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15 cases · 113 images

Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

Microstructure: Austenite Capture method: Optical Microscope clear all

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Micrography of a longitudinal section, in the center of the valve body, solid 3" thickness. The structure is austenitic with delta ferrite in interdendritic spaces.
67
VIEW
ML00164 / Jun.2020
Austenitic SS Casting for Valve Body
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CastingAp - ValveCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Austenite
Optical micrography of a longitudinal section of the fractured bolt, at the thread. The material is austenitic, free from carbides, and the threads were almost removed by the stress corrosion cracks.
756
VIEW
ML00157 / Feb.2020
Bolts Under Chloride SCC Conditions
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Stress Corrosion Cracks
Nitronic 60 cylinder. Micrography of the longitudinal section in the center of the thickness, presenting a fully austenitic microstructure, equiaxial grains, and evidences of the manufacturing process by hot forming.
179
VIEW
ML00121 / Feb.2018
Pitting Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic / MartensiticP - Rod & CylinderAp - SubseaCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite
Micrographic detail of the strain hardened austenitic structure in the longitudinal section of the bolt.
441
VIEW
ML00101 / Nov.2017
High Strength 316SS Bolt
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite
Micrographic detail of the strain hardened austenitic structure in the longitudinal section of the bolt.
412
VIEW
ML00087 / Nov.2017
High Strength Austenitic SS Bolt
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite
Micrography of the 1.65 mm thickness tube, in the middle of the thickness of the longitudinal section. This part of the tube is located in the colder part of the equipment, position 1. The material presented carbide precipitation at grain boundaries (not yet fully surrounding the grains) and at this point the tube presented no internal corrosion.
338
VIEW
ML00086 / Nov.2017
Intergranular Corrosion of Sensitized 304SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - Heat ExchangerCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite
Micrography of the new tube close to a region of a casting defect (shrinkage), presenting only austenitic structure with a network of primary precipitates.
351
VIEW
ML00097 / Nov.2017
Cast SS Tube Removed From High Temperature Service
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Centrifugally Cast PipeAp - SiderurgyCd - High Temperature
Cm - Glyceregia Etched Micrography by OMDf - Austenitic with Primary Carbides
Micrography of the base metal presenting a banded microstructure in the longitudinal section of the pipe.
51
VIEW
ML00066 / May.2017
GMAW Welded Joint in 9%Ni Alloy Steel
M - Nickel Alloy SteelP - Welded Testpiece for QualificationAp - PipelineCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal

More from these cases

ML00164 — Austenitic SS Casting for Valve BodyM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CastingAp - ValveCd - Typical manufacturing
Micrography of a longitudinal section, in the center of the valve body. The structure is austenitic with delta ferrite in interdendritic spaces. The austenite presents a cored matrix in the dendrites, indicating the chemical composition was not homogeneized during the heat treatment.
60
VIEW
ML00164 / Jun.2020
Austenitic SS Casting for Valve Body
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CastingAp - ValveCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Delta ferrite
Micrographic detail of the cored austenitic structure with delta ferrite in interdendritic spaces. The chemical composition was not homogeneized during the heat treatment.
55
VIEW
ML00164 / Jun.2020
Austenitic SS Casting for Valve Body
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CastingAp - ValveCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Delta ferrite
Micrography of a longitudinal section, in the 1" thickness valve wall. The structure is austenitic with delta ferrite in interdendritic spaces.
48
VIEW
ML00164 / Jun.2020
Austenitic SS Casting for Valve Body
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CastingAp - ValveCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Austenite
Micrography of a longitudinal section, in the valve wall 1" thick. The structure is austenitic with delta ferrite in interdendritic spaces. The austenite is clean indicating that the homogeneization of a smaller thickness in the heat treatment is considered effective.
40
VIEW
ML00164 / Jun.2020
Austenitic SS Casting for Valve Body
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CastingAp - ValveCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Delta ferrite
Micrographic detail of the clean austenitic matrix, with delta ferrite in interdendritic spaces.
35
VIEW
ML00164 / Jun.2020
Austenitic SS Casting for Valve Body
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CastingAp - ValveCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Delta ferrite
ML00157 — Bolts Under Chloride SCC ConditionsM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Low magnification micrography, by optical microscope, of the longitudinal section of a damaged bolt, in the center of the thickness. The microstructure is austenitic, free from carbides.
100
VIEW
ML00157 / Feb.2020
Bolts Under Chloride SCC Conditions
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Austenite
Micrography, by optical microscope, of the longitudinal section of a damaged bolt, in the center of the thickness. The microstructure is austenitic, free from carbides, strain hardened. The hardness values of the material are from 200HV1 to 300HV1, that meets the class 2 of strenght (ASTM A193 B8M class 2).
79
VIEW
ML00157 / Feb.2020
Bolts Under Chloride SCC Conditions
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Strain Hardened
Detail of the strain hardened austenitic microstructure. Micrography by optical microscope, of the longitudinal section of a bolt, in the center of the thickness.
76
VIEW
ML00157 / Feb.2020
Bolts Under Chloride SCC Conditions
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Strain Hardened
Optical micrography of a longitudinal section of the fractured bolt, at the thread. The material is austenitic, free from carbides, and the threads were fully cracked by the stress corrosion mechanism.
58
VIEW
ML00157 / Feb.2020
Bolts Under Chloride SCC Conditions
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Stress Corrosion Cracks
Optical micrography of a longitudinal section of the fractured bolt, under the thread, showing stress corrosion cracks through the section.
46
VIEW
ML00157 / Feb.2020
Bolts Under Chloride SCC Conditions
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Stress Corrosion Cracks

+2 more from this case →

ML00121 — Pitting Corrosion in a Subsea SystemM - Austenitic / MartensiticP - Rod & CylinderAp - SubseaCd - Pitting Corrosion
Nitronic 60 cylinder. Micrography of the longitudinal section in the center of the thickness, presenting a fully austenitic microstructure, with some aligned non metallic inclusions.
157
VIEW
ML00121 / Feb.2018
Pitting Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic / MartensiticP - Rod & CylinderAp - SubseaCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite
Nitronic 60 cylinder. Micrographic detail of the longitudinal section in the center of the thickness, presenting a fully austenitic microstructure, equiaxial grains, typical of a solution annealed condition.
136
VIEW
ML00121 / Feb.2018
Pitting Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic / MartensiticP - Rod & CylinderAp - SubseaCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite
Nitronic 60 cylinder. Micrography of the longitudinal section close to the surface, presenting a fully austenitic microstructure, with a shadow close to the external surface that is associated to a small layer of strain hardened structure (deformation twins).
133
VIEW
ML00121 / Feb.2018
Pitting Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic / MartensiticP - Rod & CylinderAp - SubseaCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Strain Hardened
Nitronic 60 cylinder. Micrography of the longitudinal section close to the surface, presenting a fully austenitic microstructure, with a 0.15mm layer of strain hardened structure (deformation twins).
120
VIEW
ML00121 / Feb.2018
Pitting Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic / MartensiticP - Rod & CylinderAp - SubseaCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Strain Hardened
Nitronic 60 cylinder. Micrographic detail of the longitudinal section close to the surface, presenting a fully austenitic microstructure, with a layer of strain hardened structure (deformation twins).
113
VIEW
ML00121 / Feb.2018
Pitting Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic / MartensiticP - Rod & CylinderAp - SubseaCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Strain Hardened

+4 more from this case →

ML00101 — High Strength 316SS BoltM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Micrography of the longitudinal section of the bolt, in the center of the body thickness. Strain hardened austenic structure.
52
VIEW
ML00101 / Nov.2017
High Strength 316SS Bolt
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Strain Hardened
Micrography of the longitudinal section of the bolt, in the center of the body thickness. Strain hardened austenic structure.
46
VIEW
ML00101 / Nov.2017
High Strength 316SS Bolt
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Strain Hardened
Micrography of the longitudinal section of the bolt, at the thread. The bolt was cold deformed and the thread was cold rolled.
32
VIEW
ML00101 / Nov.2017
High Strength 316SS Bolt
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Strain Hardened
Micrography of the longitudinal section of the bolt, at the thread. The bolt was cold deformed and the thread was cold rolled.
31
VIEW
ML00101 / Nov.2017
High Strength 316SS Bolt
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Strain Hardened
Micrographic detail of the strain hardened austenitic structure at the thread.
25
VIEW
ML00101 / Nov.2017
High Strength 316SS Bolt
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite
ML00087 — High Strength Austenitic SS BoltM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Micrography of the longitudinal section of the bolt, in the center of the body thickness. Strain hardened austenic structure.
73
VIEW
ML00087 / Nov.2017
High Strength Austenitic SS Bolt
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Strain Hardened
Micrography of the longitudinal section of the bolt, in the center of the body thickness. Strain hardened austenic structure.
62
VIEW
ML00087 / Nov.2017
High Strength Austenitic SS Bolt
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Strain Hardened
Micrography of the longitudinal section of the bolt, at the thread. The bolt was cold deformed and the thread was cold rolled.
65
VIEW
ML00087 / Nov.2017
High Strength Austenitic SS Bolt
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Strain Hardened
Micrography of the longitudinal section of the bolt, at the thread. The bolt was cold deformed and the thread was cold rolled.
65
VIEW
ML00087 / Nov.2017
High Strength Austenitic SS Bolt
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Strain Hardened
Micrographic detail of the strain hardened austenitic structure at the thread.
59
VIEW
ML00087 / Nov.2017
High Strength Austenitic SS Bolt
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite
ML00086 — Intergranular Corrosion of Sensitized 304SSM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - Heat ExchangerCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Micrography of the 1.65 mm thickness tube, in the middle of the thickness of the longitudinal section. This part of the tube is located in position 2, where the temperature was higher and the carbide precipitation increased during service.
272
VIEW
ML00086 / Nov.2017
Intergranular Corrosion of Sensitized 304SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - Heat ExchangerCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Intergranular Precipitation
Micrography of the 1.65 mm thickness tube, in the middle of the thickness of the longitudinal section. This part of the tube is located in position 3, where intergranular and transgranular carbide precipitation occurred during service.
234
VIEW
ML00086 / Nov.2017
Intergranular Corrosion of Sensitized 304SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - Heat ExchangerCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Intragranular Secondary Precipitation
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the tube in position 2, presenting thinning by intergranular corrosion at the internal surface.
193
VIEW
ML00086 / Nov.2017
Intergranular Corrosion of Sensitized 304SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - Heat ExchangerCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Intergranular Corrosion
Micrographic detail of the intergranular corrosion at the internal surface of the tube in position 2. Several grains were already removed by the corrosion.
171
VIEW
ML00086 / Nov.2017
Intergranular Corrosion of Sensitized 304SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - Heat ExchangerCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Intergranular Corrosion
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the tube in position 3, at the internal surface. Although there is a strong precipitation, both intergranular and transgranular, the tube did not corrode at this point.
144
VIEW
ML00086 / Nov.2017
Intergranular Corrosion of Sensitized 304SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - Heat ExchangerCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Intragranular Secondary Precipitation

+1 more from this case →

ML00097 — Cast SS Tube Removed From High Temperature ServiceM - Heat Resistant SteelP - Centrifugally Cast PipeAp - SiderurgyCd - High Temperature
Micrography close to the external surface of a new tube, sound.
48
VIEW
ML00097 / Nov.2017
Cast SS Tube Removed From High Temperature Service
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Centrifugally Cast PipeAp - SiderurgyCd - High Temperature
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Close to the External Surface
Micrography close to the internal surface of a new tube, presenting casting defects.
47
VIEW
ML00097 / Nov.2017
Cast SS Tube Removed From High Temperature Service
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Centrifugally Cast PipeAp - SiderurgyCd - High Temperature
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Close to the Internal Surface
Micrography of the tube removed from service after 6 month, close to a region of a casting defect (shrinkage), presenting austenitic structure with a network of primary precipitates (initial stage of coarsening) and intragranular secondary precipitation.
48
VIEW
ML00097 / Nov.2017
Cast SS Tube Removed From High Temperature Service
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Centrifugally Cast PipeAp - SiderurgyCd - High Temperature
Cm - Glyceregia Etched Micrography by OMDf - Intragranular Secondary Precipitation
Micrography close to the internal surface of the tube removed from service after 6 month, presenting high temperature oxidation and shrinkage voids (casting defects).
32
VIEW
ML00097 / Nov.2017
Cast SS Tube Removed From High Temperature Service
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Centrifugally Cast PipeAp - SiderurgyCd - High Temperature
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Close to the Internal Surface
Micrography close to the external surface of the tube removed from service, damaged by high temperature oxidation.
25
VIEW
ML00097 / Nov.2017
Cast SS Tube Removed From High Temperature Service
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Centrifugally Cast PipeAp - SiderurgyCd - High Temperature
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Close to the External Surface
ML00066 — GMAW Welded Joint in 9%Ni Alloy SteelM - Nickel Alloy SteelP - Welded Testpiece for QualificationAp - PipelineCd - Welding
Micrographic detail of a longitudinal section of the base metal presenting a quenched and tempered microstructure.
49
VIEW
ML00066 / May.2017
GMAW Welded Joint in 9%Ni Alloy Steel
M - Nickel Alloy SteelP - Welded Testpiece for QualificationAp - PipelineCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal
Micrographic detail of the low temperature heat affected zone of the pipe. The intercritical temperature (IC) is evident in the decorated grain boundaries of the previous austenite.
42
VIEW
ML00066 / May.2017
GMAW Welded Joint in 9%Ni Alloy Steel
M - Nickel Alloy SteelP - Welded Testpiece for QualificationAp - PipelineCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Heat Affected Zone
Micrography of the fusion line close to the cap pass (CP). The weld metal (non etched) is in the left side.
43
VIEW
ML00066 / May.2017
GMAW Welded Joint in 9%Ni Alloy Steel
M - Nickel Alloy SteelP - Welded Testpiece for QualificationAp - PipelineCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Fusion Line
Micrography of the heat affected zone, a little far from the fusion line, close to the base metal.
40
VIEW
ML00066 / May.2017
GMAW Welded Joint in 9%Ni Alloy Steel
M - Nickel Alloy SteelP - Welded Testpiece for QualificationAp - PipelineCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Heat Affected Zone
Micrographic detail of the fusion line in the center of the thickness, where the heat affected zone was reheated by the subsequent passes.
34
VIEW
ML00066 / May.2017
GMAW Welded Joint in 9%Ni Alloy Steel
M - Nickel Alloy SteelP - Welded Testpiece for QualificationAp - PipelineCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Fusion Line

+8 more from this case →