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Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

106 images

TryFerritic pearliticML00147corrosionAlphaML00184brittle fractureDamageductile behaviorRemoved From ServicefatigueFinished ProducthydrogenRaw Materialfractureembrittlementstress corrosion
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M

Material

79 classified

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P

Product

96 classified

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Ap

Application

37 classified

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C

Condition

84 classified

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Cm

Capture method

52 classified

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Df

Detail focus

208 classified

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Microstructure15
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Standard22
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The Materials
Image Database

106 images
Aspect of a flared tubing, cold deformed at 37°, and the circumferential cracking.
483
VIEW
ML00167 / Aug.2020
Fatigue of a Flared Tubing Connection
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - TubingAp - EngineCd - Mechanical Fatigue
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
General view of the nodular cast iron crankshaft, 240 mm long, in process of heat treatment. The main and rod bearings, 54 mm diameter, are heat treated by localized quenching and tempering.
1018
VIEW
ML00154 / Jan.2019
High Strength Cast Iron Crankshaft
M - Nodular Cast IronP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Surface treatment
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Fractured position of the casting cylinder of 10.5 mm thickness (minimum measured thickness) showing a brittle behavior (lack of plastic deformation), typical of overloading a material with 1% ductility (measured in the tensile test). This is the view of the internal surface of the cylinder, presenting regions of localized thinning in this surface that was in contact with (treated) cooling water. The external side of the cylinder was painted.
918
VIEW
ML00141 / Jul.2018
Brittle Fracture of a Corroded Gray Cast Iron
M - Gray Cast ironP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Fracture Surface AspectDf - General View
Shaft pinion presenting the bearing surface, with machining markes, from where the thermal spray layer was detached. The diameter of the 880 mm long shaft in this region is about 75 mm.
426
VIEW
ML00108 / Dec.2017
Thermal Spray Layer in a Pinion Shaft
M - High Strength Low AlloyP - ShaftAp - EngineCd - Coating Defect
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Bimetallic engine bearing, removed from service at the end of its life.
356
VIEW
ML00083 / Oct.2017
Steel Back of a Bimetallic Engine Bearing
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Cold FormedAp - ShipCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
The micrography of the transverse section shows coarse grains and biphasic structure. Alpha grains and a lamellar eutectoid structure can be observed in the material.
464
VIEW
ML00044 / Feb.2017
Centrifugally Cast CuAl Bushing
M - Aluminum BronzeP - Cast BushingAp - EngineCd - Removed From Service
Cm - NH4OH+H2O+H2O2 Etched MicroDf - Close to the External Surface
The intake valve seat cylinder, manufactured in a high alloy white cast iron, presents a network of primary carbides, not degradated even after high temperature exposition during all lifetime.
632
VIEW
ML00003 / Apr.2017
Cast iron Engine Valve Seats
M - White Cast IronP - Valve SeatAp - MaritimeCd - Microstructural Evolution
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Network of Primary Carbides

More from these cases

ML00167 — Fatigue of a Flared Tubing ConnectionM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - TubingAp - EngineCd - Mechanical Fatigue
Same flared tubing, with a circumferential crack, with the focus at the internal side.
65
VIEW
ML00167 / Aug.2020
Fatigue of a Flared Tubing Connection
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - TubingAp - EngineCd - Mechanical Fatigue
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the tubing showing a granular structure, austenitic.
52
VIEW
ML00167 / Aug.2020
Fatigue of a Flared Tubing Connection
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - TubingAp - EngineCd - Mechanical Fatigue
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Longitudinal Section
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the tubing, showing the austenitic structure free from strain hardening and free from grain boundary carbides.
51
VIEW
ML00167 / Aug.2020
Fatigue of a Flared Tubing Connection
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - TubingAp - EngineCd - Mechanical Fatigue
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Austenite
Micrographic detail of the austenitic structure, free from strain hardening and free from grain boundary carbides.
54
VIEW
ML00167 / Aug.2020
Fatigue of a Flared Tubing Connection
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - TubingAp - EngineCd - Mechanical Fatigue
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Austenite
Low magnification fractography by scanning electron microscopy, after a complete opening of the crack. At this magnification no micromechanism is evident.
51
VIEW
ML00167 / Aug.2020
Fatigue of a Flared Tubing Connection
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - TubingAp - EngineCd - Mechanical Fatigue
Cm - Fractography by SEMDf - Fracture

+8 more from this case →

ML00154 — High Strength Cast Iron CrankshaftM - Nodular Cast IronP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Surface treatment
Micrography of a crankshaft longitudinal section at the shaft edge, in the as polished condition, presenting nodular graphite, well distruibuted.
139
VIEW
ML00154 / Jan.2019
High Strength Cast Iron Crankshaft
M - Nodular Cast IronP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Surface treatment
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - At the Surface
As polished micrography of the crankshaft at the shaft edge, close to the surface. Graphite in nodules.
126
VIEW
ML00154 / Jan.2019
High Strength Cast Iron Crankshaft
M - Nodular Cast IronP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Surface treatment
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Graphite in Nodules
As polished micrographic detail of the graphite in nodules, close to the surface of the shaft edge, in a longitudinal section.
114
VIEW
ML00154 / Jan.2019
High Strength Cast Iron Crankshaft
M - Nodular Cast IronP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Surface treatment
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Graphite in Nodules
Macrography of a longitudinal section of the crankshaft showing the rod bearing in the center (the rod is 54mm diameter), as well as two main bearings in both lateral sides. It is possible to see that the surface was heat treated and the hardened layer is about 3mm deep from the surface.
100
VIEW
ML00154 / Jan.2019
High Strength Cast Iron Crankshaft
M - Nodular Cast IronP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Surface treatment
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Longitudinal Section
Macrographic detail of the hardened layer, about 3mm deep from the surface. Important to observe that the bearing is not heat treated in the radius, only in the contact area. The hardness at the surface is 430HV and the hardness in the base metal is 260HV.
100
VIEW
ML00154 / Jan.2019
High Strength Cast Iron Crankshaft
M - Nodular Cast IronP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Surface treatment
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Surface Layer

+22 more from this case →

ML00141 — Brittle Fracture of a Corroded Gray Cast IronM - Gray Cast ironP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Brittle Fracture
Fracture aspect of the casting cylinder at the 10.5 mm thickness, showing a brittle behavior (lack of plastic deformation). The internal side of the cylinder is to the top of the figure, and the painted surface is to the bottom of the figure.
129
VIEW
ML00141 / Jul.2018
Brittle Fracture of a Corroded Gray Cast Iron
M - Gray Cast ironP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Fracture Surface AspectDf - Brittle Fracture
Detailed aspect of the cylinder fracture, the internal surface to the top of the figure and the painted external surface to the bottom of the figure.
103
VIEW
ML00141 / Jul.2018
Brittle Fracture of a Corroded Gray Cast Iron
M - Gray Cast ironP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Fracture Surface AspectDf - Brittle Fracture
Macrographic aspect of a section of the cast cylinder, transverse to the fracture (top). The internal diameter of the cylinder (exposed to treated water) is to the left side and the external diameter of the cylinder (painted) is to the right side.
96
VIEW
ML00141 / Jul.2018
Brittle Fracture of a Corroded Gray Cast Iron
M - Gray Cast ironP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Brittle Fracture
Micrographic aspect, as polished, of the cast cylinder section at the fracture position (top of the figure), close to the internal surface (left side). It is possible to see large graphite flakes.
98
VIEW
ML00141 / Jul.2018
Brittle Fracture of a Corroded Gray Cast Iron
M - Gray Cast ironP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Close to the Internal Surface
Micrographic aspect, as polished, of the cast cylinder section at the fracture position (top of the figure), in the center of the thickness. It is possible to see a mixture of large graphite flakes and rosette grouping flakes.
80
VIEW
ML00141 / Jul.2018
Brittle Fracture of a Corroded Gray Cast Iron
M - Gray Cast ironP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - In the Center of the Thickness

+30 more from this case →

ML00108 — Thermal Spray Layer in a Pinion ShaftM - High Strength Low AlloyP - ShaftAp - EngineCd - Coating Defect
Detail of the detached layer, about 1.5 mm thick.
48
VIEW
ML00108 / Dec.2017
Thermal Spray Layer in a Pinion Shaft
M - High Strength Low AlloyP - ShaftAp - EngineCd - Coating Defect
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Layer Detachment
Macrographic detail of the thermal spray layer in a position of the shaft where it was not detached. Longitudinal section of the shaft. The waves are the machining marks created to anchor the thermal spray layer, that is about 1.5mm thick.
41
VIEW
ML00108 / Dec.2017
Thermal Spray Layer in a Pinion Shaft
M - High Strength Low AlloyP - ShaftAp - EngineCd - Coating Defect
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Longitudinal Section
Micrography of the thermal spray (TS) layer showing the different alloys, gray oxides and black voids. The Ni base TS alloy is of a yellow colour at the interface with the shaft substrate (in the left). The Cr base TS alloy appears white, similar to the shaft substrate. Longitudinal section of the shaft.
42
VIEW
ML00108 / Dec.2017
Thermal Spray Layer in a Pinion Shaft
M - High Strength Low AlloyP - ShaftAp - EngineCd - Coating Defect
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Coating Layer
Micrographic detail, as polished in a longitudinal section, of the interface between the shaft substrate and the thermal spray layer. In the left it is the shaft substrate also presenting parts of aligned inclusions (gray). In the center it is the Ni base TS alloy and in the right it is the Cr base TS alloy. There are also black voids and grey oxides.
33
VIEW
ML00108 / Dec.2017
Thermal Spray Layer in a Pinion Shaft
M - High Strength Low AlloyP - ShaftAp - EngineCd - Coating Defect
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Coating Layer
Micrography of the interface between the shaft surface and the thermal spray layer. The shaft steel presents a quenched and tempered structure. Longitudinal section.
32
VIEW
ML00108 / Dec.2017
Thermal Spray Layer in a Pinion Shaft
M - High Strength Low AlloyP - ShaftAp - EngineCd - Coating Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Coating Layer

+7 more from this case →

ML00083 — Steel Back of a Bimetallic Engine BearingM - Low Carbon SteelP - Cold FormedAp - ShipCd - Removed From Service
Micrography of a transverse section of the engine bearing, close to the internal surface, showing two layers of bearing alloys that presents a total thickness of 600 microns.
29
VIEW
ML00083 / Oct.2017
Steel Back of a Bimetallic Engine Bearing
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Cold FormedAp - ShipCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Surface Layer
Micrographic detail of a transverse section of the back steel of an engine bearing, presenting a predominantly ferritic structure, strain hardened.
26
VIEW
ML00083 / Oct.2017
Steel Back of a Bimetallic Engine Bearing
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Cold FormedAp - ShipCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Predominantly Ferritic
Micrography of a transverse section of the back steel of an engine bearing, presenting a predominantly ferritic structure, strain hardened.
24
VIEW
ML00083 / Oct.2017
Steel Back of a Bimetallic Engine Bearing
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Cold FormedAp - ShipCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Strain Hardened
Micrography of a transverse section of the back steel of an engine bearing, presenting a predominantly ferritic structure, strain hardened.
24
VIEW
ML00083 / Oct.2017
Steel Back of a Bimetallic Engine Bearing
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Cold FormedAp - ShipCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Strain Hardened
ML00044 — Centrifugally Cast CuAl BushingM - Aluminum BronzeP - Cast BushingAp - EngineCd - Removed From Service
Micrographic detail of the structure at the external surface.
58
VIEW
ML00044 / Feb.2017
Centrifugally Cast CuAl Bushing
M - Aluminum BronzeP - Cast BushingAp - EngineCd - Removed From Service
Cm - NH4OH+H2O+H2O2 Etched MicroDf - Close to the External Surface
The micrography of the transverse section shows coarse grains and biphasic structure. No diferentes close to the internal surface. Alpha grains and a lamellar eutectoid structure can be observed in the material.
46
VIEW
ML00044 / Feb.2017
Centrifugally Cast CuAl Bushing
M - Aluminum BronzeP - Cast BushingAp - EngineCd - Removed From Service
Cm - NH4OH+H2O+H2O2 Etched MicroDf - Close to the Internal Surface
Micrographic detail of the structure at the internal surface.
38
VIEW
ML00044 / Feb.2017
Centrifugally Cast CuAl Bushing
M - Aluminum BronzeP - Cast BushingAp - EngineCd - Removed From Service
Cm - NH4OH+H2O+H2O2 Etched MicroDf - Close to the Internal Surface
Detail of the structure in the center of the thickness. Alpha grains and lamellar eutectoid structure.
28
VIEW
ML00044 / Feb.2017
Centrifugally Cast CuAl Bushing
M - Aluminum BronzeP - Cast BushingAp - EngineCd - Removed From Service
Cm - NH4OH+H2O+H2O2 Etched MicroDf - In the Center of the Thickness
The macrography of the transverse section shows the columnar grains typical of a centrifugally cast material. The etch is the same as the adopted for the micrographies. The bushing thickness is 1/2".
41
VIEW
ML00044 / Feb.2017
Centrifugally Cast CuAl Bushing
M - Aluminum BronzeP - Cast BushingAp - EngineCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Transverse Section AspectDf - Columnar Grains
ML00003 — Cast iron Engine Valve SeatsM - White Cast IronP - Valve SeatAp - MaritimeCd - Microstructural Evolution
The intake valve seat cylinder, manufactured in a high alloy white cast iron, presents a network of primary carbides, not degradated even after high temperature exposition during all lifetime.
206
VIEW
ML00003 / Apr.2017
Cast iron Engine Valve Seats
M - White Cast IronP - Valve SeatAp - MaritimeCd - Microstructural Evolution
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Network of Primary Carbides
The exhaust valve seat cylinder, manufactured in a high alloy white cast iron, presents a coalesced structure, degradated by high temperature exposition during the lifetime.
182
VIEW
ML00003 / Apr.2017
Cast iron Engine Valve Seats
M - White Cast IronP - Valve SeatAp - MaritimeCd - Microstructural Evolution
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Coalesced structure
The exhaust valve seat cylinder, manufactured in a high alloy white cast iron, presents a coalesced structure, degradated by high temperature exposition during the lifetime.
137
VIEW
ML00003 / Apr.2017
Cast iron Engine Valve Seats
M - White Cast IronP - Valve SeatAp - MaritimeCd - Microstructural Evolution
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Coalesced structure

View all 106 images in the Atlas →

most recent

The location of the threaded fitting started leaking after less than five years in service. Although the corrosion rate was not high, the localized material loss in the threaded surface of the carbon steel flange allowed the connection leakage.
769
VIEW
ML00184 / Apr.2023
Dissimilar Steels in a Threaded Connection
M - Low Carbon SteelP - ForgingAp - OffshoreCd - Localized Dissolution
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Front wheel 17 x 7J of a passenger vehicle (identified as WHEEL 1) that broke during a car accident on a road.
1644
VIEW
ML00183 / Dec.2022
Ductile Behavior of an Aluminum Wheel
M - Aluminum Silicon MagnesiumP - CastingAp - AutomotiveCd - Ductile Behavior
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Tool fixture 5" long, nominal diameter 2", presenting a recess 1/2" deep from two sides. The rupture occurred about 2" from the end of the rod. Scale in milimeters.
523
VIEW
ML00182 / Jul.2022
Brittle Fracture of a LAS Fixing Rod
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - StemAp - Mechanical IndustryCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Pinion of hypoid gearbox, assembled in a 1560-mm long shaft that operated during more than 60,000 hours, and removed from service due to unacceptable wear damage.
1028
VIEW
ML00181 / Apr.2022
Wear of a Carburized Hypoid Gear
M - Low Alloy for Thermochemical TreatmentP - Pinion-crown assemblyAp - ShipCd - Wear
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Aspect of the 3 1/2" diameter tube after the water leakage in high temperature.
962
VIEW
ML00180 / Mar.2022
Local Melting of Copper Cooling Tubes
M - Pure CopperP - Cooling TubeAp - SiderurgyCd - Overheating
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
2" drain line from the main 10" line. The leakage occurred at the margin of the weld, a short time after the introduction of the reinforced ribs to reduce vibration.
641
VIEW
ML00179 / Feb.2022
Hydrides in Titanium Weld
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - In Field WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Field photoDf - General View
The drilling connector, 21" diameter, presented a crack at the margin of the weld in the forging side (left side of the weld in the figure).
744
VIEW
ML00178 / Jan.2022
Cold cracks in Cr-Mo Welded Forging
M - CrMo SteelP - ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Macrography of the longitudinally seam weld of the 24" diameter tube, showing that it was welded from both sides and there is a segregation line in the center of the tube thickness.
737
VIEW
ML00177 / Dec.2021
Cr-Mo Seam Welded Tube
M - CrMo SteelP - Longitudinally Seam WeldedAp - Fired HeaterCd - Not according to spec
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Seam
The titanium rotor blade of a flowmeter broke after two years in service in an acid environment, containing H2S.
339
VIEW
ML00176 / Nov.2021
Hydride Formation in a Titanium Blade
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - BladeAp - Oil and GasCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Aspect of the wire rope, 1 1/2" diameter, presenting regions of flattened areas at the surface of the outer wires. It is a 6 x 19 Seale construction, right regular lay.
552
VIEW
ML00175 / Aug.2021
Localized External Wear of a Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Wear
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
The carcass was manufactured using niobium stabilized plates, grade AISI 347, with circumferential welds, where the through wall cracks were detected.
300
VIEW
ML00174 / Jul.2021
Carburization of a 347 SS Welded Joint
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - EnergyCd - Carburization
Cm - Field photoDf - General View
Aged microstructure of the HP stainless steel, modified with 1%Nb, cast fitting, tubular, operating for 6 years in a furnace which design temperature is 1100°C. The material presented a network of primary carbides, white and grey, and an austenitic matrix with coalescing secondary precipitation. Some voids. The Vickers identation indicates a hardness value about 260HV 100g in the aged austenitic matrix.
491
VIEW
ML00173 / May.2021
Welding Cracks in an Aged HP Cast Fitting
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Cast FtittingAp - PetrochemicalCd - Welding
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Microhardness identations

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