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Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

162 images

TryFPSOML00073corrosionOffshoreML00157brittle fractureAusteniteductile behaviorDuplex Ferritic AusteniticfatigueRemoved From ServicehydrogenUsedfractureembrittlementstress corrosion
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M

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96 classified

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Ap

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37 classified

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C

Condition

84 classified

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52 classified

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The Materials
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162 images
The 8" ND, 1 1/4" thick, seamless pipe that was welded by GMAW process in 6G position. The testpiece was adopted for ASME IX qualification tests.
402
VIEW
ML00066 / May.2017
GMAW Welded Joint in 9%Ni Alloy Steel
M - Nickel Alloy SteelP - Welded Testpiece for QualificationAp - PipelineCd - Welding
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Welded Joint
Macrography showing the different regions of a pipe-to-plate fillet weld. See the schematic drawing in the next image
954
VIEW
ML00052 / Apr.2017
Cold Cracks in API 5CT L80 Tube Welded to a Structural Part
M - Low Alloy SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - OffshoreCd - Welding Defect
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Fracture
Aspect of the wheel. See the schematic drawing in the next figure
467
VIEW
ML00070 / Jan.2019
Automotive Light Alloy Wheel Repaired By Welding
M - Aluminum Silicon MagnesiumP - RimAp - AutomotiveCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Image of the surface of the blade, after preparation and Kalling etch, revealing the welded joint between the original casting and the insert casting adopted in the remanufacture. See the schematic drawing in the next figure
341
VIEW
ML00055 / Apr.2017
CA6NM Blade Remanufactured by Welding
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Remanufacture by WeldingAp - EnergyCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Surface AspectDf - Welded Joint
Macrography of the welded joint upper part. Transverse section showing the different zones studied in this ML. See the schematic drawing in the next image.
454
VIEW
ML00045 / Aug.2017
Subsea Tubular F6NM Martensitic SS
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - OffshoreCd - Welding
Cm - Kalling Etched MacroDf - Welded Joint
Internal surface detail of the 3 1/2" pipe, cut in a longitudinal section (transverse to the weld), presenting a localized corrosion at the margin of the welded joint (Keller etched), in the root. The pipeline was assembled with pipes manufactured in two different aluminum alloys, AA 3003 (top of the figure) and AA 6063 (bottom of the figure), and the localized corrosion occurred at the fusion line of the 6063 pipe.
1296
VIEW
ML00059 / Feb.2018
Intergranular Corrosion of Aluminum Piping
M - Aluminum ManganeseP - Welded JointAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Surface AspectDf - Welded Joint
Image by scanning electron microscopy of the metallurgically bonded interface of the composite seamless tube (carbon steel externally claded with stainless steel), in the side of the stainless steel where a strain hardening effect plus a carbide precipitation in twins is shown. The hardness of this region (279 HV0.3) is a lot higher than the value obtained out of this region (167 HV0.3) for the same stainless steel.
814
VIEW
ML00056 / May.2018
Seamless Tube Externally Cladded with SS
M - Carbon Steel / Stainless SteelP - CladdingAp - Pulp and PaperCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Electrolytic Etch Micrography by SEMDf - Clad Interface
Aspect of the heat exchanger plate showing the rupture of the plate in multiple cracks, starting at the side of the crude oil with high salinity.
727
VIEW
ML00051 / Apr.2020
Chloride SCC of 316 Heat Exchanger Plate
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Heat Exchanger PartAp - FPSOCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Cracking

More from these cases

ML00066 — GMAW Welded Joint in 9%Ni Alloy SteelM - Nickel Alloy SteelP - Welded Testpiece for QualificationAp - PipelineCd - Welding
Transversal section of the 625 nickel alloy multipass weld. Pipe of 1 1/4' thickness
71
VIEW
ML00066 / May.2017
GMAW Welded Joint in 9%Ni Alloy Steel
M - Nickel Alloy SteelP - Welded Testpiece for QualificationAp - PipelineCd - Welding
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Welded Joint
Schematic drawing presenting the transversal section of the 625 nickel alloy multipass weld
55
VIEW
ML00066 / May.2017
GMAW Welded Joint in 9%Ni Alloy Steel
M - Nickel Alloy SteelP - Welded Testpiece for QualificationAp - PipelineCd - Welding
Cm - Identification drawingDf - Welded Joint
Micrography of the base metal presenting a banded microstructure in the longitudinal section of the pipe.
51
VIEW
ML00066 / May.2017
GMAW Welded Joint in 9%Ni Alloy Steel
M - Nickel Alloy SteelP - Welded Testpiece for QualificationAp - PipelineCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal
Micrographic detail of a longitudinal section of the base metal presenting a quenched and tempered microstructure.
49
VIEW
ML00066 / May.2017
GMAW Welded Joint in 9%Ni Alloy Steel
M - Nickel Alloy SteelP - Welded Testpiece for QualificationAp - PipelineCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal
Micrographic detail of the low temperature heat affected zone of the pipe. The intercritical temperature (IC) is evident in the decorated grain boundaries of the previous austenite.
42
VIEW
ML00066 / May.2017
GMAW Welded Joint in 9%Ni Alloy Steel
M - Nickel Alloy SteelP - Welded Testpiece for QualificationAp - PipelineCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Heat Affected Zone

+11 more from this case →

ML00052 — Cold Cracks in API 5CT L80 Tube Welded to a Structural PartM - Low Alloy SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - OffshoreCd - Welding Defect
Schematic drawing presenting the different regions of a pipe-to-plate fillet weld.
71
VIEW
ML00052 / Apr.2017
Cold Cracks in API 5CT L80 Tube Welded to a Structural Part
M - Low Alloy SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - OffshoreCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Identification drawingDf - Fracture
Macrography of the fillet welded joint between the 3" ND tube and the 3/4" thick plate. See the schematic drawing in the next figure
56
VIEW
ML00052 / Apr.2017
Cold Cracks in API 5CT L80 Tube Welded to a Structural Part
M - Low Alloy SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - OffshoreCd - Welding Defect
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Welded Joint
Schematic drawing presenting the position of the cracking, at the margin of the weld in the tube and underbead.
47
VIEW
ML00052 / Apr.2017
Cold Cracks in API 5CT L80 Tube Welded to a Structural Part
M - Low Alloy SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - OffshoreCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Identification drawingDf - Welded Joint
The micrography shows the region underbead, of the tube HAZ, responsible for the hydrogen cracking (fracture in the right side of the photo - black). The hardness of the HAZ is about 600 HV.
55
VIEW
ML00052 / Apr.2017
Cold Cracks in API 5CT L80 Tube Welded to a Structural Part
M - Low Alloy SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - OffshoreCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Cracking
Low carbon plate base metal presenting the ferritic perlitic structure.
55
VIEW
ML00052 / Apr.2017
Cold Cracks in API 5CT L80 Tube Welded to a Structural Part
M - Low Alloy SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - OffshoreCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal

+13 more from this case →

ML00070 — Automotive Light Alloy Wheel Repaired By WeldingM - Aluminum Silicon MagnesiumP - RimAp - AutomotiveCd - Removed From Service
Schematic drawing presenting the position in the rim where the repair by welding was conducted. The region was machined after the welding.
77
VIEW
ML00070 / Jan.2019
Automotive Light Alloy Wheel Repaired By Welding
M - Aluminum Silicon MagnesiumP - RimAp - AutomotiveCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Identification drawingDf - Weld Repair
Profile of the rim of the wheel, total width 215 mm. See the schematic drawing in the next figure.
64
VIEW
ML00070 / Jan.2019
Automotive Light Alloy Wheel Repaired By Welding
M - Aluminum Silicon MagnesiumP - RimAp - AutomotiveCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Transverse Section AspectDf - Transverse Section
Schematic drawing indicating the location of the repair by welding
60
VIEW
ML00070 / Jan.2019
Automotive Light Alloy Wheel Repaired By Welding
M - Aluminum Silicon MagnesiumP - RimAp - AutomotiveCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Identification drawingDf - Transverse Section
Detail of the welded region in the rim of the light alloy wheel.
126
VIEW
ML00070 / Jan.2019
Automotive Light Alloy Wheel Repaired By Welding
M - Aluminum Silicon MagnesiumP - RimAp - AutomotiveCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - At the Surface
Aspect of the welded region after dye check showing several indications, later identified as hot cracks associated to the repair welding.
114
VIEW
ML00070 / Jan.2019
Automotive Light Alloy Wheel Repaired By Welding
M - Aluminum Silicon MagnesiumP - RimAp - AutomotiveCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Aspect by NDTDf - Cracks

+14 more from this case →

ML00055 — CA6NM Blade Remanufactured by WeldingM - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Remanufacture by WeldingAp - EnergyCd - Removed From Service
Schematic drawing presenting the surface of the blade
40
VIEW
ML00055 / Apr.2017
CA6NM Blade Remanufactured by Welding
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Remanufacture by WeldingAp - EnergyCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Identification drawingDf - Welded Joint
Original casting base metal presenting a coarse martensitic structure with a small amount of delta ferrite.
50
VIEW
ML00055 / Apr.2017
CA6NM Blade Remanufactured by Welding
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Remanufacture by WeldingAp - EnergyCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal Left Side
Micrographic detail of the original casting blade structure. The tempered martensite is more clearly revealed by the scanning electron microscopy. The average hardness level measured in this side is 270 HV.
70
VIEW
ML00055 / Apr.2017
CA6NM Blade Remanufactured by Welding
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Remanufacture by WeldingAp - EnergyCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by SEMDf - Base Metal Left Side
Higher magnification of the martensitic structure of the original casting blade structure, hardness level of 270HV10.
26
VIEW
ML00055 / Apr.2017
CA6NM Blade Remanufactured by Welding
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Remanufacture by WeldingAp - EnergyCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by SEMDf - Base Metal Left Side
Inserted casting base metal presenting a coarse martensitic structure with a small amount of delta ferrite.
24
VIEW
ML00055 / Apr.2017
CA6NM Blade Remanufactured by Welding
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Remanufacture by WeldingAp - EnergyCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal Right Side

+19 more from this case →

ML00045 — Subsea Tubular F6NM Martensitic SSM - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - OffshoreCd - Welding
Schematic drawing presenting the different zones of the welded joint at the upper part.
49
VIEW
ML00045 / Aug.2017
Subsea Tubular F6NM Martensitic SS
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - OffshoreCd - Welding
Cm - Identification drawingDf - Welded Joint
Macrography of the welded joint, at the root position, presenting the different zones studied in this ML. Transverse section. See the schematic drawing in the next image.
47
VIEW
ML00045 / Aug.2017
Subsea Tubular F6NM Martensitic SS
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - OffshoreCd - Welding
Cm - Kalling Etched MacroDf - Welded Joint
Schematic drawing presenting the different zones of the welded joint
35
VIEW
ML00045 / Aug.2017
Subsea Tubular F6NM Martensitic SS
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - OffshoreCd - Welding
Cm - Identification drawingDf - Welded Joint
Base metal micrographic detail presenting a tempered martensitic microstructure.
27
VIEW
ML00045 / Aug.2017
Subsea Tubular F6NM Martensitic SS
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - OffshoreCd - Welding
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal
Micrographic detail of the heat-affected zone close to the base metal.
29
VIEW
ML00045 / Aug.2017
Subsea Tubular F6NM Martensitic SS
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - OffshoreCd - Welding
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Heat Affected Zone

+15 more from this case →

ML00059 — Intergranular Corrosion of Aluminum PipingM - Aluminum ManganeseP - Welded JointAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Intergranular Corrosion
The macrography of the welded joint shows the AA 6063 alloy pipe in the right and the AA 3003 pipe in the left, welded in two passes. The root presents small regions of corrosion in the weld metal and a localized corrosion at the fusion line of the 6063 pipe (knife-line attack morphology).
397
VIEW
ML00059 / Feb.2018
Intergranular Corrosion of Aluminum Piping
M - Aluminum ManganeseP - Welded JointAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Keller Etched MacroDf - Localized Corrosion
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe AA 3003. Granular structure that reveals the forming direction and dispersed particles.
229
VIEW
ML00059 / Feb.2018
Intergranular Corrosion of Aluminum Piping
M - Aluminum ManganeseP - Welded JointAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Keller Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal Left Side
Micrographic detail of a longitudinal section of the pipe AA 3003. Granular structure and dispersed particles.
199
VIEW
ML00059 / Feb.2018
Intergranular Corrosion of Aluminum Piping
M - Aluminum ManganeseP - Welded JointAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Keller Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal Left Side
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe AA 6063. Granular structure and dispersed particles.
169
VIEW
ML00059 / Feb.2018
Intergranular Corrosion of Aluminum Piping
M - Aluminum ManganeseP - Welded JointAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Keller Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal Right Side
Micrographic detail of a longitudinal section of the pipe AA 6063. Granular structure and dispersed particles.
138
VIEW
ML00059 / Feb.2018
Intergranular Corrosion of Aluminum Piping
M - Aluminum ManganeseP - Welded JointAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Keller Etched MacroDf - Base Metal Right Side

+12 more from this case →

ML00056 — Seamless Tube Externally Cladded with SSM - Carbon Steel / Stainless SteelP - CladdingAp - Pulp and PaperCd - Removed From Service
The 2 1/2" nominal diameter seamless tube is externally cladded with stainless steel.
196
VIEW
ML00056 / May.2018
Seamless Tube Externally Cladded with SS
M - Carbon Steel / Stainless SteelP - CladdingAp - Pulp and PaperCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Welded Joint
The macrography of a transverse section shows the carbon steel tube, externally cladded with stainless steel. The tube was removed from service where it was welded to other tubes to form a wall.
156
VIEW
ML00056 / May.2018
Seamless Tube Externally Cladded with SS
M - Carbon Steel / Stainless SteelP - CladdingAp - Pulp and PaperCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Kalling Etched MacroDf - Transverse Section
Macrography of the tube transversal section presenting the studied assembly.
136
VIEW
ML00056 / May.2018
Seamless Tube Externally Cladded with SS
M - Carbon Steel / Stainless SteelP - CladdingAp - Pulp and PaperCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Macro Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchedDf - Transverse Section
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe showing that the carbon steel pipe is slightly banded and there is a decarburized layer at the solid solution welded interface. The stainless steel structure (in the right side of the figure) is not revealed using the Nital etch.
124
VIEW
ML00056 / May.2018
Seamless Tube Externally Cladded with SS
M - Carbon Steel / Stainless SteelP - CladdingAp - Pulp and PaperCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Longitudinal Section
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe showing the carbon steel pipe , internal.
122
VIEW
ML00056 / May.2018
Seamless Tube Externally Cladded with SS
M - Carbon Steel / Stainless SteelP - CladdingAp - Pulp and PaperCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite

+7 more from this case →

ML00051 — Chloride SCC of 316 Heat Exchanger PlateM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Heat Exchanger PartAp - FPSOCd - Stress Corrosion
Macrography of the surface of the cracked heat exchanger plate, manufactured in austenitic stainless steel.
159
VIEW
ML00051 / Apr.2020
Chloride SCC of 316 Heat Exchanger Plate
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Heat Exchanger PartAp - FPSOCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Macro Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchedDf - Cracking
Micrography of the plate material presenting a granular austenitic structure, free from precipitation.
122
VIEW
ML00051 / Apr.2020
Chloride SCC of 316 Heat Exchanger Plate
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Heat Exchanger PartAp - FPSOCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Eletrolytically Etched Micrography by OMDf - Austenite
Micrographic detail of the austenitic microstructure of the heat exchanger plate, free from carbides that suggest the adoption of a material in a solution annealed condition, although the high hardness level indicates cold working.
109
VIEW
ML00051 / Apr.2020
Chloride SCC of 316 Heat Exchanger Plate
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Heat Exchanger PartAp - FPSOCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Eletrolytically Etched Micrography by OMDf - Austenite
Micrography presenting the transgranular morphology of the stress corrosion cracks of the austenitic plate. EDS analysis at the plate surface indicated high Cl peaks.
111
VIEW
ML00051 / Apr.2020
Chloride SCC of 316 Heat Exchanger Plate
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Heat Exchanger PartAp - FPSOCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Eletrolytically Etched Micrography by OMDf - Corrosion Cracking
Micrographic detail of a branch transgranular crack typical of CSCC. Moreover, there is no evidence of intergranular precipitation.
99
VIEW
ML00051 / Apr.2020
Chloride SCC of 316 Heat Exchanger Plate
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Heat Exchanger PartAp - FPSOCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Corrosion Cracking

View all 162 images in the Atlas →

most recent

The location of the threaded fitting started leaking after less than five years in service. Although the corrosion rate was not high, the localized material loss in the threaded surface of the carbon steel flange allowed the connection leakage.
769
VIEW
ML00184 / Apr.2023
Dissimilar Steels in a Threaded Connection
M - Low Carbon SteelP - ForgingAp - OffshoreCd - Localized Dissolution
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Front wheel 17 x 7J of a passenger vehicle (identified as WHEEL 1) that broke during a car accident on a road.
1644
VIEW
ML00183 / Dec.2022
Ductile Behavior of an Aluminum Wheel
M - Aluminum Silicon MagnesiumP - CastingAp - AutomotiveCd - Ductile Behavior
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Tool fixture 5" long, nominal diameter 2", presenting a recess 1/2" deep from two sides. The rupture occurred about 2" from the end of the rod. Scale in milimeters.
523
VIEW
ML00182 / Jul.2022
Brittle Fracture of a LAS Fixing Rod
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - StemAp - Mechanical IndustryCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Pinion of hypoid gearbox, assembled in a 1560-mm long shaft that operated during more than 60,000 hours, and removed from service due to unacceptable wear damage.
1028
VIEW
ML00181 / Apr.2022
Wear of a Carburized Hypoid Gear
M - Low Alloy for Thermochemical TreatmentP - Pinion-crown assemblyAp - ShipCd - Wear
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Aspect of the 3 1/2" diameter tube after the water leakage in high temperature.
962
VIEW
ML00180 / Mar.2022
Local Melting of Copper Cooling Tubes
M - Pure CopperP - Cooling TubeAp - SiderurgyCd - Overheating
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
2" drain line from the main 10" line. The leakage occurred at the margin of the weld, a short time after the introduction of the reinforced ribs to reduce vibration.
641
VIEW
ML00179 / Feb.2022
Hydrides in Titanium Weld
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - In Field WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Field photoDf - General View
The drilling connector, 21" diameter, presented a crack at the margin of the weld in the forging side (left side of the weld in the figure).
744
VIEW
ML00178 / Jan.2022
Cold cracks in Cr-Mo Welded Forging
M - CrMo SteelP - ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Macrography of the longitudinally seam weld of the 24" diameter tube, showing that it was welded from both sides and there is a segregation line in the center of the tube thickness.
737
VIEW
ML00177 / Dec.2021
Cr-Mo Seam Welded Tube
M - CrMo SteelP - Longitudinally Seam WeldedAp - Fired HeaterCd - Not according to spec
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Seam
The titanium rotor blade of a flowmeter broke after two years in service in an acid environment, containing H2S.
339
VIEW
ML00176 / Nov.2021
Hydride Formation in a Titanium Blade
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - BladeAp - Oil and GasCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Aspect of the wire rope, 1 1/2" diameter, presenting regions of flattened areas at the surface of the outer wires. It is a 6 x 19 Seale construction, right regular lay.
552
VIEW
ML00175 / Aug.2021
Localized External Wear of a Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Wear
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
The carcass was manufactured using niobium stabilized plates, grade AISI 347, with circumferential welds, where the through wall cracks were detected.
300
VIEW
ML00174 / Jul.2021
Carburization of a 347 SS Welded Joint
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - EnergyCd - Carburization
Cm - Field photoDf - General View
Aged microstructure of the HP stainless steel, modified with 1%Nb, cast fitting, tubular, operating for 6 years in a furnace which design temperature is 1100°C. The material presented a network of primary carbides, white and grey, and an austenitic matrix with coalescing secondary precipitation. Some voids. The Vickers identation indicates a hardness value about 260HV 100g in the aged austenitic matrix.
491
VIEW
ML00173 / May.2021
Welding Cracks in an Aged HP Cast Fitting
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Cast FtittingAp - PetrochemicalCd - Welding
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Microhardness identations

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