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Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

28 images

TryStructureML00114corrosionBoilerML00087brittle fractureDamageductile behaviorSoundfatigueAhydrogenASTMfractureembrittlementstress corrosion
Microstructure: Ferritic pearlitic Capture method: Naked Eye or Stereoscope Detail focus: Sampling and Analysis clear all
M

Material

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P

Product

96 classified

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Ap

Application

37 classified

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C

Condition

84 classified

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Cm

Capture method

52 classified

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Df

Detail focus

208 classified

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Identification of the regions of metallographies of the base metal, heat affected zone (HAZ) and weld metal. Locations in the root, in the center of the thickness and close to the tube OD (external surface).
118
VIEW
ML00177 / Dec.2021
Cr-Mo Seam Welded Tube
M - CrMo SteelP - Longitudinally Seam WeldedAp - Fired HeaterCd - Not according to spec
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Welded Joint
Macrography of a section longitudinal to the pipe and transverse to the weld. The thickness of the pipe is 12,7 mm (1/2") and it was welded in 6 passes, the root pass, one fill pass and four cap passes.
855
VIEW
ML00153 / Jan.2019
X52 in a Tubular Structure
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - StructureCd - Qualified
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Welded Joint
Macrography of a transverse section of the 8" pipe, cut exactly in the middle of the lateral 2" branch line, showing the through thickness crack initiated at the margin of the weld, in the upper part of the pipe.
64
VIEW
ML00149 / Dec.2018
Vibration Induced Fatigue in a Gas Piping
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Piping spoolAp - FPSOCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Welded Joint
Aspect of a typical .308 Winchester projectile, similar to the one adopted to shot the plate, cut in a longitudinal section. It is a Cu alloy case filled with Pb-Sb.
92
VIEW
ML00143 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 Plate
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Longitudinal Section AspectDf - Longitudinal Section
Fractured position of the casting cylinder of 10.5 mm thickness (minimum measured thickness) showing a brittle behavior (lack of plastic deformation), typical of overloading a material with 1% ductility (measured in the tensile test). This is the view of the internal surface of the cylinder, presenting regions of localized thinning in this surface that was in contact with (treated) cooling water. The external side of the cylinder was painted.
918
VIEW
ML00141 / Jul.2018
Brittle Fracture of a Corroded Gray Cast Iron
M - Gray Cast ironP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Fracture Surface AspectDf - General View
Detail of the transverse section of the 4" pipe 90° from the seam weld. The thickness of the pipe is 8 mm. No evidences of general corrosion or pitting were identified.
77
VIEW
ML00140 / May.2019
Preferential Corrosion of Pipe Seam Weld
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - ShipCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - Transverse Section AspectDf - Transverse Section
Macrography of a longitudinal section of the eye bolt, presenting the fracture in the top of the figure and the threads in the left side of the figure. Details of the fracture of the first thread fillet below the fracture are presented in the next figures.
225
VIEW
ML00120 / Jun.2018
Ductile Rupture of a Carbon Steel Eye Bolt
M - Low Carbon SteelP - FastenerAp - AutomotiveCd - Overload
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Longitudinal Section
Macrography of the plate (thickness 22mm, in horizontal position) to tube (thickness 12.5 mm, in vertical position) welded joint. The half V groove was welded from the top (position inside the combustion chamber) in five weld beads, and with a small fillet welded from the water side (ouside of the tube). Average hardness of the plate is 180HV1 (1kg), of the tube is 150HV1 and of the weld is 190HV1. Maximum hardness of the tube HAZ is 165HV1 and plate HAZ is 195HV1.
219
VIEW
ML00119 / Feb.2018
Thermal Fatigue of a Marine Boiler
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - ShipCd - Thermal Fatigue
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Welded Joint

More from these cases

ML00143 — Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 PlateM - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Detail of the position where the projectile strike the plate. The plate suffered a localized perforation.
44
VIEW
ML00143 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 Plate
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Surface AspectDf - Low Mag
Detail of the position where the projectile exited the plate. The plate suffered a localized perforation and the straight line is marked where the bullet was deviated from the painted device.
41
VIEW
ML00143 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 Plate
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Surface AspectDf - Low Mag
Aspect of the 3/8" thickness plate, 50 mm x 50 mm, of the low carbon steel, in a section transverse to the impact position that is to the top of the figure. The perforated hole expulsed the material to the top and bottom directions. The hole is larger in the exit of the bullet.
53
VIEW
ML00143 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 Plate
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Transverse Section AspectDf - Transverse Section
Macrography of the 3/8" thickness low carbon steel plate, in a section. The side of bullet impact is to the top of the figure. The perforated hole expulsed the material to the top and bottom directions. The hole is larger in the exit of the bullet (to the bottom of the figure).
31
VIEW
ML00143 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 Plate
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Transverse Section
Macrographic detail of the 3/8" thickness low carbon steel plate. The side of bullet exit is to the bottom of the figure. The perforated hole expulsed the material to the top and bottom directions. The hole is in the right side of the figure.
12
VIEW
ML00143 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 Plate
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Transverse Section
ML00140 — Preferential Corrosion of Pipe Seam WeldM - Low Carbon SteelP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - ShipCd - Preferential Dissolution
Detail of the transverse section of the 4" pipe 90° from the seam weld. The thickness of the pipe is 8 mm. No evidences of general corrosion or pitting were identified.
70
VIEW
ML00140 / May.2019
Preferential Corrosion of Pipe Seam Weld
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - ShipCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - Transverse Section AspectDf - Transverse Section
Detail of the transverse section of the 4" pipe 180° from the seam weld. The thickness of the pipe is 8 mm. No evidences of general corrosion or pitting were identified.
64
VIEW
ML00140 / May.2019
Preferential Corrosion of Pipe Seam Weld
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - ShipCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - Transverse Section AspectDf - Transverse Section
ML00119 — Thermal Fatigue of a Marine BoilerM - Low Carbon SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - ShipCd - Thermal Fatigue
The macrography of the surface exposed to the combustion chamber presents multiple cracks, perpendicular to the internal diamater of the tube (left side of the figure). The cracks are located in the tube and propagated into the tube wall and welded joint to the plate (right side of the figure).
79
VIEW
ML00119 / Feb.2018
Thermal Fatigue of a Marine Boiler
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - ShipCd - Thermal Fatigue
Cm - Surface AspectDf - At the Surface

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The location of the threaded fitting started leaking after less than five years in service. Although the corrosion rate was not high, the localized material loss in the threaded surface of the carbon steel flange allowed the connection leakage.
770
VIEW
ML00184 / Apr.2023
Dissimilar Steels in a Threaded Connection
M - Low Carbon SteelP - ForgingAp - OffshoreCd - Localized Dissolution
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Front wheel 17 x 7J of a passenger vehicle (identified as WHEEL 1) that broke during a car accident on a road.
1645
VIEW
ML00183 / Dec.2022
Ductile Behavior of an Aluminum Wheel
M - Aluminum Silicon MagnesiumP - CastingAp - AutomotiveCd - Ductile Behavior
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Tool fixture 5" long, nominal diameter 2", presenting a recess 1/2" deep from two sides. The rupture occurred about 2" from the end of the rod. Scale in milimeters.
523
VIEW
ML00182 / Jul.2022
Brittle Fracture of a LAS Fixing Rod
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - StemAp - Mechanical IndustryCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Pinion of hypoid gearbox, assembled in a 1560-mm long shaft that operated during more than 60,000 hours, and removed from service due to unacceptable wear damage.
1028
VIEW
ML00181 / Apr.2022
Wear of a Carburized Hypoid Gear
M - Low Alloy for Thermochemical TreatmentP - Pinion-crown assemblyAp - ShipCd - Wear
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Aspect of the 3 1/2" diameter tube after the water leakage in high temperature.
963
VIEW
ML00180 / Mar.2022
Local Melting of Copper Cooling Tubes
M - Pure CopperP - Cooling TubeAp - SiderurgyCd - Overheating
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
2" drain line from the main 10" line. The leakage occurred at the margin of the weld, a short time after the introduction of the reinforced ribs to reduce vibration.
642
VIEW
ML00179 / Feb.2022
Hydrides in Titanium Weld
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - In Field WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Field photoDf - General View
The drilling connector, 21" diameter, presented a crack at the margin of the weld in the forging side (left side of the weld in the figure).
748
VIEW
ML00178 / Jan.2022
Cold cracks in Cr-Mo Welded Forging
M - CrMo SteelP - ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Macrography of the longitudinally seam weld of the 24" diameter tube, showing that it was welded from both sides and there is a segregation line in the center of the tube thickness.
737
VIEW
ML00177 / Dec.2021
Cr-Mo Seam Welded Tube
M - CrMo SteelP - Longitudinally Seam WeldedAp - Fired HeaterCd - Not according to spec
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Seam
The titanium rotor blade of a flowmeter broke after two years in service in an acid environment, containing H2S.
340
VIEW
ML00176 / Nov.2021
Hydride Formation in a Titanium Blade
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - BladeAp - Oil and GasCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Aspect of the wire rope, 1 1/2" diameter, presenting regions of flattened areas at the surface of the outer wires. It is a 6 x 19 Seale construction, right regular lay.
553
VIEW
ML00175 / Aug.2021
Localized External Wear of a Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Wear
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
The carcass was manufactured using niobium stabilized plates, grade AISI 347, with circumferential welds, where the through wall cracks were detected.
303
VIEW
ML00174 / Jul.2021
Carburization of a 347 SS Welded Joint
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - EnergyCd - Carburization
Cm - Field photoDf - General View
Aged microstructure of the HP stainless steel, modified with 1%Nb, cast fitting, tubular, operating for 6 years in a furnace which design temperature is 1100°C. The material presented a network of primary carbides, white and grey, and an austenitic matrix with coalescing secondary precipitation. Some voids. The Vickers identation indicates a hardness value about 260HV 100g in the aged austenitic matrix.
493
VIEW
ML00173 / May.2021
Welding Cracks in an Aged HP Cast Fitting
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Cast FtittingAp - PetrochemicalCd - Welding
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Microhardness identations

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