Optical Microscope

162 cases · 600 images

Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

Detail focus: Microstructure clear all

Optical Microscope — sub-branches

As polished micrography 13Chromic Acid Electrolytic Etched 4Eletrolytically Etched Micrography by OM 4FeCl3+HCl+Ethanol Etched Micro 6FeCl3+HCl+H2O Etched Micro 17Glyceregia Etched Micrography by OM 5H2SO4+HNO3+H3PO4 Etched Micro 2Kalling Etched Micrography by OM 62Keller Etched Micrography by OM 7Kroll Etched Micrography by OM 3Micro by OM, HCl + Ethanol + Picric Acid 6Micrography by OM 17Micrography by OM using A262 Method A 39Micrography by OM, HF + HNO3 + H2O etch 6NH4OH+H2O+H2O2 Etched Micro 3NaOH Electrolytic Etched Micro 44Nital Etched Micrography by OM 329Oxalic Acid Electrolytic Etch 33

Results

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Tempered martensitic microstructure in the transverse section of the nut, in the center. The material presented 29 HRc that is typical of a quenched and tempered steel.
30
VIEW
ML00099 / Jan.2018
Forging Defect in a Cadmium Plated Nut
M - Medium Carbon SteelP - NutAp - PipingCd - Fabrication Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
Micrography of the lifting padeye showing a dendritic path of a quenched and tempered martensitic microstructure. The segregated regions (white interdendritic regions) are more clearly identified in low magnification. Voids are located in these segregated regions.
21
VIEW
ML00098 / Nov.2017
Brittle Fracture of a Casting Lifting Device
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - CastingAp - LiftingCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
Micrography of the new tube close to a region of a casting defect (shrinkage), presenting only austenitic structure with a network of primary precipitates.
351
VIEW
ML00097 / Nov.2017
Cast SS Tube Removed From High Temperature Service
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Centrifugally Cast PipeAp - SiderurgyCd - High Temperature
Cm - Glyceregia Etched Micrography by OMDf - Austenitic with Primary Carbides
Micrographic aspect of the martensitic structure at the longitudinal section.
60
VIEW
ML00082 / Dec.2017
Corrosion Fatigue of a Drilling Tool
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
Micrographic detail of a transverse section of the rail, in the head, showing a fully perlitic structure.
520
VIEW
ML00096 / Oct.2017
Carbon Steel Tee Rail
M - High Strength Low AlloyP - RailAp - TransportationCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Pearlite
Micrographic detail of a transverse section of the back steel of an engine bearing, presenting a predominantly ferritic structure, strain hardened.
26
VIEW
ML00083 / Oct.2017
Steel Back of a Bimetallic Engine Bearing
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Cold FormedAp - ShipCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Predominantly Ferritic
Base metal micrography in the longitudinal section, showing an austenitic granular structure. Ghost lines evidence the hot forming direction.
44
VIEW
ML00095 / Sep.2017
MIC of a Riser Control Line
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - Oil and GasCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite
Micrography of the fitting longitudinal section, showing a coarse austenitic ferritic structure.
39
VIEW
ML00094 / Sep.2017
MIC of a Subsea Hydraulic Line
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Duplex structure

More from these cases

ML00099 — Forging Defect in a Cadmium Plated NutM - Medium Carbon SteelP - NutAp - PipingCd - Fabrication Defect
Ferritic-bainitic microstructure in the transverse section of the nut, at the surface where the cadmium plate is also evident. The nut surface presents a decarburized layer and the lap entrapped oxides.
30
VIEW
ML00099 / Jan.2018
Forging Defect in a Cadmium Plated Nut
M - Medium Carbon SteelP - NutAp - PipingCd - Fabrication Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Bainitic Ferrite
ML00098 — Brittle Fracture of a Casting Lifting DeviceM - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - CastingAp - LiftingCd - Brittle Fracture
Micrography of the lifting padeye showing a quenched and tempered martensitic microstructure. Voids are located in interdendritic segregated regions.
20
VIEW
ML00098 / Nov.2017
Brittle Fracture of a Casting Lifting Device
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - CastingAp - LiftingCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
Micrography of the lifting padeye showing a quenched and tempered martensitic microstructure. Voids are located in interdendritic segregated regions. At this magnification the segregation is not clear.
16
VIEW
ML00098 / Nov.2017
Brittle Fracture of a Casting Lifting Device
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - CastingAp - LiftingCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
Micrography of the lifting padeye showing a quenched and tempered martensitic microstructure. The hardness level of the material is about 39 HRc.
14
VIEW
ML00098 / Nov.2017
Brittle Fracture of a Casting Lifting Device
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - CastingAp - LiftingCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
Micrography of a region where there is a large amount of casting defects. Shrinkage voids in interdendritic spaces, some interconnected and cracked.
13
VIEW
ML00098 / Nov.2017
Brittle Fracture of a Casting Lifting Device
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - CastingAp - LiftingCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
Micrography of a region where there is a large amount of casting defects. Shrinkage voids in interdendritic spaces, some interconnected and cracked.
13
VIEW
ML00098 / Nov.2017
Brittle Fracture of a Casting Lifting Device
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - CastingAp - LiftingCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
ML00097 — Cast SS Tube Removed From High Temperature ServiceM - Heat Resistant SteelP - Centrifugally Cast PipeAp - SiderurgyCd - High Temperature
Micrography of the tube removed from service after 6 month, close to a region of a casting defect (shrinkage), presenting austenitic structure with a network of primary precipitates (initial stage of coarsening) and intragranular secondary precipitation.
48
VIEW
ML00097 / Nov.2017
Cast SS Tube Removed From High Temperature Service
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Centrifugally Cast PipeAp - SiderurgyCd - High Temperature
Cm - Glyceregia Etched Micrography by OMDf - Intragranular Secondary Precipitation
ML00082 — Corrosion Fatigue of a Drilling ToolM - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Micrography of the quenched and tempered structure. Longitudinal section.
51
VIEW
ML00082 / Dec.2017
Corrosion Fatigue of a Drilling Tool
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Banded Structure
Micrography of the quenched and tempered structure. Longitudinal section. Sligthly banded.
45
VIEW
ML00082 / Dec.2017
Corrosion Fatigue of a Drilling Tool
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Banded Structure
ML00096 — Carbon Steel Tee RailM - High Strength Low AlloyP - RailAp - TransportationCd - Typical manufacturing
Micrographic detail of a transverse section of the rail, in the head, showing a fully perlitic structure.
57
VIEW
ML00096 / Oct.2017
Carbon Steel Tee Rail
M - High Strength Low AlloyP - RailAp - TransportationCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Perlite
ML00083 — Steel Back of a Bimetallic Engine BearingM - Low Carbon SteelP - Cold FormedAp - ShipCd - Removed From Service
Micrography of a transverse section of the back steel of an engine bearing, presenting a predominantly ferritic structure, strain hardened.
24
VIEW
ML00083 / Oct.2017
Steel Back of a Bimetallic Engine Bearing
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Cold FormedAp - ShipCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Strain Hardened
Micrography of a transverse section of the back steel of an engine bearing, presenting a predominantly ferritic structure, strain hardened.
24
VIEW
ML00083 / Oct.2017
Steel Back of a Bimetallic Engine Bearing
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Cold FormedAp - ShipCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Strain Hardened
ML00095 — MIC of a Riser Control LineM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - Oil and GasCd - Brittle Behavior
Micrography of the longitudinal section of the line at the fusion line of the fitting, close to OD. It is possible to see that the base metal is austenitic and the weld metal is austeno-ferritic. In the center of the thickness the average hardness of the fitting is 250HV1 and the average hardness of the weld metal is 180HV1.
48
VIEW
ML00095 / Sep.2017
MIC of a Riser Control Line
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - Oil and GasCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Fusion Line
Micrographic detail of the fusion line of the fitting, close to OD. Austenitic base metal and austeno-ferritic weld metal.
50
VIEW
ML00095 / Sep.2017
MIC of a Riser Control Line
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - Oil and GasCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Fusion Line
ML00094 — MIC of a Subsea Hydraulic LineM - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Behavior
Micrographic detail of the fitting longitudinal section showing a coarse austenitic ferritic structure.
37
VIEW
ML00094 / Sep.2017
MIC of a Subsea Hydraulic Line
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Coarse Structure
Micrography of the tubing longitudinal section, showing a refined austenitic ferritic structure.
36
VIEW
ML00094 / Sep.2017
MIC of a Subsea Hydraulic Line
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Duplex structure
Micrographic detail of the tubing longitudinal section showing a refined austenitic ferritic structure.
43
VIEW
ML00094 / Sep.2017
MIC of a Subsea Hydraulic Line
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Grain refined structure
Micrographic detail of the region where the cracking was initiated at the internal side of the fitting. There are evidences of strain hadening efects, probably due to internal machining of the fitting, and surface microcracks.
41
VIEW
ML00094 / Sep.2017
MIC of a Subsea Hydraulic Line
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Strain Hardened