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Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

137 images

TryO&G Well DrillingML00081corrosionOil and GasML00068brittle fractureUNSductile behaviorAfatigueDamagehydrogenCorrosionfractureembrittlementstress corrosion
Product: Raw Material Microstructure: Tempered Martensite Capture method: Optical Microscope clear all
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Standard43
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The Materials
Image Database

137 images
Quenched and tempered structure of the F22 steel forging, presenting about 230HV10 average hardness.
133
VIEW
ML00178 / Jan.2022
Cold cracks in Cr-Mo Welded Forging
M - CrMo SteelP - ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal
Micrography of the plate in a section, showing a martensitic structure in the middle of the thickness.
63
VIEW
ML00142 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on AR500 Plate
M - Low Alloy Wear ResistantP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
Micrography of a transverse section of the ring presenting a uniform tempered martensite structure.
43
VIEW
ML00124 / Feb.2018
MIC of a Martensitic Valve Ring
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - ForgingAp - EnergyCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
Micrography, as polished, of the transverse section of the forged pin with the layer applied by a (thermal) spray and fuse process. The structure of the layer that is 0.7 mm thick, presented entrapped pores and globular oxides. The layer was melted after application by thermal spray (in this case using a flame) and the pin was quenched and tempered after the full application and melting of the layer.
360
VIEW
ML00109 / Jan.2018
Thermal Spray and Fuse Layer in Forged Pin
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Thermal spray
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Transverse Section
Micrography of the tool steel, in the longitudinal section of the part. The material presented a uniform structure, tempered martensite. The tempering was in low temperature since the hardness is high (58 HRc at the surface).
87
VIEW
ML00084 / Mar.2020
Walrus Tool Steel
M - High Carbon Tool SteelP - ForgingAp - Mechanical IndustryCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Uniform Structure
Micrography of a transverse section of the lifting part, showing interdendritic voids close to the surface at the inner diameter of the padeye. The microstructure is tempered martensite.
450
VIEW
ML00098 / Nov.2017
Brittle Fracture of a Casting Lifting Device
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - CastingAp - LiftingCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Casting defects
Micrography of the external surface of the tubular equipment, close to the fracture position (it is to the top of the figure), showing multiple cracks, typical of a corrosion fatigue mechanism.
861
VIEW
ML00082 / Dec.2017
Corrosion Fatigue of a Drilling Tool
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Multiple cracks
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the pin, presenting a tempered martensitic structure with aligned delta ferrite and carbide phases.
80
VIEW
ML00046 / Jan.2018
Brittle Fracture of SS Shear Pin
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Machined PartAp - EnergyCd - Intergranular Cracking
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite, delta ferrite & carbides

More from these cases

ML00178 — Cold cracks in Cr-Mo Welded ForgingM - CrMo SteelP - ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Tempered martensitic structure for the F22 forging base metal.
129
VIEW
ML00178 / Jan.2022
Cold cracks in Cr-Mo Welded Forging
M - CrMo SteelP - ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Tempered Martensite
Fusion line of the forging side, in the cap, showing the weld metal (to the top of the image) and the base metal (to the bottom of the image). The heat affected zone hardness is about 270HV10.
108
VIEW
ML00178 / Jan.2022
Cold cracks in Cr-Mo Welded Forging
M - CrMo SteelP - ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Heat Affected Zone
Grain coarsened martensitic heat affected zone. The hardness values about 270HV10 indicates that the joint was post welding heat treated (PWHT).
97
VIEW
ML00178 / Jan.2022
Cold cracks in Cr-Mo Welded Forging
M - CrMo SteelP - ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
Detail of the quenched and tempered martensitic structure at the heat affected zone.
64
VIEW
ML00178 / Jan.2022
Cold cracks in Cr-Mo Welded Forging
M - CrMo SteelP - ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Tempered Martensite
The columnar grains of the weld metal in the cap presented a martensitic structure.
60
VIEW
ML00178 / Jan.2022
Cold cracks in Cr-Mo Welded Forging
M - CrMo SteelP - ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Weld Metal

+1 more from this case →

ML00142 — Impact of a .308 Winchester on AR500 PlateM - Low Alloy Wear ResistantP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Micrographic detail of the plate in a section, showing a martensitic structure in the middle of the thickness.
56
VIEW
ML00142 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on AR500 Plate
M - Low Alloy Wear ResistantP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
Micrographic detail of the high hardness martensitic structure. Uniform structure.
58
VIEW
ML00142 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on AR500 Plate
M - Low Alloy Wear ResistantP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
Micrographic detail of the high hardness martensitic structure. Exactly in the middle of the plate it is possible to see some aligned inclusions.
60
VIEW
ML00142 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on AR500 Plate
M - Low Alloy Wear ResistantP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
Micrography of the plate section, as polished, close to the surface that suffered the impact. No evidences of damage.
26
VIEW
ML00142 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on AR500 Plate
M - Low Alloy Wear ResistantP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - At the Surface
Micrography of the plate section, as polished, close to the surface that suffered the impact. At this magnification it is possible to see a deposit over the plate surface, but no evidences of damage in the plate.
25
VIEW
ML00142 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on AR500 Plate
M - Low Alloy Wear ResistantP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Non-Pierced
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - At the Surface

+7 more from this case →

ML00124 — MIC of a Martensitic Valve RingM - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - ForgingAp - EnergyCd - Brittle Behavior
Micrography of a transverse section of the ring, at the pitting position, as polished, showing that there are intergranular cracks and the martensitic structure is corroded (chemical dissolution) inside the pitting.
33
VIEW
ML00124 / Feb.2018
MIC of a Martensitic Valve Ring
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - ForgingAp - EnergyCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Corrosion
Micrographic detail of a transverse section of the ring, showing the corroded martensitic structure (chemical dissolution) inside the pitting.
32
VIEW
ML00124 / Feb.2018
MIC of a Martensitic Valve Ring
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - ForgingAp - EnergyCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Corrosion
Micrographic detail of a transverse section of the ring, showing the corroded martensitic structure (chemical dissolution) inside the pitting.
33
VIEW
ML00124 / Feb.2018
MIC of a Martensitic Valve Ring
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - ForgingAp - EnergyCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Intergranular Cracking
Micrography of a transverse section of the ring at the cracking position. The cracks are intergranular and opened at the position close to the surface.
27
VIEW
ML00124 / Feb.2018
MIC of a Martensitic Valve Ring
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - ForgingAp - EnergyCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
Micrography of a transverse section of the ring at the cracking position. The cracks are intergranular and opened at the position close to the surface. it is possible to identify dissolution of the structure adjacent to the grain boundaries,
25
VIEW
ML00124 / Feb.2018
MIC of a Martensitic Valve Ring
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - ForgingAp - EnergyCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Crack

+4 more from this case →

ML00109 — Thermal Spray and Fuse Layer in Forged PinM - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Thermal spray
Micrography, as polished, of the transverse section of the forged pin with the layer applied by a (thermal) spray and fuse process. The layer was melted after thermal spray application and the layer presents a continuous matrix, but there are globular oxides and pores entrapped.
29
VIEW
ML00109 / Jan.2018
Thermal Spray and Fuse Layer in Forged Pin
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Thermal spray
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Surface Layer
Micrographic detail, as polished, of the transverse section of the forged pin at the interface between the pin and the spray and fuse layer. The pin was heat treated after the thermal spray, and fuse treatment. The interface presents a higher concentration of globular oxides and pores, entrapped.
23
VIEW
ML00109 / Jan.2018
Thermal Spray and Fuse Layer in Forged Pin
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Thermal spray
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Surface Layer
Low magnification micrography of the interface between the pin and the spray and fuse layer. Close to the surface, under the layer, the pin presents a quenched and tempered structure, compatible with a high strenght requirement. Transverse section.
20
VIEW
ML00109 / Jan.2018
Thermal Spray and Fuse Layer in Forged Pin
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Thermal spray
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Surface Layer
Micrography of the pin close to the interface with the spray and fuse layer. Transverse section. The fuse is conducted in high temperature and the pin was quenched and tempered after the thermal spray deposition and fuse by flame (in this case the melting of the applied layer was conducted by a oxifuel flame.
21
VIEW
ML00109 / Jan.2018
Thermal Spray and Fuse Layer in Forged Pin
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Thermal spray
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
Micrographic detail of the tempered martensite structure close to the interface with the spray and fuse layer. Transverse section. The fuse is conducted in high temperature and the pin was heat treated after the thermal spray deposition and fuse.
16
VIEW
ML00109 / Jan.2018
Thermal Spray and Fuse Layer in Forged Pin
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Thermal spray
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite

+3 more from this case →

ML00084 — Walrus Tool SteelM - High Carbon Tool SteelP - ForgingAp - Mechanical IndustryCd - Removed From Service
Micrographic detail of the tool steel, in the longitudinal section of the part. The material presented a uniform structure, tempered martensite, with small secondary carbides. The hardness in the section is 59 HRc.
73
VIEW
ML00084 / Mar.2020
Walrus Tool Steel
M - High Carbon Tool SteelP - ForgingAp - Mechanical IndustryCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
ML00098 — Brittle Fracture of a Casting Lifting DeviceM - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - CastingAp - LiftingCd - Brittle Fracture
Micrography of the lifting padeye showing a dendritic path of a quenched and tempered martensitic microstructure. The segregated regions (white interdendritic regions) are more clearly identified in low magnification. Voids are located in these segregated regions.
21
VIEW
ML00098 / Nov.2017
Brittle Fracture of a Casting Lifting Device
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - CastingAp - LiftingCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
Micrography of the lifting padeye showing a quenched and tempered martensitic microstructure. Voids are located in interdendritic segregated regions.
20
VIEW
ML00098 / Nov.2017
Brittle Fracture of a Casting Lifting Device
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - CastingAp - LiftingCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
Micrography of the lifting padeye showing a quenched and tempered martensitic microstructure. Voids are located in interdendritic segregated regions. At this magnification the segregation is not clear.
16
VIEW
ML00098 / Nov.2017
Brittle Fracture of a Casting Lifting Device
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - CastingAp - LiftingCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
Micrography of the lifting padeye showing a quenched and tempered martensitic microstructure. The hardness level of the material is about 39 HRc.
14
VIEW
ML00098 / Nov.2017
Brittle Fracture of a Casting Lifting Device
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - CastingAp - LiftingCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
Micrography of the secondary crack, paralel to fracture, starting from the internal diameter of the padeye. The crack propagates in an interdendritic morphology, interconnecting casting defects.
13
VIEW
ML00098 / Nov.2017
Brittle Fracture of a Casting Lifting Device
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - CastingAp - LiftingCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Secondary Cracks

+8 more from this case →

ML00082 — Corrosion Fatigue of a Drilling ToolM - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Micrographic aspect of the martensitic structure at the longitudinal section.
60
VIEW
ML00082 / Dec.2017
Corrosion Fatigue of a Drilling Tool
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
Micrography of the quenched and tempered structure. Longitudinal section.
51
VIEW
ML00082 / Dec.2017
Corrosion Fatigue of a Drilling Tool
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Banded Structure
Micrography of the quenched and tempered structure. Longitudinal section. Sligthly banded.
45
VIEW
ML00082 / Dec.2017
Corrosion Fatigue of a Drilling Tool
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Banded Structure
As polished micrography of the external surface of the tubular equipment, close to the fracture position (it is to the top of the figure), showing corrosion fatigue cracks. These are multiple cracks, paralel to the main fracture, slightly branched and fully filled with oxides.
51
VIEW
ML00082 / Dec.2017
Corrosion Fatigue of a Drilling Tool
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Multiple cracks
As polished micrography of the external surface of the tubular equipment, close to the fracture position (it is to the top of the figure), showing corrosion fatigue cracks. These are multiple cracks, paralel to the main fracture, slightly branched and fully filled with oxides.
43
VIEW
ML00082 / Dec.2017
Corrosion Fatigue of a Drilling Tool
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Multiple cracks

+2 more from this case →

ML00046 — Brittle Fracture of SS Shear PinM - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Machined PartAp - EnergyCd - Intergranular Cracking
Micrographic detail of the pin structure, in the longitudinal section, at the segregated band with aligned inclusions and phases, delta ferrite and carbides.
70
VIEW
ML00046 / Jan.2018
Brittle Fracture of SS Shear Pin
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Machined PartAp - EnergyCd - Intergranular Cracking
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite, delta ferrite & carbides
Micrographic detail of the pin structure, in the longitudinal section, presenting a martensitic matriz, aligned inclusions (grey, delta ferrite islands (poligonal white phases) and carbides (also white phases) surrounding the delta ferrite.
64
VIEW
ML00046 / Jan.2018
Brittle Fracture of SS Shear Pin
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Machined PartAp - EnergyCd - Intergranular Cracking
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite, delta ferrite & carbides

View all 137 images in the Atlas →

most recent

The location of the threaded fitting started leaking after less than five years in service. Although the corrosion rate was not high, the localized material loss in the threaded surface of the carbon steel flange allowed the connection leakage.
769
VIEW
ML00184 / Apr.2023
Dissimilar Steels in a Threaded Connection
M - Low Carbon SteelP - ForgingAp - OffshoreCd - Localized Dissolution
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Front wheel 17 x 7J of a passenger vehicle (identified as WHEEL 1) that broke during a car accident on a road.
1644
VIEW
ML00183 / Dec.2022
Ductile Behavior of an Aluminum Wheel
M - Aluminum Silicon MagnesiumP - CastingAp - AutomotiveCd - Ductile Behavior
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Tool fixture 5" long, nominal diameter 2", presenting a recess 1/2" deep from two sides. The rupture occurred about 2" from the end of the rod. Scale in milimeters.
523
VIEW
ML00182 / Jul.2022
Brittle Fracture of a LAS Fixing Rod
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - StemAp - Mechanical IndustryCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Pinion of hypoid gearbox, assembled in a 1560-mm long shaft that operated during more than 60,000 hours, and removed from service due to unacceptable wear damage.
1028
VIEW
ML00181 / Apr.2022
Wear of a Carburized Hypoid Gear
M - Low Alloy for Thermochemical TreatmentP - Pinion-crown assemblyAp - ShipCd - Wear
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Aspect of the 3 1/2" diameter tube after the water leakage in high temperature.
962
VIEW
ML00180 / Mar.2022
Local Melting of Copper Cooling Tubes
M - Pure CopperP - Cooling TubeAp - SiderurgyCd - Overheating
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
2" drain line from the main 10" line. The leakage occurred at the margin of the weld, a short time after the introduction of the reinforced ribs to reduce vibration.
641
VIEW
ML00179 / Feb.2022
Hydrides in Titanium Weld
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - In Field WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Field photoDf - General View
The drilling connector, 21" diameter, presented a crack at the margin of the weld in the forging side (left side of the weld in the figure).
745
VIEW
ML00178 / Jan.2022
Cold cracks in Cr-Mo Welded Forging
M - CrMo SteelP - ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Macrography of the longitudinally seam weld of the 24" diameter tube, showing that it was welded from both sides and there is a segregation line in the center of the tube thickness.
737
VIEW
ML00177 / Dec.2021
Cr-Mo Seam Welded Tube
M - CrMo SteelP - Longitudinally Seam WeldedAp - Fired HeaterCd - Not according to spec
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Seam
The titanium rotor blade of a flowmeter broke after two years in service in an acid environment, containing H2S.
339
VIEW
ML00176 / Nov.2021
Hydride Formation in a Titanium Blade
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - BladeAp - Oil and GasCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Aspect of the wire rope, 1 1/2" diameter, presenting regions of flattened areas at the surface of the outer wires. It is a 6 x 19 Seale construction, right regular lay.
552
VIEW
ML00175 / Aug.2021
Localized External Wear of a Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Wear
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
The carcass was manufactured using niobium stabilized plates, grade AISI 347, with circumferential welds, where the through wall cracks were detected.
300
VIEW
ML00174 / Jul.2021
Carburization of a 347 SS Welded Joint
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - EnergyCd - Carburization
Cm - Field photoDf - General View
Aged microstructure of the HP stainless steel, modified with 1%Nb, cast fitting, tubular, operating for 6 years in a furnace which design temperature is 1100°C. The material presented a network of primary carbides, white and grey, and an austenitic matrix with coalescing secondary precipitation. Some voids. The Vickers identation indicates a hardness value about 260HV 100g in the aged austenitic matrix.
491
VIEW
ML00173 / May.2021
Welding Cracks in an Aged HP Cast Fitting
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Cast FtittingAp - PetrochemicalCd - Welding
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Microhardness identations

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