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Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

Condition: Welding Defect clear all

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The drilling connector, 21" diameter, presented a crack at the margin of the weld in the forging side (left side of the weld in the figure).
744
VIEW
ML00178 / Jan.2022
Cold cracks in Cr-Mo Welded Forging
M - CrMo SteelP - ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
The macrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe and connector, at the welded joint, shows that the welding was conducted from both side of the groove, starting from the ID and finishing from the OD, ID later machined flush. The cracking was detected by ultrasonic test and the macro shows that it is at the fusion line, growthing into the weld metal. See the schematic drawing in the next figure
535
VIEW
ML00072 / Jan.2018
Liquation Cracks in a High Strength Joint
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Longitudinal Section
Macrography showing the different regions of a pipe-to-plate fillet weld. See the schematic drawing in the next image
954
VIEW
ML00052 / Apr.2017
Cold Cracks in API 5CT L80 Tube Welded to a Structural Part
M - Low Alloy SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - OffshoreCd - Welding Defect
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Fracture
Fracture occurred during fabrication of a low carbon steel automotive part, welded by SAW process in one fillet, between a superior plate (8mm thick) and an inferior plate (12 mm thick). See the schematic drawing in the next figure.
290
VIEW
ML00069 / May.2017
Liquation Cracks in SAW of Low Carbon Steel
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - AutomotiveCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Fracture
Image of the magnetic particle test, using a white contrast, presenting the cracks at the surface of the weld metal. The cracks are transverse to the weld and do not propagate into the base metals. A forged T in the right side of the figure and a thick wall tube in the left side of the figure, both in P12 CrMo steel.
1044
VIEW
ML00071 / Jan.2019
Reheating Cracking of a CrMo Vessel Weld
M - CrMo SteelP - In Field WeldAp - EnergyCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Aspect by NDTDf - Cracks
Micrography of the weld metal presenting a martensitic island with microcracks, due to a localized increase in the manganese and silicon content, probably because an active flux was adopted in a condition where a high cleanning action was not required. A high flux-to-wire ratio (>1) could also be an issue.
794
VIEW
ML00067 / May.2017
Cold Cracks in C-Mn SAW Weld Metal
M - CMn SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - AutomotiveCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Microcracks
The repair weld presented several cracks in the weld metal, transverse to the weld, detected during inspection using magnetic particle test. The cracks were mainly located in regions of the structure where the repair was conducted by welding in the vertical position using 1/8" stick electrode.
709
VIEW
ML00010 / Oct.2017
Cold Cracks in a Gouged Weld Metal
M - Low Alloy Low Carbon QTP - Rolled PlateAp - OffshoreCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Aspect by NDTDf - Cracking
The internal surface of the 2 1/2" thickness plate drum was welded to attach a baffle plate (1/4" thick) using two fillets (one in each side of the plate to shell), but the welding procedure was not suitable since cracks appeared underbead, although they were detected only after 6 month in operation, when the baffle was removed. The picture shows a macrography of the surface, with the cracking.
698
VIEW
ML00008 / Nov.2017
Cold Cracks in CMn Steel Pressure Vessel
M - CMn SteelP - In Field WeldAp - BoilerCd - Welding Defect
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Cracking

More from these cases

ML00178 — Cold cracks in Cr-Mo Welded ForgingM - CrMo SteelP - ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Circumferential weld aspect. Two passes in the cap. This forging to pipe welded joint, 22 mm thick, was welded by an automatic process in a narrow gap. The pipe is to the top of the image and the forging is to the bottom of the image.
165
VIEW
ML00178 / Jan.2022
Cold cracks in Cr-Mo Welded Forging
M - CrMo SteelP - ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - External Surface
The dye check image shows the detected crack, 50 mm long, at the margin of the weld in the forging side.
137
VIEW
ML00178 / Jan.2022
Cold cracks in Cr-Mo Welded Forging
M - CrMo SteelP - ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Aspect by NDTDf - Cracking
Macrography of the welded joint between the forging and the pipe, showing it was welded in a narrow gap, indicating by the arrow the location of the crack at the margin of the weld, in the forging side.
129
VIEW
ML00178 / Jan.2022
Cold cracks in Cr-Mo Welded Forging
M - CrMo SteelP - ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Welded Joint
Quenched and tempered structure of the F22 steel forging, presenting about 230HV10 average hardness.
133
VIEW
ML00178 / Jan.2022
Cold cracks in Cr-Mo Welded Forging
M - CrMo SteelP - ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal
Tempered martensitic structure for the F22 forging base metal.
129
VIEW
ML00178 / Jan.2022
Cold cracks in Cr-Mo Welded Forging
M - CrMo SteelP - ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Tempered Martensite

+14 more from this case →

ML00072 — Liquation Cracks in a High Strength JointM - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Schematic drawing presenting the longitudinal section of the pipe and connector at the welded joint
105
VIEW
ML00072 / Jan.2018
Liquation Cracks in a High Strength Joint
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Identification drawingDf - Longitudinal Section
Hot cracking at the fusion line of the connector side, in a welded joint between a forging and a pipe, in a macrographic sample. The region of the heat affected zone of the connector presents a dendritic aspect suggesting that the forging reduction rate of the connector was not too high and did not broke the cast structure.
110
VIEW
ML00072 / Jan.2018
Liquation Cracks in a High Strength Joint
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Welded Joint
The connector was welded to the pipe from both (internal and external) sides, a PWHT was applied and the part was machined. The UT indication was detected during final inspection.
78
VIEW
ML00072 / Jan.2018
Liquation Cracks in a High Strength Joint
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Micrography of the welded joint fusion line presenting the liquation cracking. The weld metal is in the right side (bottom) and the forged connector heat affected zone is in the left side (top).
83
VIEW
ML00072 / Jan.2018
Liquation Cracks in a High Strength Joint
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Cracking
The liquation crack is a hot crack in the base metal (at the HAZ) that induces a solidification crack in the weld metal.
66
VIEW
ML00072 / Jan.2018
Liquation Cracks in a High Strength Joint
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Weld Metal

+11 more from this case →

ML00052 — Cold Cracks in API 5CT L80 Tube Welded to a Structural PartM - Low Alloy SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - OffshoreCd - Welding Defect
Schematic drawing presenting the different regions of a pipe-to-plate fillet weld.
71
VIEW
ML00052 / Apr.2017
Cold Cracks in API 5CT L80 Tube Welded to a Structural Part
M - Low Alloy SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - OffshoreCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Identification drawingDf - Fracture
Macrography of the fillet welded joint between the 3" ND tube and the 3/4" thick plate. See the schematic drawing in the next figure
56
VIEW
ML00052 / Apr.2017
Cold Cracks in API 5CT L80 Tube Welded to a Structural Part
M - Low Alloy SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - OffshoreCd - Welding Defect
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Welded Joint
Schematic drawing presenting the position of the cracking, at the margin of the weld in the tube and underbead.
47
VIEW
ML00052 / Apr.2017
Cold Cracks in API 5CT L80 Tube Welded to a Structural Part
M - Low Alloy SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - OffshoreCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Identification drawingDf - Welded Joint
The micrography shows the region underbead, of the tube HAZ, responsible for the hydrogen cracking (fracture in the right side of the photo - black). The hardness of the HAZ is about 600 HV.
55
VIEW
ML00052 / Apr.2017
Cold Cracks in API 5CT L80 Tube Welded to a Structural Part
M - Low Alloy SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - OffshoreCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Cracking
Low carbon plate base metal presenting the ferritic perlitic structure.
55
VIEW
ML00052 / Apr.2017
Cold Cracks in API 5CT L80 Tube Welded to a Structural Part
M - Low Alloy SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - OffshoreCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal

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ML00069 — Liquation Cracks in SAW of Low Carbon SteelM - Low Carbon SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - AutomotiveCd - Welding Defect
Schematic drawing presenting the fracture occured during fabrication of a low carbon steel automotive part.
82
VIEW
ML00069 / May.2017
Liquation Cracks in SAW of Low Carbon Steel
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - AutomotiveCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Identification drawingDf - Fracture
Macrography of the typical welded joint between the superior plate (8mm) and the inferior plate (12 mm) using one SAW fillet. The superior plate is welded in the thickness and the inferior plate is welded at the surface in this overlap joint. See the schematic drawing in the next figure
95
VIEW
ML00069 / May.2017
Liquation Cracks in SAW of Low Carbon Steel
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - AutomotiveCd - Welding Defect
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Welded Joint
Schematic drawing presenting the different zones at the welded joint.
88
VIEW
ML00069 / May.2017
Liquation Cracks in SAW of Low Carbon Steel
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - AutomotiveCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Identification drawingDf - Welded Joint
Micrography of the ferritic low carbon steel plate (8 mm superior plate).
80
VIEW
ML00069 / May.2017
Liquation Cracks in SAW of Low Carbon Steel
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - AutomotiveCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal
Micrographic detail of the ferritic low carbon steel plate (8 mm superior plate).
80
VIEW
ML00069 / May.2017
Liquation Cracks in SAW of Low Carbon Steel
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - AutomotiveCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal

+10 more from this case →

ML00071 — Reheating Cracking of a CrMo Vessel WeldM - CrMo SteelP - In Field WeldAp - EnergyCd - Welding Defect
Aspect of the butt welded joint surface, after grinding to remove the reinforcement, polishing and macro etching. There are multiple cracks, transverse to the weld and restricted to the weld metal. The surface hardness are 167HB for the tube (left side), 180 HB for the Forged T (right side) and 272 HB for the weld metal, suggesting lack of a suitable PWHT.
181
VIEW
ML00071 / Jan.2019
Reheating Cracking of a CrMo Vessel Weld
M - CrMo SteelP - In Field WeldAp - EnergyCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Surface AspectDf - Cracks
The morphology of the cracking in the weld metal is intergranular (in the previous austenite grain boundaries), and branched. The replication technique was adopted to define the nature of the cracks.
148
VIEW
ML00071 / Jan.2019
Reheating Cracking of a CrMo Vessel Weld
M - CrMo SteelP - In Field WeldAp - EnergyCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital etched, OMDf - Cracks
Detail of the weld metal intergranular and branched cracking (in the previous austenite grain boundaries). The replication technique was adopted to define the nature of the cracks.
125
VIEW
ML00071 / Jan.2019
Reheating Cracking of a CrMo Vessel Weld
M - CrMo SteelP - In Field WeldAp - EnergyCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital etched, OMDf - Cracks
The forged T presented a ferritic perlitic/bainitic structure at the surface, where the replica was conducted. The base material material hardness is 180 HB.
121
VIEW
ML00071 / Jan.2019
Reheating Cracking of a CrMo Vessel Weld
M - CrMo SteelP - In Field WeldAp - EnergyCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital etched, OMDf - Ferrite and Bainite
The thick wall tube presented a bainitic structure at the surface, where the replica was conducted. The base material material hardness is 167 HB.
108
VIEW
ML00071 / Jan.2019
Reheating Cracking of a CrMo Vessel Weld
M - CrMo SteelP - In Field WeldAp - EnergyCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital etched, OMDf - Bainite

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ML00067 — Cold Cracks in C-Mn SAW Weld MetalM - CMn SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - AutomotiveCd - Welding Defect
Aspect of the fillet weld between the superior plate (Low carbon 8 mm thick) and the inferior plate (C-Mn 12 mm thick), in an overlap geometry. In this region the welded joint was sound.
90
VIEW
ML00067 / May.2017
Cold Cracks in C-Mn SAW Weld Metal
M - CMn SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - AutomotiveCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Welded Joint
Aspect of the fracture in the middle of the fillet weld between the superior plate (Low carbon 8 mm thick no longer there) and the inferior plate (C-Mn 12 mm thick), in an overlap geometry.
77
VIEW
ML00067 / May.2017
Cold Cracks in C-Mn SAW Weld Metal
M - CMn SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - AutomotiveCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Fracture
Macrography of the joint welded by SAW process in overlap geometry, between the 8 mm low carbon steel plate (superior) and the 12 mm C-Mn steel plate (inferior).
70
VIEW
ML00067 / May.2017
Cold Cracks in C-Mn SAW Weld Metal
M - CMn SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - AutomotiveCd - Welding Defect
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Welded Joint
Micrography of the 12 mm plate base metal, carbon-manganese steel. Ferritic-perlitic structure, refined.
58
VIEW
ML00067 / May.2017
Cold Cracks in C-Mn SAW Weld Metal
M - CMn SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - AutomotiveCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal
Micrography of the 8 mm plate base metal, low carbon steel. Predominantly ferritic structure.
57
VIEW
ML00067 / May.2017
Cold Cracks in C-Mn SAW Weld Metal
M - CMn SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - AutomotiveCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal

+11 more from this case →

ML00010 — Cold Cracks in a Gouged Weld MetalM - Low Alloy Low Carbon QTP - Rolled PlateAp - OffshoreCd - Welding Defect
After grinding to remove the cracks, it was possible to see that they originated in the root, with longitudinal and transverse cracking, and localized in the weld metal only.
167
VIEW
ML00010 / Oct.2017
Cold Cracks in a Gouged Weld Metal
M - Low Alloy Low Carbon QTP - Rolled PlateAp - OffshoreCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Aspect by NDTDf - Cracking
Acetate metallographic replica from the surface, before cracking removal, showing the intergranular morphology of the cracks in a very refined weld metal structure.
123
VIEW
ML00010 / Oct.2017
Cold Cracks in a Gouged Weld Metal
M - Low Alloy Low Carbon QTP - Rolled PlateAp - OffshoreCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital etched, OMDf - Intergranular Cracking
Detail of the acetate metallographic replica from the surface, before cracking removal, showing the (previous austenite) intergranular morphology of the cracks in a very refined weld metal structure.
107
VIEW
ML00010 / Oct.2017
Cold Cracks in a Gouged Weld Metal
M - Low Alloy Low Carbon QTP - Rolled PlateAp - OffshoreCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital etched, OMDf - Intergranular Cracking
Tempered martensitic structure of the plate base metal.
93
VIEW
ML00010 / Oct.2017
Cold Cracks in a Gouged Weld Metal
M - Low Alloy Low Carbon QTP - Rolled PlateAp - OffshoreCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal
Detail of the tempered martensitic structure of the plate base metal. Hardness level of 27 HRc.
92
VIEW
ML00010 / Oct.2017
Cold Cracks in a Gouged Weld Metal
M - Low Alloy Low Carbon QTP - Rolled PlateAp - OffshoreCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal

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ML00008 — Cold Cracks in CMn Steel Pressure VesselM - CMn SteelP - In Field WeldAp - BoilerCd - Welding Defect
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the shell plate base metal, presenting a typical ferritic-perlitic microstructure.
149
VIEW
ML00008 / Nov.2017
Cold Cracks in CMn Steel Pressure Vessel
M - CMn SteelP - In Field WeldAp - BoilerCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite
Higher magnification of the ferritic-perlitic microstructure of the shell plate in the longitudinal section.
129
VIEW
ML00008 / Nov.2017
Cold Cracks in CMn Steel Pressure Vessel
M - CMn SteelP - In Field WeldAp - BoilerCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite
Cold cracking of the fillet weld adopted to attach a flat support into a vessel shell in the internal side, using an unsuitable welding procedure that created a too high hardness HAZ.
123
VIEW
ML00008 / Nov.2017
Cold Cracks in CMn Steel Pressure Vessel
M - CMn SteelP - In Field WeldAp - BoilerCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Cracks
Cold cracking of the fillet weld adopted to attach a flat support into a vessel shell in the internal side, using an unsuitable welding procedure that created a too high hardness HAZ. The cracks are mainly located at the fusion line.
118
VIEW
ML00008 / Nov.2017
Cold Cracks in CMn Steel Pressure Vessel
M - CMn SteelP - In Field WeldAp - BoilerCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Cracks
Cold cracking of the fillet weld adopted to attach a flat support into a vessel shell in the internal side, using an unsuitable welding procedure that created a too high hardness HAZ. Several internal cracks at the fusion line.
101
VIEW
ML00008 / Nov.2017
Cold Cracks in CMn Steel Pressure Vessel
M - CMn SteelP - In Field WeldAp - BoilerCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Cracks

+2 more from this case →