THE MATERIALS ATLAS.
DISCOVER IT.

About the atlas

Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

16 images

TryAusteniteML00089corrosionGranularML00069brittle fractureFerrous Alloysductile behaviorHigh Alloy SteelfatigueDamagehydrogenCorrosionfractureembrittlementstress corrosion
Application: Piping Capture method: Optical Microscope Detail focus: Microstructure clear all
M

Material

79 classified

Browse all Material →
P

Product

96 classified

Browse all Product →
Ap

Application

37 classified

Browse all Application →
C

Condition

84 classified

Browse all Condition →
Cm

Capture method

52 classified

Browse all Capture method →
Df

Detail focus

208 classified

Browse all Detail focus →

Sharpest next filters

Browse by category (2)
Microstructure12
+4 more
Standard25
+17 more

The Materials
Image Database

16 images
Tempered martensitic microstructure in the transverse section of the nut, in the center. The material presented 29 HRc that is typical of a quenched and tempered steel.
30
VIEW
ML00099 / Jan.2018
Forging Defect in a Cadmium Plated Nut
M - Medium Carbon SteelP - NutAp - PipingCd - Fabrication Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
Micrography of the nut in the longitudinal direction, at the Nylon insert position, showing a cold formed region at the end of the nut, with high hardness levels (about 600 HV100g).
53
VIEW
ML00062 / Apr.2017
Inconel 718 Lock Nut with Polymer Insert
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - Cold FormedAp - PipingCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Strain Hardened
Longitudinal section of the main pipe showing as austenitic structure with small amount of delta ferrite, aligned. The white band in the center of the figure is a segregation band that was not fully etched.
133
VIEW
ML00006 / Apr.2017
Vibration Induced Fatigue in 304SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - PipingCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite
The microstructure of the pipe base metal, in the center of the thickness, is granular alpha.
102
VIEW
ML00005 / Apr.2017
Environmental Hydrogen Damage in Ti Pipe
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - PipingCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Kroll Etched Micrography by OMDf - Granular structure
Longitudinal section of the fitting in the center of the thickness (2"). Refined ferritic structure.
370
VIEW
ML00030 / Jan.2017
Forging for High Pressure Application
M - Microalloyed SteelP - Machined PartAp - Oil and GasCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Bainitic Ferrite
Austenitic structure at the transverse section of the pipe, free from carbides.
277
VIEW
ML00014 / Apr.2017
Pitting Corrosion in 316SS Pipe
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - FPSOCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite
Micrography of the flange in the longitudinal section. The flange microstructure is ferritic austenitic, presenting a coarse structure.
102
VIEW
ML00002 / Jan.2018
Preferential Dissolution and Cracks in SDSS
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - PipingCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Coarse Structure

More from these cases

ML00099 — Forging Defect in a Cadmium Plated NutM - Medium Carbon SteelP - NutAp - PipingCd - Fabrication Defect
Ferritic-bainitic microstructure in the transverse section of the nut, at the surface where the cadmium plate is also evident. The nut surface presents a decarburized layer and the lap entrapped oxides.
30
VIEW
ML00099 / Jan.2018
Forging Defect in a Cadmium Plated Nut
M - Medium Carbon SteelP - NutAp - PipingCd - Fabrication Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Bainitic Ferrite
ML00062 — Inconel 718 Lock Nut with Polymer InsertM - NiCrFe AlloyP - Cold FormedAp - PipingCd - Typical manufacturing
Micrographic detail of the nut at the cold formed region where the nut was bent over the Nylon insert. It is possible to see strain hardened structures (600HV 100g).
41
VIEW
ML00062 / Apr.2017
Inconel 718 Lock Nut with Polymer Insert
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - Cold FormedAp - PipingCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Strain Hardened
ML00006 — Vibration Induced Fatigue in 304SSM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - PipingCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Longitudinal section of the main pipe showing as austenitic structure with small amount of delta ferrite, aligned (black dots).
117
VIEW
ML00006 / Apr.2017
Vibration Induced Fatigue in 304SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - PipingCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite
ML00005 — Environmental Hydrogen Damage in Ti PipeM - Unalloyed TitaniumP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - PipingCd - Hydride Formation
The microstructure of the pipe seam weld metal, in the center of the thickness, presents a coarse prior beta grain size.
85
VIEW
ML00005 / Apr.2017
Environmental Hydrogen Damage in Ti Pipe
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - PipingCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Kroll Etched Micrography by OMDf - Columnar Grains
ML00030 — Forging for High Pressure ApplicationM - Microalloyed SteelP - Machined PartAp - Oil and GasCd - Typical manufacturing
Longitudinal section of the fitting in the center of the thickness (2"). Refined ferritic structure.
66
VIEW
ML00030 / Jan.2017
Forging for High Pressure Application
M - Microalloyed SteelP - Machined PartAp - Oil and GasCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Grain refined structure
Longitudinal section of the fitting in the center of the thickness (2"). Refined ferritic structure.
63
VIEW
ML00030 / Jan.2017
Forging for High Pressure Application
M - Microalloyed SteelP - Machined PartAp - Oil and GasCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Grain refined structure
ML00014 — Pitting Corrosion in 316SS PipeM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - FPSOCd - Pitting Corrosion
Austenitic structure, free from carbides, exactly in the region of the pitting, indicating that the corrosion is not associated to the material microstructure.
261
VIEW
ML00014 / Apr.2017
Pitting Corrosion in 316SS Pipe
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - FPSOCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite
ML00002 — Preferential Dissolution and Cracks in SDSSM - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - PipingCd - Preferential Dissolution
Micrographic detail of the flange microstructure in the longitudinal section. The flange is ferritic austenitic, presenting 70% of austenite. In the ferrite network there are evidences of precipitation/formation of detrimental phases.
113
VIEW
ML00002 / Jan.2018
Preferential Dissolution and Cracks in SDSS
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - PipingCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Duplex structure
Micrographic detail of the flange microstructure in the longitudinal section. The flange is ferritic austenitic, presenting 70% of austenite. In the ferrite network there are evidences of precipitation/formation of detrimental phases.
100
VIEW
ML00002 / Jan.2018
Preferential Dissolution and Cracks in SDSS
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - PipingCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Duplex structure

View all 16 images in the Atlas →

most recent

The location of the threaded fitting started leaking after less than five years in service. Although the corrosion rate was not high, the localized material loss in the threaded surface of the carbon steel flange allowed the connection leakage.
769
VIEW
ML00184 / Apr.2023
Dissimilar Steels in a Threaded Connection
M - Low Carbon SteelP - ForgingAp - OffshoreCd - Localized Dissolution
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Front wheel 17 x 7J of a passenger vehicle (identified as WHEEL 1) that broke during a car accident on a road.
1644
VIEW
ML00183 / Dec.2022
Ductile Behavior of an Aluminum Wheel
M - Aluminum Silicon MagnesiumP - CastingAp - AutomotiveCd - Ductile Behavior
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Tool fixture 5" long, nominal diameter 2", presenting a recess 1/2" deep from two sides. The rupture occurred about 2" from the end of the rod. Scale in milimeters.
523
VIEW
ML00182 / Jul.2022
Brittle Fracture of a LAS Fixing Rod
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - StemAp - Mechanical IndustryCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Pinion of hypoid gearbox, assembled in a 1560-mm long shaft that operated during more than 60,000 hours, and removed from service due to unacceptable wear damage.
1028
VIEW
ML00181 / Apr.2022
Wear of a Carburized Hypoid Gear
M - Low Alloy for Thermochemical TreatmentP - Pinion-crown assemblyAp - ShipCd - Wear
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Aspect of the 3 1/2" diameter tube after the water leakage in high temperature.
962
VIEW
ML00180 / Mar.2022
Local Melting of Copper Cooling Tubes
M - Pure CopperP - Cooling TubeAp - SiderurgyCd - Overheating
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
2" drain line from the main 10" line. The leakage occurred at the margin of the weld, a short time after the introduction of the reinforced ribs to reduce vibration.
641
VIEW
ML00179 / Feb.2022
Hydrides in Titanium Weld
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - In Field WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Field photoDf - General View
The drilling connector, 21" diameter, presented a crack at the margin of the weld in the forging side (left side of the weld in the figure).
745
VIEW
ML00178 / Jan.2022
Cold cracks in Cr-Mo Welded Forging
M - CrMo SteelP - ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Macrography of the longitudinally seam weld of the 24" diameter tube, showing that it was welded from both sides and there is a segregation line in the center of the tube thickness.
737
VIEW
ML00177 / Dec.2021
Cr-Mo Seam Welded Tube
M - CrMo SteelP - Longitudinally Seam WeldedAp - Fired HeaterCd - Not according to spec
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Seam
The titanium rotor blade of a flowmeter broke after two years in service in an acid environment, containing H2S.
339
VIEW
ML00176 / Nov.2021
Hydride Formation in a Titanium Blade
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - BladeAp - Oil and GasCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Aspect of the wire rope, 1 1/2" diameter, presenting regions of flattened areas at the surface of the outer wires. It is a 6 x 19 Seale construction, right regular lay.
552
VIEW
ML00175 / Aug.2021
Localized External Wear of a Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Wear
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
The carcass was manufactured using niobium stabilized plates, grade AISI 347, with circumferential welds, where the through wall cracks were detected.
301
VIEW
ML00174 / Jul.2021
Carburization of a 347 SS Welded Joint
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - EnergyCd - Carburization
Cm - Field photoDf - General View
Aged microstructure of the HP stainless steel, modified with 1%Nb, cast fitting, tubular, operating for 6 years in a furnace which design temperature is 1100°C. The material presented a network of primary carbides, white and grey, and an austenitic matrix with coalescing secondary precipitation. Some voids. The Vickers identation indicates a hardness value about 260HV 100g in the aged austenitic matrix.
492
VIEW
ML00173 / May.2021
Welding Cracks in an Aged HP Cast Fitting
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Cast FtittingAp - PetrochemicalCd - Welding
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Microhardness identations

Partners

Companies involved

TECMETAL