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Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

82 images

TryAustenitic Stainless SteelML00032corrosionFerrous AlloysML00070brittle fractureAusteniteductile behaviorGranularfatigueRaw MaterialhydrogenFinished Productfractureembrittlementstress corrosion
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82 images
2" drain line from the main 10" line. The leakage occurred at the margin of the weld, a short time after the introduction of the reinforced ribs to reduce vibration.
641
VIEW
ML00179 / Feb.2022
Hydrides in Titanium Weld
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - In Field WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Field photoDf - General View
Aspect of the stub end, that is used in combination with a lap joint flange. In this case it was prepared from a seam welded pipe, longitudinal, also with circunferential weld to the stub face (which means it was not flared). The cracking is circunferential in the non painted region, not associated to any welded area.
435
VIEW
ML00168 / Aug.2020
SCC of Austenitic SS Flange Stub End
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Stub EndAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Aspect as received, side A, of the part removed from the rectangular tube that was manufactured from plates, and originally presented two welded seams (not included in the sample). Close to the edges of the sample, where probably were the corners of the rectangular tube, the degradation is in a highest level. Three samples were analysed, with different thicknesses (indicated in the figure). Side A is the side that was in contact with the reaction (product side).
445
VIEW
ML00160 / Apr.2020
High Temperature Degradation of 310SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Rectangular TubeAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Scaling
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Macrography of the welded joint between the flange and the shell, indicating the position where the cracking was detected, at 90°.
116
VIEW
ML00050 / Nov.2017
Fatigue Failure of a 316SS Pressure Stabilizer
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Mechanical Fatigue
Cm - Macro Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchedDf - Welded Joint
Macrography of the pipe to fitting welded joint, in a region where the thickness loss is almost uniform. The pipe is in the left of the figure and the elbow is in the right, with a general thinning (average of 2 mm, considering that the original thickness was 3.7 mm), and a slightly more intense thickness loss at the weld metal near the elbow side.
183
VIEW
ML00065 / May.2017
Erosion Corrosion of Monel Piping
M - NiCu AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Erosion Corrosion
Cm - Kalling Etched MacroDf - Welded Joint
Internal surface detail of the 3 1/2" pipe, cut in a longitudinal section (transverse to the weld), presenting a localized corrosion at the margin of the welded joint (Keller etched), in the root. The pipeline was assembled with pipes manufactured in two different aluminum alloys, AA 3003 (top of the figure) and AA 6063 (bottom of the figure), and the localized corrosion occurred at the fusion line of the 6063 pipe.
1296
VIEW
ML00059 / Feb.2018
Intergranular Corrosion of Aluminum Piping
M - Aluminum ManganeseP - Welded JointAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Surface AspectDf - Welded Joint
Aspect of the internal side of the fitting, at the longitudinal seam weld, and macrography of a transverse section showing the through wall cracks.
62
VIEW
ML00061 / Apr.2017
Creep in a Seam Weld of a 304H SS Fitting
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Creep
Cm - Macro Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchedDf - Transverse Section
External aspect of the 8" diameter pipe that suffered localized thinning and leakage associated to the welded regions. The vertical weld is the pipe seam and the horizontal weld is the circunferential butt weld.
142
VIEW
ML00005 / Apr.2017
Environmental Hydrogen Damage in Ti Pipe
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - PipingCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Welded Joint

More from these cases

ML00179 — Hydrides in Titanium WeldM - Unalloyed TitaniumP - In Field WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Hydride Formation
Low magnification micrography transverse to the fillet weld in the pipe. The pipe base metal is to the bottom of the figure and the weld metal is to the top. The heat affected zone in the middle, shows a coarse grain size structure.
59
VIEW
ML00179 / Feb.2022
Hydrides in Titanium Weld
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - In Field WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Kroll Etched Micrography by OMDf - Welded Joint
Low magnification micrography showing the weld metal, full of pores, indicating that the field welding was not properly shileded.
50
VIEW
ML00179 / Feb.2022
Hydrides in Titanium Weld
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - In Field WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Kroll Etched Micrography by OMDf - Weld Metal
Coarse grains in the heat affected zone.
46
VIEW
ML00179 / Feb.2022
Hydrides in Titanium Weld
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - In Field WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Kroll Etched Micrography by OMDf - Heat Affected Zone
Micrography of the weld metal at the fillet weld where the cracking started, showing several brittle microcracks that corresponds to the regions where the fractography showed secondary crackis.
35
VIEW
ML00179 / Feb.2022
Hydrides in Titanium Weld
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - In Field WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Kroll Etched Micrography by OMDf - Weld Metal
Micrographic detail of the weld metal brittle microcracks, in regions with hydrides formation.
32
VIEW
ML00179 / Feb.2022
Hydrides in Titanium Weld
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - In Field WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Kroll Etched Micrography by OMDf - Weld Metal

+8 more from this case →

ML00168 — SCC of Austenitic SS Flange Stub EndM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Stub EndAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Stress Corrosion
The stub end was manufactured from a plate and the microstructure in a longitudial section shows a refined granular austenitic structure.
62
VIEW
ML00168 / Aug.2020
SCC of Austenitic SS Flange Stub End
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Stub EndAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Longitudinal Section
Micrography of the stub end, external side to the top, presenting multiple cracks propagating throught wall.
48
VIEW
ML00168 / Aug.2020
SCC of Austenitic SS Flange Stub End
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Stub EndAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Close to the External Surface
Aspect of the stub end. The cracking is circunferential in the middle of the non-painted region, not associated to any welded area.
36
VIEW
ML00168 / Aug.2020
SCC of Austenitic SS Flange Stub End
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Stub EndAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Macrography of the longitudinal section of the stub end, showing the external side to the top and the internal side to the bottom. The stub end was manufactured by welding, longitudinal seam (not evidenced in this image) and circunferential weld of tube to disc (partial penetration). The cracks starts from the external side of the stub end.
31
VIEW
ML00168 / Aug.2020
SCC of Austenitic SS Flange Stub End
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Stub EndAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Macro Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchedDf - Longitudinal Section
Micrography of the stub end close to the external surface, outer diameter in the top of the image, presenting multiple cracks starting fro the surface and propagating into the thickness, through wall.
32
VIEW
ML00168 / Aug.2020
SCC of Austenitic SS Flange Stub End
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Stub EndAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Close to the External Surface

+1 more from this case →

ML00160 — High Temperature Degradation of 310SSM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Rectangular TubeAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Scaling
Aspect as received, side B, of the same part. Side B is the external side of the rectangular tube, that was in contact with the electric furnace atmosphere. This surface of side B presented less degradation than the internal surface (side A).
88
VIEW
ML00160 / Apr.2020
High Temperature Degradation of 310SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Rectangular TubeAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Scaling
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
SAMPLE 1 AT THE FRACTURE - Micrography in low magnification where the thickness is reduced to zero (fracture). Side A (process side) to the bottom and side B (furnace environment side) to the top.
85
VIEW
ML00160 / Apr.2020
High Temperature Degradation of 310SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Rectangular TubeAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Scaling
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Low Mag
SAMPLE 1 AT 1 mm THICKNESS - Micrography in low magnification in the center of the thickness. The microstructure is austenitic with secondary intergranular and intragranular precipitation.
76
VIEW
ML00160 / Apr.2020
High Temperature Degradation of 310SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Rectangular TubeAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Scaling
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Low Mag
SAMPLE 2 AT 2 mm THICKNESS - Micrography in low magnification in the center of the thickness. The microstructure is austenitic with secondary intergranular and intragranular precipitation. No variation in the microstructure of the center of the plate, compared to sample 1.
52
VIEW
ML00160 / Apr.2020
High Temperature Degradation of 310SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Rectangular TubeAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Scaling
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Low Mag
SAMPLE 3 AT 4 mm THICKNESS - Micrography in low magnification in the center of the thickness. The microstructure is austenitic with secondary intergranular and intragranular precipitation, but this micrography was obtained in the longitudinal section, presenting the plate alignment and was etched with NaOH, adopted to colour the sigma phase .
40
VIEW
ML00160 / Apr.2020
High Temperature Degradation of 310SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Rectangular TubeAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Scaling
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Low Mag

+6 more from this case →

ML00050 — Fatigue Failure of a 316SS Pressure StabilizerM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Mechanical Fatigue
Schematic drawing presenting the position of the crack at the margin of the weld, through thickness of the shell plate.
75
VIEW
ML00050 / Nov.2017
Fatigue Failure of a 316SS Pressure Stabilizer
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Mechanical Fatigue
Cm - Identification drawingDf - At the Surface
The micrography of the welded joint between the flange and the shell, in a region that was through wall cracked, the fracture propagating in the shell plate base metal.
74
VIEW
ML00050 / Nov.2017
Fatigue Failure of a 316SS Pressure Stabilizer
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Mechanical Fatigue
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Welded Joint
The micrography of the welded joint between the flange and the shell, in a region that was not yet macroscopically cracked, presented a fatigue crack from the margin of the fillet weld.
71
VIEW
ML00050 / Nov.2017
Fatigue Failure of a 316SS Pressure Stabilizer
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Mechanical Fatigue
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Welded Joint
ML00065 — Erosion Corrosion of Monel PipingM - NiCu AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Erosion Corrosion
Micrography of the pipe longitudinal base metal.
148
VIEW
ML00065 / May.2017
Erosion Corrosion of Monel Piping
M - NiCu AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Erosion Corrosion
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal Left Side
Micrographic detail of the pipe base metal presenting a granular microstructure. Some inclusions are also visible.
142
VIEW
ML00065 / May.2017
Erosion Corrosion of Monel Piping
M - NiCu AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Erosion Corrosion
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal Left Side
Micrography of the elbow base metal. The comparison with the pipe micrography shows an important difference of thickness.
132
VIEW
ML00065 / May.2017
Erosion Corrosion of Monel Piping
M - NiCu AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Erosion Corrosion
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal Right Side
Elbow base metal micrographic detail presenting a granular microstructure. Like the pipe, the microstructure reveals inclusions.
106
VIEW
ML00065 / May.2017
Erosion Corrosion of Monel Piping
M - NiCu AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Erosion Corrosion
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal Right Side
Micrography of the pipe heat affected zone. The weld metal is on the right.
91
VIEW
ML00065 / May.2017
Erosion Corrosion of Monel Piping
M - NiCu AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Erosion Corrosion
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Fusion Line Left Side

+11 more from this case →

ML00059 — Intergranular Corrosion of Aluminum PipingM - Aluminum ManganeseP - Welded JointAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe AA 3003. Granular structure that reveals the forming direction and dispersed particles.
229
VIEW
ML00059 / Feb.2018
Intergranular Corrosion of Aluminum Piping
M - Aluminum ManganeseP - Welded JointAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Keller Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal Left Side
Micrographic detail of a longitudinal section of the pipe AA 3003. Granular structure and dispersed particles.
199
VIEW
ML00059 / Feb.2018
Intergranular Corrosion of Aluminum Piping
M - Aluminum ManganeseP - Welded JointAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Keller Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal Left Side
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe AA 6063. Granular structure and dispersed particles.
169
VIEW
ML00059 / Feb.2018
Intergranular Corrosion of Aluminum Piping
M - Aluminum ManganeseP - Welded JointAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Keller Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal Right Side
Micrographic detail of a longitudinal section of the pipe AA 6063. Granular structure and dispersed particles.
138
VIEW
ML00059 / Feb.2018
Intergranular Corrosion of Aluminum Piping
M - Aluminum ManganeseP - Welded JointAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Keller Etched MacroDf - Base Metal Right Side
Micrography of the Fusion Line of the AA 3003 pipe, presenting a narrow HAZ.
127
VIEW
ML00059 / Feb.2018
Intergranular Corrosion of Aluminum Piping
M - Aluminum ManganeseP - Welded JointAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Keller Etched Micrography by OMDf - Fusion Line Left Side

+8 more from this case →

ML00061 — Creep in a Seam Weld of a 304H SS FittingM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Creep
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the fitting, at the base metal, presenting an austenitic structure with intergranular and transgranular precipitation as a result of microstructural evolution.
44
VIEW
ML00061 / Apr.2017
Creep in a Seam Weld of a 304H SS Fitting
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Creep
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Base Metal
Micrographic detail of the fitting base metal, presenting an austenitic structure with intergranular and transgranular precipitation as a result of microstructural evolution.
40
VIEW
ML00061 / Apr.2017
Creep in a Seam Weld of a 304H SS Fitting
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Creep
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Base Metal
Micrography of a transverse section of the seam weld, close to the internal surface, presenting several cracks perpendicular to the thickness.
37
VIEW
ML00061 / Apr.2017
Creep in a Seam Weld of a 304H SS Fitting
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Creep
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Close to the Internal Surface
Micrographic detail of the seam weld close to the internal surface, presenting the needles that are the result of microsctructural evolution and cracks filled with oxides.
36
VIEW
ML00061 / Apr.2017
Creep in a Seam Weld of a 304H SS Fitting
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Creep
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Close to the Internal Surface
Micrography of a transverse section of the seam weld, in the middle of the thickness, presenting several parallel cracks.
27
VIEW
ML00061 / Apr.2017
Creep in a Seam Weld of a 304H SS Fitting
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Creep
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - In the Center of the Thickness

+7 more from this case →

View all 82 images in the Atlas →

most recent

The location of the threaded fitting started leaking after less than five years in service. Although the corrosion rate was not high, the localized material loss in the threaded surface of the carbon steel flange allowed the connection leakage.
769
VIEW
ML00184 / Apr.2023
Dissimilar Steels in a Threaded Connection
M - Low Carbon SteelP - ForgingAp - OffshoreCd - Localized Dissolution
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Front wheel 17 x 7J of a passenger vehicle (identified as WHEEL 1) that broke during a car accident on a road.
1644
VIEW
ML00183 / Dec.2022
Ductile Behavior of an Aluminum Wheel
M - Aluminum Silicon MagnesiumP - CastingAp - AutomotiveCd - Ductile Behavior
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Tool fixture 5" long, nominal diameter 2", presenting a recess 1/2" deep from two sides. The rupture occurred about 2" from the end of the rod. Scale in milimeters.
523
VIEW
ML00182 / Jul.2022
Brittle Fracture of a LAS Fixing Rod
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - StemAp - Mechanical IndustryCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Pinion of hypoid gearbox, assembled in a 1560-mm long shaft that operated during more than 60,000 hours, and removed from service due to unacceptable wear damage.
1028
VIEW
ML00181 / Apr.2022
Wear of a Carburized Hypoid Gear
M - Low Alloy for Thermochemical TreatmentP - Pinion-crown assemblyAp - ShipCd - Wear
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Aspect of the 3 1/2" diameter tube after the water leakage in high temperature.
962
VIEW
ML00180 / Mar.2022
Local Melting of Copper Cooling Tubes
M - Pure CopperP - Cooling TubeAp - SiderurgyCd - Overheating
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
2" drain line from the main 10" line. The leakage occurred at the margin of the weld, a short time after the introduction of the reinforced ribs to reduce vibration.
641
VIEW
ML00179 / Feb.2022
Hydrides in Titanium Weld
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - In Field WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Field photoDf - General View
The drilling connector, 21" diameter, presented a crack at the margin of the weld in the forging side (left side of the weld in the figure).
744
VIEW
ML00178 / Jan.2022
Cold cracks in Cr-Mo Welded Forging
M - CrMo SteelP - ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Macrography of the longitudinally seam weld of the 24" diameter tube, showing that it was welded from both sides and there is a segregation line in the center of the tube thickness.
737
VIEW
ML00177 / Dec.2021
Cr-Mo Seam Welded Tube
M - CrMo SteelP - Longitudinally Seam WeldedAp - Fired HeaterCd - Not according to spec
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Seam
The titanium rotor blade of a flowmeter broke after two years in service in an acid environment, containing H2S.
339
VIEW
ML00176 / Nov.2021
Hydride Formation in a Titanium Blade
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - BladeAp - Oil and GasCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Aspect of the wire rope, 1 1/2" diameter, presenting regions of flattened areas at the surface of the outer wires. It is a 6 x 19 Seale construction, right regular lay.
552
VIEW
ML00175 / Aug.2021
Localized External Wear of a Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Wear
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
The carcass was manufactured using niobium stabilized plates, grade AISI 347, with circumferential welds, where the through wall cracks were detected.
300
VIEW
ML00174 / Jul.2021
Carburization of a 347 SS Welded Joint
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - EnergyCd - Carburization
Cm - Field photoDf - General View
Aged microstructure of the HP stainless steel, modified with 1%Nb, cast fitting, tubular, operating for 6 years in a furnace which design temperature is 1100°C. The material presented a network of primary carbides, white and grey, and an austenitic matrix with coalescing secondary precipitation. Some voids. The Vickers identation indicates a hardness value about 260HV 100g in the aged austenitic matrix.
491
VIEW
ML00173 / May.2021
Welding Cracks in an Aged HP Cast Fitting
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Cast FtittingAp - PetrochemicalCd - Welding
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Microhardness identations

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