General View
The drilling connector, 21" diameter, presented a crack at the margin of the weld in the forging side (left side of the weld in the figure).
745
VIEW
ML00178 / Jan.2022
Cold cracks in Cr-Mo Welded Forging
M - CrMo SteelP - ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Macrography of the longitudinally seam weld of the 24" diameter tube, showing that it was welded from both sides and there is a segregation line in the center of the tube thickness.
737
VIEW
ML00177 / Dec.2021
Cr-Mo Seam Welded Tube
M - CrMo SteelP - Longitudinally Seam WeldedAp - Fired HeaterCd - Not according to spec
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Seam
The titanium rotor blade of a flowmeter broke after two years in service in an acid environment, containing H2S.
339
VIEW
ML00176 / Nov.2021
Hydride Formation in a Titanium Blade
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - BladeAp - Oil and GasCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Aspect of the wire rope, 1 1/2" diameter, presenting regions of flattened areas at the surface of the outer wires. It is a 6 x 19 Seale construction, right regular lay.
553
VIEW
ML00175 / Aug.2021
Localized External Wear of a Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Wear
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
The carcass was manufactured using niobium stabilized plates, grade AISI 347, with circumferential welds, where the through wall cracks were detected.
303
VIEW
ML00174 / Jul.2021
Carburization of a 347 SS Welded Joint
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - EnergyCd - Carburization
Cm - Field photoDf - General View
Aged microstructure of the HP stainless steel, modified with 1%Nb, cast fitting, tubular, operating for 6 years in a furnace which design temperature is 1100°C. The material presented a network of primary carbides, white and grey, and an austenitic matrix with coalescing secondary precipitation. Some voids. The Vickers identation indicates a hardness value about 260HV 100g in the aged austenitic matrix.
492
VIEW
ML00173 / May.2021
Welding Cracks in an Aged HP Cast Fitting
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Cast FtittingAp - PetrochemicalCd - Welding
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Microhardness identations

Partners

Companies involved

TECMETAL