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Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

158 images

TryChemical IndustryML00113corrosionOil and GasML00148brittle fractureFinished Productductile behaviorRaw MaterialfatigueFerrous AlloyshydrogenHigh Alloy Steelfractureembrittlementstress corrosion
Condition: Corrosion Microstructure: Austenite clear all
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96 classified

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37 classified

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84 classified

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52 classified

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208 classified

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158 images
Aspect of the stub end, that is used in combination with a lap joint flange. In this case it was prepared from a seam welded pipe, longitudinal, also with circunferential weld to the stub face (which means it was not flared). The cracking is circunferential in the non painted region, not associated to any welded area.
435
VIEW
ML00168 / Aug.2020
SCC of Austenitic SS Flange Stub End
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Stub EndAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Optical micrography of a longitudinal section of the fractured bolt, at the thread. The material is austenitic, free from carbides, and the threads were almost removed by the stress corrosion cracks.
756
VIEW
ML00157 / Feb.2020
Bolts Under Chloride SCC Conditions
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Stress Corrosion Cracks
Aspect of the internal side of the drilling tool, after cleaning for inspection. Several regions of corrosion where detected where the drilling mud was adhered and remained uncleaned for a period a little longer than 1 month.
775
VIEW
ML00135 / May.2018
MIC of a Non Magnetic Drilling Tool
M - High Mn Austenitic SteelP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Internal Surface
Aspect of a crevice corrosion of the flange, under the bolt head, showing evidences that the cathodic protection system was not connected to the stainless steel instrument.
1434
VIEW
ML00122 / Feb.2018
Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CaseAp - Oil and GasCd - Crevice
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Localized Corrosion
Nitronic 60 cylinder. Scanning electron microscopy image of a corroded region at the external surface of the cylinder, that is austenitic. The image shows the localized corroded regions in form of pits.
1228
VIEW
ML00121 / Feb.2018
Pitting Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic / MartensiticP - Rod & CylinderAp - SubseaCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Surface Aspect by SEMDf - Localized Corrosion
The scanning electron microscopy image of the internal surface of the tube in position 2 shows a localized corrosion region with intergranular morphology, as well a crack from the corroded region.
1237
VIEW
ML00086 / Nov.2017
Intergranular Corrosion of Sensitized 304SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - Heat ExchangerCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Surface Aspect by SEMDf - Intergranular Corrosion
Draft of the completion riser after removal of the external case showing the hydraulic line position where the 316 tubing is welded by orbital autogenous GTAW to the Nitronic fitting (stab). In the design of these hydraulic lines, the position of the cracking in the fitting is associated to a slightly bent condition of the fitting due to the misaligment of the tubing axis and the stab axis in the connector, visible in the draft.
1081
VIEW
ML00095 / Sep.2017
MIC of a Riser Control Line
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - Oil and GasCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - Identification drawingDf - General View
Aspect of the heat exchanger plate showing the rupture of the plate in multiple cracks, starting at the side of the crude oil with high salinity.
727
VIEW
ML00051 / Apr.2020
Chloride SCC of 316 Heat Exchanger Plate
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Heat Exchanger PartAp - FPSOCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Cracking

More from these cases

ML00168 — SCC of Austenitic SS Flange Stub EndM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Stub EndAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Stress Corrosion
Detail of the external side of the stub end showing that the cracking is circunferential, located in a corroded surface, that corresponds to the confined region under the flange.
85
VIEW
ML00168 / Aug.2020
SCC of Austenitic SS Flange Stub End
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Stub EndAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Cracking
The stub end was manufactured from a plate and the microstructure in a longitudial section shows a refined granular austenitic structure.
62
VIEW
ML00168 / Aug.2020
SCC of Austenitic SS Flange Stub End
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Stub EndAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Longitudinal Section
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the stub end showing a refined austenitic structure.
57
VIEW
ML00168 / Aug.2020
SCC of Austenitic SS Flange Stub End
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Stub EndAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Austenite
Micrographic detail of the austenitic structure. Free from grain boundaries carbide precipitation.
54
VIEW
ML00168 / Aug.2020
SCC of Austenitic SS Flange Stub End
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Stub EndAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Austenite
Macrographic detail of the longitudinal section of the stub end, showing the external side to the top and the internal side to the bottom. There are multiple cracks starting from the external side.
54
VIEW
ML00168 / Aug.2020
SCC of Austenitic SS Flange Stub End
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Stub EndAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Longitudinal Section AspectDf - Multiple cracks

+10 more from this case →

ML00157 — Bolts Under Chloride SCC ConditionsM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Aspect of a 5/16" bolt manufactured in an AISI 316 austenitic stainless steel, that was also operating inside the pressure vessel, but was not yet damaged. It is a hexagonal head bolt, 1 1/2" long, fastened with a hexagonal nut and a lock washer.
118
VIEW
ML00157 / Feb.2020
Bolts Under Chloride SCC Conditions
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Low magnification micrography, by optical microscope, of the longitudinal section of a damaged bolt, in the center of the thickness. The microstructure is austenitic, free from carbides.
100
VIEW
ML00157 / Feb.2020
Bolts Under Chloride SCC Conditions
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Austenite
Micrography, by optical microscope, of the longitudinal section of a damaged bolt, in the center of the thickness. The microstructure is austenitic, free from carbides, strain hardened. The hardness values of the material are from 200HV1 to 300HV1, that meets the class 2 of strenght (ASTM A193 B8M class 2).
79
VIEW
ML00157 / Feb.2020
Bolts Under Chloride SCC Conditions
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Strain Hardened
Detail of the strain hardened austenitic microstructure. Micrography by optical microscope, of the longitudinal section of a bolt, in the center of the thickness.
76
VIEW
ML00157 / Feb.2020
Bolts Under Chloride SCC Conditions
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Strain Hardened
Aspect of a broken 5/16" bolt that was operating inside the pressure vessel in a condition that exceeds the limits of use of the AISI 316 steel. The fracture is located close to the position where there was the bolt head and the threads were "removed" close to the fracture surface.
75
VIEW
ML00157 / Feb.2020
Bolts Under Chloride SCC Conditions
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Fracture

+8 more from this case →

ML00135 — MIC of a Non Magnetic Drilling ToolM - High Mn Austenitic SteelP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Pitting Corrosion
Aspect of the external side of the nominal diameter 6 3/4" drilling tool, after cleaning for inspection. Several regions of corrosion where detected where the drilling mud was adhered and remained for a period a little longer than 1 month. This tool is a high strength steel, cold worked.
163
VIEW
ML00135 / May.2018
MIC of a Non Magnetic Drilling Tool
M - High Mn Austenitic SteelP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Aspect of the external side of the nominal diameter 6 3/4" drilling tool, after cleaning for inspection. Several regions of corrosion where detected where the drilling mud was adhered and remained for a period a little longer than 1 month. This tool is a high strength steel, cold worked.
125
VIEW
ML00135 / May.2018
MIC of a Non Magnetic Drilling Tool
M - High Mn Austenitic SteelP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Localized Corrosion
Microscopical aspect by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the external surface of a drilling tool in a position that presented localized deposits and corrosion under deposit. The deep corrosion in a short time is only possible associated to the biological growth and aggressive environment generated by the microorganisms metabolites - Microbiologically Induced Corrosion (MIC).
104
VIEW
ML00135 / May.2018
MIC of a Non Magnetic Drilling Tool
M - High Mn Austenitic SteelP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Surface Aspect by SEMDf - Localized Deposits
Microscopical aspect by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the external surface of a drilling tool in a position that presented localized deposits and corrosion under deposit. It is possible to see that the strain hardened surface was etched by the aggressive metabolites of the microorganisms.
90
VIEW
ML00135 / May.2018
MIC of a Non Magnetic Drilling Tool
M - High Mn Austenitic SteelP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Surface Aspect by SEMDf - Localized Corrosion
Optical micrography of the transverse section of the drill collar, in the center of the thickness, presenting an uniform, granular, fully austenitic microstructure.
76
VIEW
ML00135 / May.2018
MIC of a Non Magnetic Drilling Tool
M - High Mn Austenitic SteelP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Transverse Section

+13 more from this case →

ML00122 — Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea SystemM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CaseAp - Oil and GasCd - Crevice
Flanged case, 640mm long. The photo presents a general view of the instrumentation system, destroyed after only 6 months in subsea service. The system was manufactured using only 316 stainless steel and the case was 20 mm thick.
335
VIEW
ML00122 / Feb.2018
Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CaseAp - Oil and GasCd - Crevice
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Aspect of the instrument system after disassembling. The internal part of the case, where the electronic device was operating, was wet by seawater and failed to send signals to the surface.
258
VIEW
ML00122 / Feb.2018
Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CaseAp - Oil and GasCd - Crevice
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Detail of the electronic device after removing the external case. It is corroded because seawater entered in the equipment that was pressurized from the external sea environment.
228
VIEW
ML00122 / Feb.2018
Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CaseAp - Oil and GasCd - Crevice
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Corrosion
After a longitudinal cut of the case it was possible to see that a localized corrosion has occurred associated to the regions where there were sealed holes, plugged, in a crevice condition, not related to any welded position.
193
VIEW
ML00122 / Feb.2018
Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CaseAp - Oil and GasCd - Crevice
Cm - Transverse Section AspectDf - Corrosion
Micrography of the case, observed in the center of the thickness, showing an equiaxial granular austenitic microstructure, free from carbides. The structure is typical of a 316 SS, in a solution annealed condition.
176
VIEW
ML00122 / Feb.2018
Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CaseAp - Oil and GasCd - Crevice
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite

+11 more from this case →

ML00121 — Pitting Corrosion in a Subsea SystemM - Austenitic / MartensiticP - Rod & CylinderAp - SubseaCd - Pitting Corrosion
Aspect of the Nitronic 60 cylinder, OD 36.4mm, presenting pits at the external surface.
219
VIEW
ML00121 / Feb.2018
Pitting Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic / MartensiticP - Rod & CylinderAp - SubseaCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - External Surface
Nitronic 60 cylinder. Detailed aspect of the pitting in a low magnification microscope.
197
VIEW
ML00121 / Feb.2018
Pitting Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic / MartensiticP - Rod & CylinderAp - SubseaCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Surface AspectDf - Pitting
Nitronic 60 cylinder. Micrography of the longitudinal section in the center of the thickness, presenting a fully austenitic microstructure, equiaxial grains, and evidences of the manufacturing process by hot forming.
179
VIEW
ML00121 / Feb.2018
Pitting Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic / MartensiticP - Rod & CylinderAp - SubseaCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite
Nitronic 60 cylinder. Micrography of the longitudinal section in the center of the thickness, presenting a fully austenitic microstructure, with some aligned non metallic inclusions.
157
VIEW
ML00121 / Feb.2018
Pitting Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic / MartensiticP - Rod & CylinderAp - SubseaCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite
Nitronic 60 cylinder. Micrographic detail of the longitudinal section in the center of the thickness, presenting a fully austenitic microstructure, equiaxial grains, typical of a solution annealed condition.
136
VIEW
ML00121 / Feb.2018
Pitting Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic / MartensiticP - Rod & CylinderAp - SubseaCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite

+14 more from this case →

ML00086 — Intergranular Corrosion of Sensitized 304SSM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - Heat ExchangerCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Micrography of the 1.65 mm thickness tube, in the middle of the thickness of the longitudinal section. This part of the tube is located in the colder part of the equipment, position 1. The material presented carbide precipitation at grain boundaries (not yet fully surrounding the grains) and at this point the tube presented no internal corrosion.
338
VIEW
ML00086 / Nov.2017
Intergranular Corrosion of Sensitized 304SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - Heat ExchangerCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite
Micrography of the 1.65 mm thickness tube, in the middle of the thickness of the longitudinal section. This part of the tube is located in position 2, where the temperature was higher and the carbide precipitation increased during service.
272
VIEW
ML00086 / Nov.2017
Intergranular Corrosion of Sensitized 304SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - Heat ExchangerCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Intergranular Precipitation
Micrography of the 1.65 mm thickness tube, in the middle of the thickness of the longitudinal section. This part of the tube is located in position 3, where intergranular and transgranular carbide precipitation occurred during service.
234
VIEW
ML00086 / Nov.2017
Intergranular Corrosion of Sensitized 304SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - Heat ExchangerCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Intragranular Secondary Precipitation
The low magnification image of the internal surface of the tube, in position 2, shows several points of localized corrosion, with intergranular morphology.
193
VIEW
ML00086 / Nov.2017
Intergranular Corrosion of Sensitized 304SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - Heat ExchangerCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Surface Aspect by SEMDf - Intergranular Corrosion
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the tube in position 2, presenting thinning by intergranular corrosion at the internal surface.
193
VIEW
ML00086 / Nov.2017
Intergranular Corrosion of Sensitized 304SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - Heat ExchangerCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Intergranular Corrosion

+3 more from this case →

ML00095 — MIC of a Riser Control LineM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - Oil and GasCd - Brittle Behavior
Aspect of the hydraulic line samples removed from service to be analyzed. Tubing and welded joint (bottom sample) between the 316 tubing (left side of the sample) and the nitronic fitting (right side of the sample). The cracking is located 10 mm far from the weld, autogenous orbital GTAW.
108
VIEW
ML00095 / Sep.2017
MIC of a Riser Control Line
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - Oil and GasCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Scanning electron microscopy image of the external surface of the line at the cracking position showing multiple cracks, branched, transverse to the line axis.
79
VIEW
ML00095 / Sep.2017
MIC of a Riser Control Line
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - Oil and GasCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - Surface Aspect by SEMDf - External Surface
Detail, by scanning electron microscopy, of the external surface of the line at the cracking position presenting branched cracks, transverse to the line axis. The surface of the fitting is fully stained (dark grey), from where the cracks start, indicating that the material loose passivation in these regions.
62
VIEW
ML00095 / Sep.2017
MIC of a Riser Control Line
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - Oil and GasCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - Surface Aspect by SEMDf - Branched Cracks
Detail of the welded joint between the 316 tubing (left side) and the nitronic fitting (right side). The through wall cracking is transverse to the line, in the fitting, 10 mm far from the weld, where the fitting was slightly bent to be assembled (cold bent).
65
VIEW
ML00095 / Sep.2017
MIC of a Riser Control Line
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - Oil and GasCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Welded Joint
The longitudinal section macrography of the welded joint sample shows that the cracks are positioned in the fitting, about 10 mm far from the weld.
60
VIEW
ML00095 / Sep.2017
MIC of a Riser Control Line
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - Oil and GasCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - Macro Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchedDf - Longitudinal Section

+10 more from this case →

ML00051 — Chloride SCC of 316 Heat Exchanger PlateM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Heat Exchanger PartAp - FPSOCd - Stress Corrosion
Macrography of the surface of the cracked heat exchanger plate, manufactured in austenitic stainless steel.
159
VIEW
ML00051 / Apr.2020
Chloride SCC of 316 Heat Exchanger Plate
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Heat Exchanger PartAp - FPSOCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Macro Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchedDf - Cracking
Micrography of the plate material presenting a granular austenitic structure, free from precipitation.
122
VIEW
ML00051 / Apr.2020
Chloride SCC of 316 Heat Exchanger Plate
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Heat Exchanger PartAp - FPSOCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Eletrolytically Etched Micrography by OMDf - Austenite
Micrographic detail of the austenitic microstructure of the heat exchanger plate, free from carbides that suggest the adoption of a material in a solution annealed condition, although the high hardness level indicates cold working.
109
VIEW
ML00051 / Apr.2020
Chloride SCC of 316 Heat Exchanger Plate
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Heat Exchanger PartAp - FPSOCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Eletrolytically Etched Micrography by OMDf - Austenite
Micrography presenting the transgranular morphology of the stress corrosion cracks of the austenitic plate. EDS analysis at the plate surface indicated high Cl peaks.
111
VIEW
ML00051 / Apr.2020
Chloride SCC of 316 Heat Exchanger Plate
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Heat Exchanger PartAp - FPSOCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Eletrolytically Etched Micrography by OMDf - Corrosion Cracking
Micrographic detail of a branch transgranular crack typical of CSCC. Moreover, there is no evidence of intergranular precipitation.
99
VIEW
ML00051 / Apr.2020
Chloride SCC of 316 Heat Exchanger Plate
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Heat Exchanger PartAp - FPSOCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Corrosion Cracking

View all 158 images in the Atlas →

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The location of the threaded fitting started leaking after less than five years in service. Although the corrosion rate was not high, the localized material loss in the threaded surface of the carbon steel flange allowed the connection leakage.
769
VIEW
ML00184 / Apr.2023
Dissimilar Steels in a Threaded Connection
M - Low Carbon SteelP - ForgingAp - OffshoreCd - Localized Dissolution
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Front wheel 17 x 7J of a passenger vehicle (identified as WHEEL 1) that broke during a car accident on a road.
1644
VIEW
ML00183 / Dec.2022
Ductile Behavior of an Aluminum Wheel
M - Aluminum Silicon MagnesiumP - CastingAp - AutomotiveCd - Ductile Behavior
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Tool fixture 5" long, nominal diameter 2", presenting a recess 1/2" deep from two sides. The rupture occurred about 2" from the end of the rod. Scale in milimeters.
523
VIEW
ML00182 / Jul.2022
Brittle Fracture of a LAS Fixing Rod
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - StemAp - Mechanical IndustryCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Pinion of hypoid gearbox, assembled in a 1560-mm long shaft that operated during more than 60,000 hours, and removed from service due to unacceptable wear damage.
1028
VIEW
ML00181 / Apr.2022
Wear of a Carburized Hypoid Gear
M - Low Alloy for Thermochemical TreatmentP - Pinion-crown assemblyAp - ShipCd - Wear
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Aspect of the 3 1/2" diameter tube after the water leakage in high temperature.
963
VIEW
ML00180 / Mar.2022
Local Melting of Copper Cooling Tubes
M - Pure CopperP - Cooling TubeAp - SiderurgyCd - Overheating
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
2" drain line from the main 10" line. The leakage occurred at the margin of the weld, a short time after the introduction of the reinforced ribs to reduce vibration.
641
VIEW
ML00179 / Feb.2022
Hydrides in Titanium Weld
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - In Field WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Field photoDf - General View
The drilling connector, 21" diameter, presented a crack at the margin of the weld in the forging side (left side of the weld in the figure).
745
VIEW
ML00178 / Jan.2022
Cold cracks in Cr-Mo Welded Forging
M - CrMo SteelP - ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Macrography of the longitudinally seam weld of the 24" diameter tube, showing that it was welded from both sides and there is a segregation line in the center of the tube thickness.
737
VIEW
ML00177 / Dec.2021
Cr-Mo Seam Welded Tube
M - CrMo SteelP - Longitudinally Seam WeldedAp - Fired HeaterCd - Not according to spec
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Seam
The titanium rotor blade of a flowmeter broke after two years in service in an acid environment, containing H2S.
339
VIEW
ML00176 / Nov.2021
Hydride Formation in a Titanium Blade
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - BladeAp - Oil and GasCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Aspect of the wire rope, 1 1/2" diameter, presenting regions of flattened areas at the surface of the outer wires. It is a 6 x 19 Seale construction, right regular lay.
553
VIEW
ML00175 / Aug.2021
Localized External Wear of a Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Wear
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
The carcass was manufactured using niobium stabilized plates, grade AISI 347, with circumferential welds, where the through wall cracks were detected.
302
VIEW
ML00174 / Jul.2021
Carburization of a 347 SS Welded Joint
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - EnergyCd - Carburization
Cm - Field photoDf - General View
Aged microstructure of the HP stainless steel, modified with 1%Nb, cast fitting, tubular, operating for 6 years in a furnace which design temperature is 1100°C. The material presented a network of primary carbides, white and grey, and an austenitic matrix with coalescing secondary precipitation. Some voids. The Vickers identation indicates a hardness value about 260HV 100g in the aged austenitic matrix.
492
VIEW
ML00173 / May.2021
Welding Cracks in an Aged HP Cast Fitting
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Cast FtittingAp - PetrochemicalCd - Welding
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Microhardness identations

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