Sampling and Analysis

16 cases · 105 images

Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

Standard: API clear all

Sampling and Analysis — sub-branches

At the Surface 5Base Metal 13Close to the Internal Surface 2External Surface 3Fusion Line 2General View 9Heat Affected Zone 4In the Center of the Thickness 3Internal Surface 5Longitudinal Section 21Transverse Section 8Weld Metal 17Welded Joint 13

Results

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Fracture position at the pipe body, about 1 meter from the tool joint end. The fracture presented two main aspects, a flat fracture transverse to the pipe axis, that propagated by fatigue through almost 50% of the pipe perimeter, and a final fracture by shear overloading.
560
VIEW
ML00169 / Nov.2020
Drill Pipe Fracture in the Pipe Body
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Lateral image of a collapsed API 5D grade S135 drill pipe, presenting the fractured region (bottom of the figure) at the pipe body. Although the pipe steel is of a high strenght, the fracture characteristic is ductile, evidencing strong plastic deformation.
545
VIEW
ML00159 / Mar.2020
Collapse of a Drill Pipe
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Ductile Behavior
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Macrography of a section longitudinal to the pipe and transverse to the weld. The thickness of the pipe is 12,7 mm (1/2") and it was welded in 6 passes, the root pass, one fill pass and four cap passes.
855
VIEW
ML00153 / Jan.2019
X52 in a Tubular Structure
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - StructureCd - Qualified
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Welded Joint
Micrography of the pipe transverse section presenting a granular microstructure.
147
VIEW
ML00140 / May.2019
Preferential Corrosion of Pipe Seam Weld
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - ShipCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Transverse Section
The 6 1/2" nominal diameter longitudinal seam welded pipe is internally cladded with Alloy 625. The pipe was manufactured by forming a cladded plate (probably welded by rolling) and welding it longitudinally. The pipe was heat treated (quenched and tempered) after the seam weld.
96
VIEW
ML00133 / May.2018
Seam Welded Pipe Cladded with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Welded Joint
The 4 1/2" nominal diameter seamless pipe internally overlaid with Alloy 625. This pipe corresponds to a 90° curve. The overlaid pipe was heat treated before and after bending. The final quenching and tempering heat treatment was conducted to meet API 5L X70 properties.
113
VIEW
ML00132 / May.2018
Seamless Pipe Overlaid with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Welded Joint
Wire rope, nominal diamater 2". The wire includes an independent core (IWRC) with 7 wires of 2.0 mm and 6 strands with 26 wires (1+5+[5+5]+10). The external strand layer presents a 3.8mm wire, and there are two internal strand layers with different wire sizes. The wire rope presents plastic reinforcement. It is a right regular lay AACI made by extra improved plow steel (EIPS) wires.
876
VIEW
ML00117 / Jan.2018
High Carbon Steel Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Transverse Section AspectDf - General View
Micrography of a longitudinal section in the center of the bolt. Granular austenitic microstructure, equiaxial, primary precipitates (isolated), precipitation hardened (not detectable by metalography, only because of the hardness level)
63
VIEW
ML00106 / Dec.2017
Inconel 718 Submarine Bolt
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Longitudinal Section

More from these cases

ML00169 — Drill Pipe Fracture in the Pipe BodyM - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Corrosion Fatigue
This figure presents the location of the fracture at about 1 meter from the tool joint pin side. Close to the fracture the pipe presented several circunferential scratches created by the fishing of the broken piece after the fracture.
58
VIEW
ML00169 / Nov.2020
Drill Pipe Fracture in the Pipe Body
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Region where the internal coating was detached. The fracture at this position is flat.
28
VIEW
ML00169 / Nov.2020
Drill Pipe Fracture in the Pipe Body
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Internal Surface
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe, at the external pipe surface, where there is a corroded spot. The microstructure is tempered martensite and at the surface the pipe is slightly decarburized.
28
VIEW
ML00169 / Nov.2020
Drill Pipe Fracture in the Pipe Body
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - External Surface
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe, at the internal pipe surface, where the coating was detached. The strain hardening effect of the blasting is evident. The microstructure is tempered martensite and the surface is slightly decarburized.
28
VIEW
ML00169 / Nov.2020
Drill Pipe Fracture in the Pipe Body
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Close to the Internal Surface
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe, at the internal pipe surface, where the coating was detached. The strain hardening effect of the blasting is evident. The microstructure is tempered martensite and the surface is slightly decarburized.
26
VIEW
ML00169 / Nov.2020
Drill Pipe Fracture in the Pipe Body
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Close to the Internal Surface

+5 more from this case →

ML00153 — X52 in a Tubular StructureM - CMn SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - StructureCd - Qualified
Micrography of the pipe base metal, in a longitudinal section, presenting a slight banding and a refined structure.
147
VIEW
ML00153 / Jan.2019
X52 in a Tubular Structure
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - StructureCd - Qualified
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal
Micrography of the pipe base metal, in a longitudinal section. The ferritic structure is refined and it is possible to identify a small variation in the ferritic grain size, that is promoting the slight banding effect.
119
VIEW
ML00153 / Jan.2019
X52 in a Tubular Structure
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - StructureCd - Qualified
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal
Schematic drawing of the API 5L X52 pipe, butt welded to another pipe, showing the 4 cap passes. The pipe is nominal diameter 8" and thickness 1/2". The qualification of the WPS was conducted according to the structural code, with toughness requirements (Charpy V at 0°C), with 4 lateral bending tests, all approved, and 2 welded joint tensile tests, one with ruptured in the base metal and the other ruptured in the weld metal, both presenting strenght level higher than the minimum specified. The pipe was tensile tested.
95
VIEW
ML00153 / Jan.2019
X52 in a Tubular Structure
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - StructureCd - Qualified
Cm - Identification drawingDf - Welded Joint
Micrography of the weded joint at the cap pass fusion line. The columnar structure of the weld metal is to the top of the figure; and it is possible to see the coarse grains at the heat affected zone. Both columnar structure and coarse grains are related to the previous austenite grain boundaries. From the fusion line to the base metal (in the bottom of the figure) the grain sizes are refined.
86
VIEW
ML00153 / Jan.2019
X52 in a Tubular Structure
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - StructureCd - Qualified
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Welded Joint
Micrography presenting the coarse grain heat affected zone of the welded joint, at the cap pass. The microstructure is bainitic.
82
VIEW
ML00153 / Jan.2019
X52 in a Tubular Structure
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - StructureCd - Qualified
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Heat Affected Zone

+4 more from this case →

ML00140 — Preferential Corrosion of Pipe Seam WeldM - Low Carbon SteelP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - ShipCd - Preferential Dissolution
Aspect of the 4" pipe that was in seawater service for 8 years and leaked in a longitudinal line that corresponds to the seam weld. The internal surface presented thick deposits. Although the pipe was cut with a thermal process, the analysis was conducted after mechanical cutting.
100
VIEW
ML00140 / May.2019
Preferential Corrosion of Pipe Seam Weld
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - ShipCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Detail of the transverse section of the 4" pipe 90° from the seam weld. The thickness of the pipe is 8 mm. No evidences of general corrosion or pitting were identified.
77
VIEW
ML00140 / May.2019
Preferential Corrosion of Pipe Seam Weld
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - ShipCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - Transverse Section AspectDf - Transverse Section
Detail of the transverse section of the 4" pipe 90° from the seam weld. The thickness of the pipe is 8 mm. No evidences of general corrosion or pitting were identified.
70
VIEW
ML00140 / May.2019
Preferential Corrosion of Pipe Seam Weld
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - ShipCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - Transverse Section AspectDf - Transverse Section
Detail of the transverse section of the 4" pipe 180° from the seam weld. The thickness of the pipe is 8 mm. No evidences of general corrosion or pitting were identified.
64
VIEW
ML00140 / May.2019
Preferential Corrosion of Pipe Seam Weld
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - ShipCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - Transverse Section AspectDf - Transverse Section
Aspect of the internal surface of the pipe after cleaning, showing the leakage line.
67
VIEW
ML00140 / May.2019
Preferential Corrosion of Pipe Seam Weld
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - ShipCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Internal Surface

+2 more from this case →

ML00133 — Seam Welded Pipe Cladded with Alloy 625M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
The macrography of a longitudinal section shows the low alloy (C-Mn) steel pipe, internally cladded with Ni alloy clad plate.
72
VIEW
ML00133 / May.2018
Seam Welded Pipe Cladded with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Electrolytically Etched MacroDf - Longitudinal Section
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe substrate, in low magnification, showing a uniform microstructure,
51
VIEW
ML00133 / May.2018
Seam Welded Pipe Cladded with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe substrate showing a uniform bainitic microstructure obtained by the pipe quenching and tempering,
48
VIEW
ML00133 / May.2018
Seam Welded Pipe Cladded with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Longitudinal Section
ML00132 — Seamless Pipe Overlaid with Alloy 625M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
The macrography of a longitudinal section shows the low alloy (C-Mn) steel pipe, internally cladded by overlay in two layers.
88
VIEW
ML00132 / May.2018
Seamless Pipe Overlaid with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Electrolytically Etched MacroDf - Longitudinal Section
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe substrate, in low magnification, showing a uniform microstructure,
79
VIEW
ML00132 / May.2018
Seamless Pipe Overlaid with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe substrate showing a uniform bainitic microstructure obtained by the pipe quenching and tempering,
72
VIEW
ML00132 / May.2018
Seamless Pipe Overlaid with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Longitudinal Section
Low magnification micrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe at the interface between overlay layers, with electrolytic etch that reveals the Ni alloy structure, large columnar grains with celular morphology.
66
VIEW
ML00132 / May.2018
Seamless Pipe Overlaid with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Chromic Acid Electrolytic EtchedDf - Weld Metal
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe at the interface between overlay layers, with electrolytic etch that reveals the Ni alloy structure, large grains with celular dendritic morphology.
52
VIEW
ML00132 / May.2018
Seamless Pipe Overlaid with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Chromic Acid Electrolytic EtchedDf - Weld Metal

+1 more from this case →

ML00117 — High Carbon Steel Wire RopeM - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Typical manufacturing
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the core wire, 2.0 mm diameter, in the center of the thickness, showing a strain hardened structure, aligned.
113
VIEW
ML00117 / Jan.2018
High Carbon Steel Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - In the Center of the Thickness
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the core wire, 2.0 mm diameter, in the center of the thickness, showing a strain hardened pearlitic structure.
89
VIEW
ML00117 / Jan.2018
High Carbon Steel Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Longitudinal Section
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the core wire, 2.0 mm diameter, at the surface of the wire, showing that the wire presents no protective layer (not galvanized nor plated) and the microstructure is strain hardened, aligned.
71
VIEW
ML00117 / Jan.2018
High Carbon Steel Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - At the Surface
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the core wire, 2.0 mm diameter, at the surface of the wire, showing that the wire presents no protective layer (not galvanized) and the microstructure is strain hardened, aligned.
60
VIEW
ML00117 / Jan.2018
High Carbon Steel Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Longitudinal Section
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the internal strand wire, 2.6 mm diameter, in the center of the thickness, showing a strain hardened structure, aligned.
44
VIEW
ML00117 / Jan.2018
High Carbon Steel Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - In the Center of the Thickness

+7 more from this case →

ML00106 — Inconel 718 Submarine BoltM - NiCrFe AlloyP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Aspect of the bolt analyzed to qualify the lot of fasteners to be adopted in subsea conditions, exposed to cathodic protection.
62
VIEW
ML00106 / Dec.2017
Inconel 718 Submarine Bolt
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Low magnification micrography of the bolt in a longitudinal section, at the bolt thread, showing no evidences of forming operations, indicating that it was machined from a heat treated bar. Austenitic microstructure, granular, equiaxial.
54
VIEW
ML00106 / Dec.2017
Inconel 718 Submarine Bolt
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Longitudinal Section