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Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

437 images

TrySubseaML00025corrosionOil and GasML00158brittle fractureRaw Materialductile behaviorFinished ProductfatigueFerrous AlloyshydrogenHigh Alloy Steelfractureembrittlementstress corrosion
Microstructure: Austenite clear all
M

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P

Product

96 classified

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Ap

Application

37 classified

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C

Condition

84 classified

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Cm

Capture method

52 classified

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437 images
The carcass was manufactured using niobium stabilized plates, grade AISI 347, with circumferential welds, where the through wall cracks were detected.
300
VIEW
ML00174 / Jul.2021
Carburization of a 347 SS Welded Joint
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - EnergyCd - Carburization
Cm - Field photoDf - General View
Aspect of the stub end, that is used in combination with a lap joint flange. In this case it was prepared from a seam welded pipe, longitudinal, also with circunferential weld to the stub face (which means it was not flared). The cracking is circunferential in the non painted region, not associated to any welded area.
435
VIEW
ML00168 / Aug.2020
SCC of Austenitic SS Flange Stub End
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Stub EndAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Aspect of a flared tubing, cold deformed at 37°, and the circumferential cracking.
483
VIEW
ML00167 / Aug.2020
Fatigue of a Flared Tubing Connection
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - TubingAp - EngineCd - Mechanical Fatigue
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
As received aspect of the sacrificial casting, 2" internal diameter. The casting was solution annealed heat treated.
488
VIEW
ML00164 / Jun.2020
Austenitic SS Casting for Valve Body
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CastingAp - ValveCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Aspect as received, side A, of the part removed from the rectangular tube that was manufactured from plates, and originally presented two welded seams (not included in the sample). Close to the edges of the sample, where probably were the corners of the rectangular tube, the degradation is in a highest level. Three samples were analysed, with different thicknesses (indicated in the figure). Side A is the side that was in contact with the reaction (product side).
445
VIEW
ML00160 / Apr.2020
High Temperature Degradation of 310SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Rectangular TubeAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Scaling
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Optical micrography of a longitudinal section of the fractured bolt, at the thread. The material is austenitic, free from carbides, and the threads were almost removed by the stress corrosion cracks.
756
VIEW
ML00157 / Feb.2020
Bolts Under Chloride SCC Conditions
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Stress Corrosion Cracks
Aspect of the internal side of the drilling tool, after cleaning for inspection. Several regions of corrosion where detected where the drilling mud was adhered and remained uncleaned for a period a little longer than 1 month.
775
VIEW
ML00135 / May.2018
MIC of a Non Magnetic Drilling Tool
M - High Mn Austenitic SteelP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Internal Surface
Image by scanning electron microscopy of the metallurgically bonded interface of the internally cladded pipe. It is a longitudinal seam welded pipe, with substrate in low alloy steel X65 and clad plate in Alloy 625 (welded by a solid state process). The region is a detail in the side of the Ni alloy clad plate where a grain refinement has occurred probably due to recrystallization of a strain hardened region during later heat treatment. The microhardness of this region is a lot higher than the value obtained out of this region, in the clad plate.
904
VIEW
ML00133 / May.2018
Seam Welded Pipe Cladded with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Clad Interface

More from these cases

ML00174 — Carburization of a 347 SS Welded JointM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - EnergyCd - Carburization
The circumferential welds presented several regions where the multiple cracks appeared, mainly revealed by dye check test.
49
VIEW
ML00174 / Jul.2021
Carburization of a 347 SS Welded Joint
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - EnergyCd - Carburization
Cm - Aspect by NDTDf - Multiple cracks
Aspect of one region where the cracks appeared, after grinding and polishing. Several branched cracks located in welded regions. It is the region where the sample was taken.
36
VIEW
ML00174 / Jul.2021
Carburization of a 347 SS Welded Joint
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - EnergyCd - Carburization
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - At the Surface
The small sample removed for analysis. This wedge sample presents three faces: one polished face (that corresponds to the surface), one fractured face and one cut face.
38
VIEW
ML00174 / Jul.2021
Carburization of a 347 SS Welded Joint
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - EnergyCd - Carburization
Cm - Testpiece aspectDf - Fracture
The small wedge sample is 4 mm deep in the thickness and the circumferential weld are is about 15 mm width where it appears in the internal side of the carcass. The image shows the crack surface (fracture) where the weld aspect is evident.
32
VIEW
ML00174 / Jul.2021
Carburization of a 347 SS Welded Joint
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - EnergyCd - Carburization
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Fracture
The fracture surface in the sample shows columnar grains in the weld and large facets in the heat affected zone (HAZ) close to the internal surface of the carcass (to the top of the image).
32
VIEW
ML00174 / Jul.2021
Carburization of a 347 SS Welded Joint
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - EnergyCd - Carburization
Cm - Fractography by SEMDf - Brittle Fracture

+10 more from this case →

ML00168 — SCC of Austenitic SS Flange Stub EndM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Stub EndAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Stress Corrosion
Detail of the external side of the stub end showing that the cracking is circunferential, located in a corroded surface, that corresponds to the confined region under the flange.
85
VIEW
ML00168 / Aug.2020
SCC of Austenitic SS Flange Stub End
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Stub EndAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Cracking
The stub end was manufactured from a plate and the microstructure in a longitudial section shows a refined granular austenitic structure.
62
VIEW
ML00168 / Aug.2020
SCC of Austenitic SS Flange Stub End
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Stub EndAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Longitudinal Section
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the stub end showing a refined austenitic structure.
57
VIEW
ML00168 / Aug.2020
SCC of Austenitic SS Flange Stub End
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Stub EndAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Austenite
Micrographic detail of the austenitic structure. Free from grain boundaries carbide precipitation.
53
VIEW
ML00168 / Aug.2020
SCC of Austenitic SS Flange Stub End
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Stub EndAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Austenite
Macrographic detail of the longitudinal section of the stub end, showing the external side to the top and the internal side to the bottom. There are multiple cracks starting from the external side.
54
VIEW
ML00168 / Aug.2020
SCC of Austenitic SS Flange Stub End
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Stub EndAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Longitudinal Section AspectDf - Multiple cracks

+10 more from this case →

ML00167 — Fatigue of a Flared Tubing ConnectionM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - TubingAp - EngineCd - Mechanical Fatigue
Same flared tubing, with a circumferential crack, with the focus at the internal side.
65
VIEW
ML00167 / Aug.2020
Fatigue of a Flared Tubing Connection
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - TubingAp - EngineCd - Mechanical Fatigue
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the tubing showing a granular structure, austenitic.
52
VIEW
ML00167 / Aug.2020
Fatigue of a Flared Tubing Connection
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - TubingAp - EngineCd - Mechanical Fatigue
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Longitudinal Section
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the tubing, showing the austenitic structure free from strain hardening and free from grain boundary carbides.
51
VIEW
ML00167 / Aug.2020
Fatigue of a Flared Tubing Connection
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - TubingAp - EngineCd - Mechanical Fatigue
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Austenite
Micrographic detail of the austenitic structure, free from strain hardening and free from grain boundary carbides.
54
VIEW
ML00167 / Aug.2020
Fatigue of a Flared Tubing Connection
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - TubingAp - EngineCd - Mechanical Fatigue
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Austenite
Low magnification fractography by scanning electron microscopy, after a complete opening of the crack. At this magnification no micromechanism is evident.
51
VIEW
ML00167 / Aug.2020
Fatigue of a Flared Tubing Connection
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - TubingAp - EngineCd - Mechanical Fatigue
Cm - Fractography by SEMDf - Fracture

+8 more from this case →

ML00164 — Austenitic SS Casting for Valve BodyM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CastingAp - ValveCd - Typical manufacturing
Macrography of a longitudinal section of the valve body, presenting the granular structure. The main bore diameter is 2". The casting was tested in two positions. In radial direction in the center of the body (3" solid), and in the longitudinal direction in the wall (1" thick).
78
VIEW
ML00164 / Jun.2020
Austenitic SS Casting for Valve Body
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CastingAp - ValveCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Macro Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchedDf - Longitudinal Section
Micrography of a longitudinal section, in the center of the valve body, solid 3" thickness. The structure is austenitic with delta ferrite in interdendritic spaces.
67
VIEW
ML00164 / Jun.2020
Austenitic SS Casting for Valve Body
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CastingAp - ValveCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Austenite
Micrography of a longitudinal section, in the center of the valve body. The structure is austenitic with delta ferrite in interdendritic spaces. The austenite presents a cored matrix in the dendrites, indicating the chemical composition was not homogeneized during the heat treatment.
60
VIEW
ML00164 / Jun.2020
Austenitic SS Casting for Valve Body
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CastingAp - ValveCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Delta ferrite
Micrographic detail of the cored austenitic structure with delta ferrite in interdendritic spaces. The chemical composition was not homogeneized during the heat treatment.
55
VIEW
ML00164 / Jun.2020
Austenitic SS Casting for Valve Body
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CastingAp - ValveCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Delta ferrite
Micrography of a longitudinal section, in the 1" thickness valve wall. The structure is austenitic with delta ferrite in interdendritic spaces.
48
VIEW
ML00164 / Jun.2020
Austenitic SS Casting for Valve Body
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CastingAp - ValveCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Austenite

+2 more from this case →

ML00160 — High Temperature Degradation of 310SSM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Rectangular TubeAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Scaling
Aspect as received, side B, of the same part. Side B is the external side of the rectangular tube, that was in contact with the electric furnace atmosphere. This surface of side B presented less degradation than the internal surface (side A).
88
VIEW
ML00160 / Apr.2020
High Temperature Degradation of 310SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Rectangular TubeAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Scaling
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Transverse section macrography of the plate where the degradation by thinning is worst, close to the original corners of the tube. The thinning is occurrring from the product reaction side (side A to the bottom of the figure). The macrography shows a reduction in the thickness from 2 mm (right side, sample 2) to almost zero (left side, sample 1).
86
VIEW
ML00160 / Apr.2020
High Temperature Degradation of 310SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Rectangular TubeAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Scaling
Cm - Transverse Section AspectDf - Thinning
Longitudinal section macrography of the plate where the degradation by thinning is reducing the thickness from 6mm to 4mm (sample 3). The thinning is occurrring from the product reaction side (side A to the bottom of the figure).
83
VIEW
ML00160 / Apr.2020
High Temperature Degradation of 310SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Rectangular TubeAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Scaling
Cm - Longitudinal Section AspectDf - Thinning
SAMPLE 1 AT THE FRACTURE - Micrography in low magnification where the thickness is reduced to zero (fracture). Side A (process side) to the bottom and side B (furnace environment side) to the top.
85
VIEW
ML00160 / Apr.2020
High Temperature Degradation of 310SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Rectangular TubeAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Scaling
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Low Mag
SAMPLE 1 AT THE FRACTURE - Micrography at the position where the thickness is reduced to zero. Side A to the bottom. The microstructure is austenite with intergranular and transgranular precipitation. The position of the zero thickness presents aspect of an intergranular fracture, and in side A there are several intergranular cracks from the surface.
83
VIEW
ML00160 / Apr.2020
High Temperature Degradation of 310SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Rectangular TubeAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Scaling
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Austenitic with Secondary Precipitation

+22 more from this case →

ML00157 — Bolts Under Chloride SCC ConditionsM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Aspect of a 5/16" bolt manufactured in an AISI 316 austenitic stainless steel, that was also operating inside the pressure vessel, but was not yet damaged. It is a hexagonal head bolt, 1 1/2" long, fastened with a hexagonal nut and a lock washer.
118
VIEW
ML00157 / Feb.2020
Bolts Under Chloride SCC Conditions
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Low magnification micrography, by optical microscope, of the longitudinal section of a damaged bolt, in the center of the thickness. The microstructure is austenitic, free from carbides.
100
VIEW
ML00157 / Feb.2020
Bolts Under Chloride SCC Conditions
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Austenite
Micrography, by optical microscope, of the longitudinal section of a damaged bolt, in the center of the thickness. The microstructure is austenitic, free from carbides, strain hardened. The hardness values of the material are from 200HV1 to 300HV1, that meets the class 2 of strenght (ASTM A193 B8M class 2).
79
VIEW
ML00157 / Feb.2020
Bolts Under Chloride SCC Conditions
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Strain Hardened
Detail of the strain hardened austenitic microstructure. Micrography by optical microscope, of the longitudinal section of a bolt, in the center of the thickness.
76
VIEW
ML00157 / Feb.2020
Bolts Under Chloride SCC Conditions
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Strain Hardened
Aspect of a broken 5/16" bolt that was operating inside the pressure vessel in a condition that exceeds the limits of use of the AISI 316 steel. The fracture is located close to the position where there was the bolt head and the threads were "removed" close to the fracture surface.
75
VIEW
ML00157 / Feb.2020
Bolts Under Chloride SCC Conditions
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Fracture

+8 more from this case →

ML00135 — MIC of a Non Magnetic Drilling ToolM - High Mn Austenitic SteelP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Pitting Corrosion
Aspect of the external side of the nominal diameter 6 3/4" drilling tool, after cleaning for inspection. Several regions of corrosion where detected where the drilling mud was adhered and remained for a period a little longer than 1 month. This tool is a high strength steel, cold worked.
163
VIEW
ML00135 / May.2018
MIC of a Non Magnetic Drilling Tool
M - High Mn Austenitic SteelP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Aspect of the external side of the nominal diameter 6 3/4" drilling tool, after cleaning for inspection. Several regions of corrosion where detected where the drilling mud was adhered and remained for a period a little longer than 1 month. This tool is a high strength steel, cold worked.
125
VIEW
ML00135 / May.2018
MIC of a Non Magnetic Drilling Tool
M - High Mn Austenitic SteelP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Localized Corrosion
Microscopical aspect by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the external surface of a drilling tool in a position that presented localized deposits and corrosion under deposit. The deep corrosion in a short time is only possible associated to the biological growth and aggressive environment generated by the microorganisms metabolites - Microbiologically Induced Corrosion (MIC).
104
VIEW
ML00135 / May.2018
MIC of a Non Magnetic Drilling Tool
M - High Mn Austenitic SteelP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Surface Aspect by SEMDf - Localized Deposits
Microscopical aspect by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the external surface of a drilling tool in a position that presented localized deposits and corrosion under deposit. It is possible to see that the strain hardened surface was etched by the aggressive metabolites of the microorganisms.
90
VIEW
ML00135 / May.2018
MIC of a Non Magnetic Drilling Tool
M - High Mn Austenitic SteelP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Surface Aspect by SEMDf - Localized Corrosion
Optical micrography of the transverse section of the drill collar, in the center of the thickness, presenting an uniform, granular, fully austenitic microstructure.
76
VIEW
ML00135 / May.2018
MIC of a Non Magnetic Drilling Tool
M - High Mn Austenitic SteelP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Transverse Section

+13 more from this case →

ML00133 — Seam Welded Pipe Cladded with Alloy 625M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
The 6 1/2" nominal diameter longitudinal seam welded pipe is internally cladded with Alloy 625. The pipe was manufactured by forming a cladded plate (probably welded by rolling) and welding it longitudinally. The pipe was heat treated (quenched and tempered) after the seam weld.
96
VIEW
ML00133 / May.2018
Seam Welded Pipe Cladded with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Welded Joint
The macrography of a longitudinal section shows the low alloy (C-Mn) steel pipe, internally cladded with Ni alloy clad plate.
72
VIEW
ML00133 / May.2018
Seam Welded Pipe Cladded with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Electrolytically Etched MacroDf - Longitudinal Section
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe substrate, in low magnification, showing a uniform microstructure,
51
VIEW
ML00133 / May.2018
Seam Welded Pipe Cladded with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe substrate showing a uniform bainitic microstructure obtained by the pipe quenching and tempering,
48
VIEW
ML00133 / May.2018
Seam Welded Pipe Cladded with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Longitudinal Section
Micrographic detail of a longitudinal section of the pipe substrate showing a uniform bainitic microstructure,
50
VIEW
ML00133 / May.2018
Seam Welded Pipe Cladded with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Bainite

+12 more from this case →

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The location of the threaded fitting started leaking after less than five years in service. Although the corrosion rate was not high, the localized material loss in the threaded surface of the carbon steel flange allowed the connection leakage.
769
VIEW
ML00184 / Apr.2023
Dissimilar Steels in a Threaded Connection
M - Low Carbon SteelP - ForgingAp - OffshoreCd - Localized Dissolution
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Front wheel 17 x 7J of a passenger vehicle (identified as WHEEL 1) that broke during a car accident on a road.
1644
VIEW
ML00183 / Dec.2022
Ductile Behavior of an Aluminum Wheel
M - Aluminum Silicon MagnesiumP - CastingAp - AutomotiveCd - Ductile Behavior
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Tool fixture 5" long, nominal diameter 2", presenting a recess 1/2" deep from two sides. The rupture occurred about 2" from the end of the rod. Scale in milimeters.
523
VIEW
ML00182 / Jul.2022
Brittle Fracture of a LAS Fixing Rod
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - StemAp - Mechanical IndustryCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Pinion of hypoid gearbox, assembled in a 1560-mm long shaft that operated during more than 60,000 hours, and removed from service due to unacceptable wear damage.
1028
VIEW
ML00181 / Apr.2022
Wear of a Carburized Hypoid Gear
M - Low Alloy for Thermochemical TreatmentP - Pinion-crown assemblyAp - ShipCd - Wear
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Aspect of the 3 1/2" diameter tube after the water leakage in high temperature.
962
VIEW
ML00180 / Mar.2022
Local Melting of Copper Cooling Tubes
M - Pure CopperP - Cooling TubeAp - SiderurgyCd - Overheating
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
2" drain line from the main 10" line. The leakage occurred at the margin of the weld, a short time after the introduction of the reinforced ribs to reduce vibration.
641
VIEW
ML00179 / Feb.2022
Hydrides in Titanium Weld
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - In Field WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Field photoDf - General View
The drilling connector, 21" diameter, presented a crack at the margin of the weld in the forging side (left side of the weld in the figure).
744
VIEW
ML00178 / Jan.2022
Cold cracks in Cr-Mo Welded Forging
M - CrMo SteelP - ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Macrography of the longitudinally seam weld of the 24" diameter tube, showing that it was welded from both sides and there is a segregation line in the center of the tube thickness.
737
VIEW
ML00177 / Dec.2021
Cr-Mo Seam Welded Tube
M - CrMo SteelP - Longitudinally Seam WeldedAp - Fired HeaterCd - Not according to spec
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Seam
The titanium rotor blade of a flowmeter broke after two years in service in an acid environment, containing H2S.
339
VIEW
ML00176 / Nov.2021
Hydride Formation in a Titanium Blade
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - BladeAp - Oil and GasCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Aspect of the wire rope, 1 1/2" diameter, presenting regions of flattened areas at the surface of the outer wires. It is a 6 x 19 Seale construction, right regular lay.
552
VIEW
ML00175 / Aug.2021
Localized External Wear of a Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Wear
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
The carcass was manufactured using niobium stabilized plates, grade AISI 347, with circumferential welds, where the through wall cracks were detected.
300
VIEW
ML00174 / Jul.2021
Carburization of a 347 SS Welded Joint
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - EnergyCd - Carburization
Cm - Field photoDf - General View
Aged microstructure of the HP stainless steel, modified with 1%Nb, cast fitting, tubular, operating for 6 years in a furnace which design temperature is 1100°C. The material presented a network of primary carbides, white and grey, and an austenitic matrix with coalescing secondary precipitation. Some voids. The Vickers identation indicates a hardness value about 260HV 100g in the aged austenitic matrix.
491
VIEW
ML00173 / May.2021
Welding Cracks in an Aged HP Cast Fitting
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Cast FtittingAp - PetrochemicalCd - Welding
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Microhardness identations

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