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Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

121 images

TryRemoved From ServiceML00143corrosionSoundML00057brittle fractureFerritic pearliticductile behaviorAlpha & BetafatigueFerrous AlloyshydrogenLow Alloy Steelfractureembrittlementstress corrosion
Application: Structure Standard: ASTM clear all
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P

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96 classified

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Ap

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37 classified

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C

Condition

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Cm

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121 images
Red painted device where the 50 mm x 50 mm carbon steel plate was positioned (in the circle). The image presents the target, positioned 100 meters far from the gun, after the shot and the projectile perforated the plate, as will be presented in the other figures.
602
VIEW
ML00143 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 Plate
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Micrographic detail of a transverse section of the tubing, in the center of the thickness. Ferritic-pearlitic structure. Pearlite colonies in bands.
401
VIEW
ML00116 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 6 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite
Micrographic detail of a transverse section of the 5 mm thick tubing, in the center of the thickness. Ferritic-pearlitic structure, with the pearlite presenting a coalesced aspect. The tubing was in service at ambient temperature, painted, and the coalesced aspect was generated before service, perhaps during the tubing manufacturing.
393
VIEW
ML00115 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 5 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite
Micrographic detail of a transverse section of the tubing, in the center of the thickness. Ferritic-pearlitic structure. Pearlite colonies in bands.
346
VIEW
ML00114 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 8 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite
Micrographic detail of the ferritic-pearlitic structure of the angle L shape, equal legs, in the transverse section.
468
VIEW
ML00035 / Dec.2017
Carbon Steel L Shape
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite
Micrographic detail of the slightly banded perlitic structure, in the center of the thickness. ND 3". 7.6 mm thick.
530
VIEW
ML00090 / Sep.2017
Carbon Steel Tubing for Structural Application
M - Low Carbon SteelP - TubeAp - StructureCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite
The repair weld presented several cracks in the weld metal, transverse to the weld, detected during inspection using magnetic particle test. The cracks were mainly located in regions of the structure where the repair was conducted by welding in the vertical position using 1/8" stick electrode.
710
VIEW
ML00010 / Oct.2017
Cold Cracks in a Gouged Weld Metal
M - Low Alloy Low Carbon QTP - Rolled PlateAp - OffshoreCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Aspect by NDTDf - Cracking
Micrography of a section transverse to the Oxygen Plasma Cut surface, showing the zone affected by the heat generated in the cutting. The extension of the HAZ is about 0.5 mm. The cut was conducted in the 1 1/4" thickness of the plate.
358
VIEW
ML00033 / Jan.2017
Plasma Cut of 1 1/4" Steel Plate
M - High Strength Low AlloyP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Cutting
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Heat Affected Zone

More from these cases

ML00143 — Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 PlateM - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Aspect of a typical .308 Winchester projectile, similar to the one adopted to shot the plate, cut in a longitudinal section. It is a Cu alloy case filled with Pb-Sb.
92
VIEW
ML00143 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 Plate
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Longitudinal Section AspectDf - Longitudinal Section
Aspect of the 3/8" thickness plate, 50 mm x 50 mm, of the low carbon steel steel, in the face of impact with the projectile. The plate was perforated by the bullet.
88
VIEW
ML00143 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 Plate
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Micrography of the plate in a section, showing a ferritic-pearlitic microstructure in the middle of the thickness.
84
VIEW
ML00143 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 Plate
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite
Micrography of the plate in a section, showing a ferritic-pearlitic microstructure in the middle of the thickness, in a position where the plate was not affected by the shot.
65
VIEW
ML00143 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 Plate
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite
Micrographic detail of the plate in a section, showing a ferritic-pearlitic microstructure in the middle of the thickness.
66
VIEW
ML00143 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 Plate
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite

+51 more from this case →

ML00116 — CMn Steel Structural Tubing 6 mm thickM - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Low magnification micrography of a transverse section of the tubing, in the center of the thickness. Ferritic-pearlitic banded structure.
30
VIEW
ML00116 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 6 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Banded Structure
Micrography of a transverse section of the tubing, in the center of the thickness. Ferritic-pearlitic structure. Bands of pearlite colonies. Refined grains.
26
VIEW
ML00116 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 6 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - In the Center of the Thickness
Micrography of a transverse section of the tubing in the center of the thickness. Ferritic-pearlitic structure. The structure is fully ferritic in a small extension at the surface, due to a decarburization effect during manufacturing.
26
VIEW
ML00116 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 6 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Close to the External Surface
Micrographic detail of a transverse section of the tubing, close to the internal surface. Ferritic-pearlitic structure, refined.
20
VIEW
ML00116 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 6 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Close to the Internal Surface
ML00115 — CMn Steel Structural Tubing 5 mm thickM - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Low magnification micrography of a transverse section of the tubing, in the center of the thickness. Banded structure, ferritic-pearlitic.
16
VIEW
ML00115 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 5 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Banded Structure
Micrography of a transverse section of the tubing, in the center of the thickness. Ferritic-pearlitic structure. The pearlite is banded and presented a coalesced aspect.
12
VIEW
ML00115 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 5 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - In the Center of the Thickness
Micrographic detail of a transverse section of the tubing, at the external surface. Ferritic-pearlitic structure. The roughness of the surface is high because the structure was painted and a blasting treatment was probably applied to the surface to improve adherence.
15
VIEW
ML00115 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 5 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Close to the External Surface
Micrographic detail of a transverse section of the tubing, close to the internal surface. Ferritic-pearlitic structure. Very close to the surface the amount of ferrite is higher than in the center and the grain is coarser, due to a decarburization effect probably occurred when the surface was exposed to high temperature during manufacturing.
13
VIEW
ML00115 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 5 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Close to the Internal Surface
ML00114 — CMn Steel Structural Tubing 8 mm thickM - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Low magnification micrography of a transverse section of the tubing, in the center of the thickness. Ferritic-pearlitic banded structure.
29
VIEW
ML00114 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 8 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Banded Structure
Micrography of a transverse section of the tubing, in the center of the thickness. Ferritic-pearlitic structure. Bands of pearlite colonies. Refined grains.
29
VIEW
ML00114 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 8 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - In the Center of the Thickness
Micrography of a transverse section of the tubing, at the external surface. Ferritic-pearlitic structure. The roughness of the surface is high because the structure was painted and a blasting treatment was probably applied to the surface to improve adherence.
20
VIEW
ML00114 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 8 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Close to the External Surface
Micrography of a transverse section of the tubing, close to the internal surface. Ferritic-pearlitic structure, refined.
16
VIEW
ML00114 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 8 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Close to the Internal Surface
ML00035 — Carbon Steel L ShapeM - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Micrography of the transverse section of the rolled shape presenting an aligned structure, ferritic-pearlitic. Transverse section.
97
VIEW
ML00035 / Dec.2017
Carbon Steel L Shape
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - In the Center of the Thickness
Micrography of the transverse section of the rolled shape presenting a ferritic-pearlitic microstructure. Transverse section, close to the surface.
80
VIEW
ML00035 / Dec.2017
Carbon Steel L Shape
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - At the Surface
Micrography of the transverse section of the rolled shape presenting an aligned structure, ferritic-pearlitic.
62
VIEW
ML00035 / Dec.2017
Carbon Steel L Shape
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Transverse Section
Micrography of the transverse section of the rolled shape presenting an aligned structure, ferritic-pearlitic, and long sulfide inclusions. Center of the leg of 12 mm thickness.
58
VIEW
ML00035 / Dec.2017
Carbon Steel L Shape
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Non Metallic Inclusions
ML00090 — Carbon Steel Tubing for Structural ApplicationM - Low Carbon SteelP - TubeAp - StructureCd - Typical manufacturing
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the tube, in the center of the thickness. ND 3". 7.6 mm thick.
55
VIEW
ML00090 / Sep.2017
Carbon Steel Tubing for Structural Application
M - Low Carbon SteelP - TubeAp - StructureCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the tube, in the center of the thickness. ND 3". 7.6 mm thick.
43
VIEW
ML00090 / Sep.2017
Carbon Steel Tubing for Structural Application
M - Low Carbon SteelP - TubeAp - StructureCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Longitudinal Section
ML00010 — Cold Cracks in a Gouged Weld MetalM - Low Alloy Low Carbon QTP - Rolled PlateAp - OffshoreCd - Welding Defect
After grinding to remove the cracks, it was possible to see that they originated in the root, with longitudinal and transverse cracking, and localized in the weld metal only.
167
VIEW
ML00010 / Oct.2017
Cold Cracks in a Gouged Weld Metal
M - Low Alloy Low Carbon QTP - Rolled PlateAp - OffshoreCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Aspect by NDTDf - Cracking
Acetate metallographic replica from the surface, before cracking removal, showing the intergranular morphology of the cracks in a very refined weld metal structure.
123
VIEW
ML00010 / Oct.2017
Cold Cracks in a Gouged Weld Metal
M - Low Alloy Low Carbon QTP - Rolled PlateAp - OffshoreCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital etched, OMDf - Intergranular Cracking
Detail of the acetate metallographic replica from the surface, before cracking removal, showing the (previous austenite) intergranular morphology of the cracks in a very refined weld metal structure.
107
VIEW
ML00010 / Oct.2017
Cold Cracks in a Gouged Weld Metal
M - Low Alloy Low Carbon QTP - Rolled PlateAp - OffshoreCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital etched, OMDf - Intergranular Cracking
Tempered martensitic structure of the plate base metal.
93
VIEW
ML00010 / Oct.2017
Cold Cracks in a Gouged Weld Metal
M - Low Alloy Low Carbon QTP - Rolled PlateAp - OffshoreCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal
Detail of the tempered martensitic structure of the plate base metal. Hardness level of 27 HRc.
92
VIEW
ML00010 / Oct.2017
Cold Cracks in a Gouged Weld Metal
M - Low Alloy Low Carbon QTP - Rolled PlateAp - OffshoreCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal

+10 more from this case →

ML00033 — Plasma Cut of 1 1/4" Steel PlateM - High Strength Low AlloyP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Cutting
Macroscopic aspect of the cutting surface, slightly irregular. The structural plate is 1 1/4" thick.
48
VIEW
ML00033 / Jan.2017
Plasma Cut of 1 1/4" Steel Plate
M - High Strength Low AlloyP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Cutting
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - At the Surface
Aspect of the 1 1/4" thickness plate cutting surface.
30
VIEW
ML00033 / Jan.2017
Plasma Cut of 1 1/4" Steel Plate
M - High Strength Low AlloyP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Cutting
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - At the Surface
Macrography of a transverse section of the cut surface showing the heat affected zone region.
29
VIEW
ML00033 / Jan.2017
Plasma Cut of 1 1/4" Steel Plate
M - High Strength Low AlloyP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Cutting
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Heat Affected Zone
Ferritic perlitic structure of the plate. Longitudinal section.
28
VIEW
ML00033 / Jan.2017
Plasma Cut of 1 1/4" Steel Plate
M - High Strength Low AlloyP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Cutting
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite
Ferritic perlitic structure of the plate. Longitudinal section.
29
VIEW
ML00033 / Jan.2017
Plasma Cut of 1 1/4" Steel Plate
M - High Strength Low AlloyP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Cutting
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite

+7 more from this case →

View all 121 images in the Atlas →

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The location of the threaded fitting started leaking after less than five years in service. Although the corrosion rate was not high, the localized material loss in the threaded surface of the carbon steel flange allowed the connection leakage.
769
VIEW
ML00184 / Apr.2023
Dissimilar Steels in a Threaded Connection
M - Low Carbon SteelP - ForgingAp - OffshoreCd - Localized Dissolution
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Front wheel 17 x 7J of a passenger vehicle (identified as WHEEL 1) that broke during a car accident on a road.
1644
VIEW
ML00183 / Dec.2022
Ductile Behavior of an Aluminum Wheel
M - Aluminum Silicon MagnesiumP - CastingAp - AutomotiveCd - Ductile Behavior
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Tool fixture 5" long, nominal diameter 2", presenting a recess 1/2" deep from two sides. The rupture occurred about 2" from the end of the rod. Scale in milimeters.
523
VIEW
ML00182 / Jul.2022
Brittle Fracture of a LAS Fixing Rod
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - StemAp - Mechanical IndustryCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Pinion of hypoid gearbox, assembled in a 1560-mm long shaft that operated during more than 60,000 hours, and removed from service due to unacceptable wear damage.
1028
VIEW
ML00181 / Apr.2022
Wear of a Carburized Hypoid Gear
M - Low Alloy for Thermochemical TreatmentP - Pinion-crown assemblyAp - ShipCd - Wear
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Aspect of the 3 1/2" diameter tube after the water leakage in high temperature.
962
VIEW
ML00180 / Mar.2022
Local Melting of Copper Cooling Tubes
M - Pure CopperP - Cooling TubeAp - SiderurgyCd - Overheating
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
2" drain line from the main 10" line. The leakage occurred at the margin of the weld, a short time after the introduction of the reinforced ribs to reduce vibration.
641
VIEW
ML00179 / Feb.2022
Hydrides in Titanium Weld
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - In Field WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Field photoDf - General View
The drilling connector, 21" diameter, presented a crack at the margin of the weld in the forging side (left side of the weld in the figure).
745
VIEW
ML00178 / Jan.2022
Cold cracks in Cr-Mo Welded Forging
M - CrMo SteelP - ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Macrography of the longitudinally seam weld of the 24" diameter tube, showing that it was welded from both sides and there is a segregation line in the center of the tube thickness.
737
VIEW
ML00177 / Dec.2021
Cr-Mo Seam Welded Tube
M - CrMo SteelP - Longitudinally Seam WeldedAp - Fired HeaterCd - Not according to spec
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Seam
The titanium rotor blade of a flowmeter broke after two years in service in an acid environment, containing H2S.
339
VIEW
ML00176 / Nov.2021
Hydride Formation in a Titanium Blade
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - BladeAp - Oil and GasCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Aspect of the wire rope, 1 1/2" diameter, presenting regions of flattened areas at the surface of the outer wires. It is a 6 x 19 Seale construction, right regular lay.
552
VIEW
ML00175 / Aug.2021
Localized External Wear of a Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Wear
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
The carcass was manufactured using niobium stabilized plates, grade AISI 347, with circumferential welds, where the through wall cracks were detected.
300
VIEW
ML00174 / Jul.2021
Carburization of a 347 SS Welded Joint
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - EnergyCd - Carburization
Cm - Field photoDf - General View
Aged microstructure of the HP stainless steel, modified with 1%Nb, cast fitting, tubular, operating for 6 years in a furnace which design temperature is 1100°C. The material presented a network of primary carbides, white and grey, and an austenitic matrix with coalescing secondary precipitation. Some voids. The Vickers identation indicates a hardness value about 260HV 100g in the aged austenitic matrix.
491
VIEW
ML00173 / May.2021
Welding Cracks in an Aged HP Cast Fitting
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Cast FtittingAp - PetrochemicalCd - Welding
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Microhardness identations

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