Damage

123 cases · 2129 images

Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

Damage — sub-branches

Brittle Behavior 12Corrosion 39Ductile Behavior 5Fabrication Defect 20Fatigue 12High Temperature 9Hydrogen 17Lack of Sealing 1Repair Defect 1Shooting Effect 4Wear 3

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Transverse section of the blade showing large grains of this poliycristaline cast material.
421
VIEW
ML00042 / Apr.2017
Gas Turbine Blade IN 939, Coated
M - NiCrCo AlloyP - CastAp - Gas TurbineCd - Intergranular Cracking
Cm - H2SO4+HNO3+H3PO4 Etched MicroDf - Coarse Structure
Macroscopic aspect of the 1" shaft fracture surface, revealing beach marks at the surface typical of fatigue, initiated from the surface of the spline shaft at the gear position.
498
VIEW
ML00041 / Jun.2017
Fatigue Fracture of Inconel 718 Spline Shaft
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - ShaftAp - Oil and GasCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Fatigue Fracture
The fracture surface is flat, shows the graphite nodules and cleavage of the ferritic microstructure, indicating that the material have exceeded the capacity to acomodate the stress.
944
VIEW
ML00040 / Apr.2017
Brittle Fracture of a Valve Stem
M - Nodular Cast IronP - Valve StemAp - ShipCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Fractography by SEMDf - Cleavage Facets
The micrography of the transverse section of the plate, as polished, close to the surface. The material presents intergranular corrosion and some grains were lost.
1184
VIEW
ML00015 / Oct.2017
Intergranular Corrosion of 304SS Plate
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - RefineryCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Intergranular Corrosion
13Cr SS longitudinal section micrography, at the collapsed region, showing a ferritic matrix structure (overtempered) with the previous austenite grain boundaries decorated by phases (carbides and probably martensite islands), indicating that the material was exposed to a high tempering temperature that created a partial austenitizing condition. It explains the material low toughness and lower strenght (than required).
437
VIEW
ML00039 / Apr.2017
Collapse in Tubular 13Cr
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Heat Treatment Defect
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Longitudinal Section
Micrography of the transverse section of the NEW TUBE, in the center of the thickness, showing the austenitic structure with primary carbides network.
410
VIEW
ML00038 / Apr.2017
Cast SS Tube for High Temperature Service
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Centrifugally Cast PipeAp - SiderurgyCd - Creep
Cm - Glyceregia Etched Micrography by OMDf - Austenitic with Primary Carbides
Visual aspect from the external side of the 14"ND flange butt welded to a pipe, presenting a through wall crack about 5mm to 10mm from the butt welding.
925
VIEW
ML00002 / Jan.2018
Preferential Dissolution and Cracks in SDSS
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - PipingCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Through Wall Cracking
Regions of the pin thread presenting pitting corrosion.
635
VIEW
ML00016 / Apr.2017
SCC in Free Cutting 303SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Machined PartAp - OffshoreCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Surface Aspect by SEMDf - Localized Corrosion

More from these cases

ML00042 — Gas Turbine Blade IN 939, CoatedM - NiCrCo AlloyP - CastAp - Gas TurbineCd - Intergranular Cracking
Micrography of the blade, view inside the grain. The intragranular precipitation presents one unique size of precipitation, not yet coalesced, although the blade was in high temperature service for 50.000 hours. Etched by H2SO4 + HNO3 + H3PO4 reagent.
66
VIEW
ML00042 / Apr.2017
Gas Turbine Blade IN 939, Coated
M - NiCrCo AlloyP - CastAp - Gas TurbineCd - Intergranular Cracking
Cm - Micrography by SEMDf - Intragranular Secondary Precipitation
Micrography close to the surface of the blade, showing the diffusion coating (aluminum base alloy) that is still sound. No strong oxidation or erosion was detected.
53
VIEW
ML00042 / Apr.2017
Gas Turbine Blade IN 939, Coated
M - NiCrCo AlloyP - CastAp - Gas TurbineCd - Intergranular Cracking
Cm - H2SO4+HNO3+H3PO4 Etched MicroDf - Coating
Micrographic detail of the diffusion coating. H2SO4 + HNO3 + H3PO4 etched.
47
VIEW
ML00042 / Apr.2017
Gas Turbine Blade IN 939, Coated
M - NiCrCo AlloyP - CastAp - Gas TurbineCd - Intergranular Cracking
Cm - Micrography by SEMDf - Coating
Micrography as polished of the region where there was a refrigeration hole, presenting a cracking.
35
VIEW
ML00042 / Apr.2017
Gas Turbine Blade IN 939, Coated
M - NiCrCo AlloyP - CastAp - Gas TurbineCd - Intergranular Cracking
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Cracking
The cracking from the refrigeration hole presents an intergranular morphology, as shown in the micrography of a transverse section of the blade.
35
VIEW
ML00042 / Apr.2017
Gas Turbine Blade IN 939, Coated
M - NiCrCo AlloyP - CastAp - Gas TurbineCd - Intergranular Cracking
Cm - H2SO4+HNO3+H3PO4 Etched MicroDf - Intergranular Cracking
ML00041 — Fatigue Fracture of Inconel 718 Spline ShaftM - NiCrFe AlloyP - ShaftAp - Oil and GasCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
xx
117
VIEW
ML00041 / Jun.2017
Fatigue Fracture of Inconel 718 Spline Shaft
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - ShaftAp - Oil and GasCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - At the Surface
Macroscopic aspect of the 1" shaft fracture surface, revealing beach marks at the surface typical of fatigue, initiated from the surface of the spline shaft at the gear position.
121
VIEW
ML00041 / Jun.2017
Fatigue Fracture of Inconel 718 Spline Shaft
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - ShaftAp - Oil and GasCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Fatigue Fracture
SEM fractograph at 1200x magnification showing an intergranular fracture surface with angular, faceted grains and fine feather-like markings.
86
VIEW
ML00041 / Jun.2017
Fatigue Fracture of Inconel 718 Spline Shaft
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - ShaftAp - Oil and GasCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - Fractography by SEMDf - Fatigue Fracture
Microscopic detail of the transgranular striation in the fracture surface.
78
VIEW
ML00041 / Jun.2017
Fatigue Fracture of Inconel 718 Spline Shaft
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - ShaftAp - Oil and GasCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - Fractography by SEMDf - Fatigue Fracture
The micrography of a transverse section of the shaft shows the granular austenitic structure close to the surface of the shaft.
67
VIEW
ML00041 / Jun.2017
Fatigue Fracture of Inconel 718 Spline Shaft
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - ShaftAp - Oil and GasCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - At the Surface

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ML00040 — Brittle Fracture of a Valve StemM - Nodular Cast IronP - Valve StemAp - ShipCd - Brittle Fracture
Detail of the cleavage micromechanism.
195
VIEW
ML00040 / Apr.2017
Brittle Fracture of a Valve Stem
M - Nodular Cast IronP - Valve StemAp - ShipCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Fractography by SEMDf - Cleavage Facets
The cast iron microstructure is predominatly ferritic with graphite nodules.
169
VIEW
ML00040 / Apr.2017
Brittle Fracture of a Valve Stem
M - Nodular Cast IronP - Valve StemAp - ShipCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Graphite in Nodules
The micrography of the stem at the fracture region shows a flat fracture with transgranular clevage at the ferritic structure.
137
VIEW
ML00040 / Apr.2017
Brittle Fracture of a Valve Stem
M - Nodular Cast IronP - Valve StemAp - ShipCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Fracture
Micrography presenting a detail of the fracture surface opening to the graphite nodules.
139
VIEW
ML00040 / Apr.2017
Brittle Fracture of a Valve Stem
M - Nodular Cast IronP - Valve StemAp - ShipCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Fracture
ML00015 — Intergranular Corrosion of 304SS PlateM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - RefineryCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Microstructure of the plate in the center of the ¼” thickness. Equiaxed austenitic grains with delta ferrite stringers and grain boundary carbide precipitation (sensitization).
303
VIEW
ML00015 / Oct.2017
Intergranular Corrosion of 304SS Plate
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - RefineryCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Intergranular Precipitation
Microstructure of the plate in the center of the ¼” thickness. Equiaxed austenitic grains with delta ferrite stringers and grain boundary carbide precipitation (sensitization).
201
VIEW
ML00015 / Oct.2017
Intergranular Corrosion of 304SS Plate
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - RefineryCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Intergranular Precipitation
Micrographic aspect of a longitudinal section of the plate, close to the surface, in a region where it was detected intergranular corrosion up to 0,5 mm depth. As polished.
188
VIEW
ML00015 / Oct.2017
Intergranular Corrosion of 304SS Plate
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - RefineryCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Intergranular Corrosion
Micrographic detail of intergranular corrosion, up to 0,5 mm depth. As polished.
171
VIEW
ML00015 / Oct.2017
Intergranular Corrosion of 304SS Plate
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - RefineryCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Intergranular Corrosion
Micrographic aspect of a longitudinal section of the plate, close to the surface, in a region with intergranular corrosion. Several loose grains were removed, indicating that the structure was embrittled by the intergranular corrosion.
171
VIEW
ML00015 / Oct.2017
Intergranular Corrosion of 304SS Plate
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - RefineryCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Intergranular Corrosion

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ML00039 — Collapse in Tubular 13CrM - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Heat Treatment Defect
13Cr SS in the longitudinal section, at the collapsed region. Non uniform structure (ferritic matrix and decorated prior austenite grain boundaries) that evidences an usuitable heat treatment during fabrication, and explains the material low strenght.
54
VIEW
ML00039 / Apr.2017
Collapse in Tubular 13Cr
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Heat Treatment Defect
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Longitudinal Section
13Cr SS in the longitudinal section, at the collapsed region. Detail of the non uniform structure (ferritic matrix and decorated prior austenite grain boundaries) that evidences an usuitable heat treatment during fabrication, and explains the material low strenght.
48
VIEW
ML00039 / Apr.2017
Collapse in Tubular 13Cr
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Heat Treatment Defect
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Prior Austenite Boundaries Decorated
13Cr SS in the transverse section, at the collapsed region, showing a non uniform structure that evidences an usuitable heat treatment during fabrication, and explains the material low strenght.
29
VIEW
ML00039 / Apr.2017
Collapse in Tubular 13Cr
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Heat Treatment Defect
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Transverse Section
13Cr SS transverse section micrography, at the collapsed region, showing a ferritic matrix structure (overtempered) with the previous austenite grain boundaries decorated by phases (carbides and probably martensite islands), indicating that the material was exposed to a high tempering temperature that created a partial austenitizing condition. It explains the material low toughness and lower strenght (than required).
29
VIEW
ML00039 / Apr.2017
Collapse in Tubular 13Cr
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Heat Treatment Defect
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Transverse Section
The micrography of the 13Cr SS in the transverse section, at the collapsed region, shows a ferritic matrix structure (overtempered) with the previous austenite grain boundaries decorated by phases (carbides and probably martensite islands), indicating that the material was exposed to a high tempering temperature that created a partial austenitizing condition. It explains the material low toughness and lower strenght (than required).
32
VIEW
ML00039 / Apr.2017
Collapse in Tubular 13Cr
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Heat Treatment Defect
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Overtempered Structure

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ML00038 — Cast SS Tube for High Temperature ServiceM - Heat Resistant SteelP - Centrifugally Cast PipeAp - SiderurgyCd - Creep
Micrography of the transverse section of the NEW TUBE, close to the external surface, showing the austenitic structure with primary carbides network.
59
VIEW
ML00038 / Apr.2017
Cast SS Tube for High Temperature Service
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Centrifugally Cast PipeAp - SiderurgyCd - Creep
Cm - Glyceregia Etched Micrography by OMDf - Close to the External Surface
Macrography of the NEW TUBE, centrifugally cast, in the transverse section, presenting columnar grains close to the external surface.
50
VIEW
ML00038 / Apr.2017
Cast SS Tube for High Temperature Service
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Centrifugally Cast PipeAp - SiderurgyCd - Creep
Cm - Kalling Etched MacroDf - Transverse Section
The micrography in the as polished condition of the NEW TUBE shows that there are no casting defects close to the external surface.
49
VIEW
ML00038 / Apr.2017
Cast SS Tube for High Temperature Service
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Centrifugally Cast PipeAp - SiderurgyCd - Creep
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Close to the External Surface
The micrography in the as polished condition of the NEW TUBE shows that there are no casting defects in the center of the thickness.
47
VIEW
ML00038 / Apr.2017
Cast SS Tube for High Temperature Service
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Centrifugally Cast PipeAp - SiderurgyCd - Creep
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Transverse Section
Micrography of the transverse section of the TUBE REMOVED FROM SERVICE, in the center of the thickness, showing the austenitic structure with primary carbides network and secondary precipitation.
59
VIEW
ML00038 / Apr.2017
Cast SS Tube for High Temperature Service
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Centrifugally Cast PipeAp - SiderurgyCd - Creep
Cm - Glyceregia Etched Micrography by OMDf - Intragranular Secondary Precipitation

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ML00002 — Preferential Dissolution and Cracks in SDSSM - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - PipingCd - Preferential Dissolution
External surface aspect of the flange showing preferential dissolution, responsible for nucleation of the through wall cracking.
245
VIEW
ML00002 / Jan.2018
Preferential Dissolution and Cracks in SDSS
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - PipingCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - Surface Aspect by SEMDf - Preferential Dissolution
Detail of the region at the flange external surface where the material is suffering the preferential corrosion.
177
VIEW
ML00002 / Jan.2018
Preferential Dissolution and Cracks in SDSS
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - PipingCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - Surface Aspect by SEMDf - Preferential Dissolution
Macrography of a longitudinal section of the flange to pipe weld, cracked in the flange. Pipe thickness, measured, is 5 mm. Flange thickness at the welded region is 7.5 mm. The macro was etched using NaOH solution, electrolytic.
181
VIEW
ML00002 / Jan.2018
Preferential Dissolution and Cracks in SDSS
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - PipingCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MacroDf - Longitudinal Section
Macrography transverse to the circunferential weld, longitudinal to the piping, presenting the location, a little far from the welded joint margin, where the through wall cracking is positioned.
160
VIEW
ML00002 / Jan.2018
Preferential Dissolution and Cracks in SDSS
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - PipingCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Through Wall Cracking
Longitudinal section micrography at the cracked position, close to the external surface of the flange, showing cracks transverse to the thickness, associated to the microstructure.
147
VIEW
ML00002 / Jan.2018
Preferential Dissolution and Cracks in SDSS
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - PipingCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Cracks Transverse to the Surface

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ML00016 — SCC in Free Cutting 303SSM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Machined PartAp - OffshoreCd - Stress Corrosion
Regions of the localized corrosion spots associated to non metallic inclusions.
123
VIEW
ML00016 / Apr.2017
SCC in Free Cutting 303SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Machined PartAp - OffshoreCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Surface Aspect by SEMDf - Non Metallic Inclusions
The macrography of the longitudinal section of the pin (9.5 mm nominal diameter) shows the localized corrosion associated to the non metallic inclusions.
107
VIEW
ML00016 / Apr.2017
SCC in Free Cutting 303SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Machined PartAp - OffshoreCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Macro Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchedDf - Localized Corrosion
The low magnification micrography of the longitudinal section of the pin shows the localized corrosion associated to the non metallic inclusions.
89
VIEW
ML00016 / Apr.2017
SCC in Free Cutting 303SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Machined PartAp - OffshoreCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Localized Corrosion
The pin microstructure in the longitudinal section shows austenitic structure, free from carbides, and sulfide inclusions that characterize the free cutting condition of this stainless steel.
77
VIEW
ML00016 / Apr.2017
SCC in Free Cutting 303SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Machined PartAp - OffshoreCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Non Metallic Inclusions
The micrographic detail of the longitudinal section of the pin shows the localized corrosion associated to the non metallic inclusions.
67
VIEW
ML00016 / Apr.2017
SCC in Free Cutting 303SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Machined PartAp - OffshoreCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Localized Corrosion

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