ASTM

92 cases · 768 images

Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

Capture method: Optical Microscope clear all

ASTM — sub-branches

A 80B 15F 1

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Low magnification micrography of the bolt in a longitudinal section, at the bolt thread, showing no evidences of forming operations, indicating it was machined from a heat treated bar. Austenitic microstructure, granular, equiaxial, precipitation hardened (shadow in the grains).
45
VIEW
ML00105 / Jun.2018
Inconel 718 Bolt of Special Head
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - FastenerAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Longitudinal Section
The micrography of the longitudinal section of the tube, close to OD, shows the paralel cracks, filled with oxides, perpendicular to the surface.
1441
VIEW
ML00104 / Dec.2017
Thermal Fatigue of a Boiler Tube
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Autogenously Welded TubeAp - BoilerCd - Thermal Fatigue
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Close to the External Surface
Micrography of the longitudinal section of the fitiing, in a free-cutting steel. The microstructure is predominantly ferritic and there is a large amount of sulfide inclusions, aligned perpendicular to the forming direction.
98
VIEW
ML00103 / Nov.2017
Brittle Fracture of a Free-Cutting Connector
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Machined PartAp - ShipCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Longitudinal Section
Micrographic detail of the strain hardened austenitic structure in the longitudinal section of the bolt.
441
VIEW
ML00101 / Nov.2017
High Strength 316SS Bolt
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite
Micrographic detail of the strain hardened austenitic structure in the longitudinal section of the bolt.
412
VIEW
ML00087 / Nov.2017
High Strength Austenitic SS Bolt
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite
Micrography of the 1.65 mm thickness tube, in the middle of the thickness of the longitudinal section. This part of the tube is located in the colder part of the equipment, position 1. The material presented carbide precipitation at grain boundaries (not yet fully surrounding the grains) and at this point the tube presented no internal corrosion.
338
VIEW
ML00086 / Nov.2017
Intergranular Corrosion of Sensitized 304SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - Heat ExchangerCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite
Micrography of the tool steel, in the longitudinal section of the part. The material presented a uniform structure, tempered martensite. The tempering was in low temperature since the hardness is high (58 HRc at the surface).
87
VIEW
ML00084 / Mar.2020
Walrus Tool Steel
M - High Carbon Tool SteelP - ForgingAp - Mechanical IndustryCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Uniform Structure
Micrographic detail of the forging lap defect that appears at the nut surface like a crack, filled with oxides. The nut presented a martensitic structure in the center of the nut, but in the regions adjacent to the defect the structure is ferritic-bainitic due to decarburization. There are several globular oxides (grey spots) that became entrapped during the forging.
654
VIEW
ML00099 / Jan.2018
Forging Defect in a Cadmium Plated Nut
M - Medium Carbon SteelP - NutAp - PipingCd - Fabrication Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Crack

More from these cases

ML00105 — Inconel 718 Bolt of Special HeadM - NiCrFe AlloyP - FastenerAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Micrography of the bolt in a longitudinal section, at the bolt thread, showing no evidences of forming operations, indicating it was machined from a heat treated bar. Austenitic microstructure, granular, equiaxial, precipitation hardened (shadow in the grains).
39
VIEW
ML00105 / Jun.2018
Inconel 718 Bolt of Special Head
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - FastenerAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Machined Thread
Micrographic detail of the bolt in a longitudinal section, at the bolt thread, showing no evidences of forming operations, indicating it was machined from a heat treated bar. Austenitic microstructure, granular, equiaxial, precipitation hardened (shadow in the grains).
31
VIEW
ML00105 / Jun.2018
Inconel 718 Bolt of Special Head
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - FastenerAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Machined Thread
Low magnification micrography of the bolt in a longitudinal section, at the bolt head, showing no evidences of forming operations, indicating it was machined from a heat treated bar. Austenitic microstructure, granular, equiaxial, precipitation hardened (shadow in the grains).
31
VIEW
ML00105 / Jun.2018
Inconel 718 Bolt of Special Head
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - FastenerAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Longitudinal Section
Micrography of the bolt in a longitudinal section, at the bolt head, showing no evidences of forming operations, indicating it was machined from a heat treated bar. Austenitic microstructure, granular, equiaxial, precipitation hardened (shadow in the grains).
31
VIEW
ML00105 / Jun.2018
Inconel 718 Bolt of Special Head
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - FastenerAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Austenite
Micrographic detail of the bolt in a longitudinal section, at the bolt head, showing no evidences of forming operations, indicating it was machined from a heat treated bar. Austenitic microstructure, granular, equiaxial, precipitation hardened (shadow in the grains).
27
VIEW
ML00105 / Jun.2018
Inconel 718 Bolt of Special Head
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - FastenerAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Equiaxial Grains

+3 more from this case →

ML00104 — Thermal Fatigue of a Boiler TubeM - Low Carbon SteelP - Autogenously Welded TubeAp - BoilerCd - Thermal Fatigue
The micrography of the longitudinal section of the tube, close to ID, shows the paralel cracks, filled with oxides, perpendicular to the surface.
229
VIEW
ML00104 / Dec.2017
Thermal Fatigue of a Boiler Tube
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Autogenously Welded TubeAp - BoilerCd - Thermal Fatigue
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Close to the Internal Surface
Micrographic details of the longitudinal section of the tube, close to OD, showing paralel cracks, filled with oxides, perpendicular to the surface.
115
VIEW
ML00104 / Dec.2017
Thermal Fatigue of a Boiler Tube
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Autogenously Welded TubeAp - BoilerCd - Thermal Fatigue
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Cracks Transverse to the Surface
Micrographic details of the longitudinal section of the tube, close to OD, showing paralel cracks, filled with oxides, perpendicular to the surface.
109
VIEW
ML00104 / Dec.2017
Thermal Fatigue of a Boiler Tube
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Autogenously Welded TubeAp - BoilerCd - Thermal Fatigue
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Thermal Fatigue Cracks
Micrographic details of the longitudinal section of the tube, close to ID, showing paralel cracks, filled with oxides, perpendicular to the surface.
103
VIEW
ML00104 / Dec.2017
Thermal Fatigue of a Boiler Tube
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Autogenously Welded TubeAp - BoilerCd - Thermal Fatigue
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Cracks Transverse to the Surface
Micrographic details of the longitudinal section of the tube, close to ID, showing paralel cracks, filled with oxides, perpendicular to the surface.
99
VIEW
ML00104 / Dec.2017
Thermal Fatigue of a Boiler Tube
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Autogenously Welded TubeAp - BoilerCd - Thermal Fatigue
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Thermal Fatigue Cracks

+10 more from this case →

ML00103 — Brittle Fracture of a Free-Cutting ConnectorM - Low Carbon SteelP - Machined PartAp - ShipCd - Brittle Fracture
Micrographic detail of the longitudinal section of the fitiing, in a free-cutting steel. The microstructure is predominantly ferritic, with small perlitic areas and some free cementite at ferritic grain boundaries. There is a large amount of sulfide inclusions, aligned perpendicular to the forming direction.
107
VIEW
ML00103 / Nov.2017
Brittle Fracture of a Free-Cutting Connector
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Machined PartAp - ShipCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Non Metallic Inclusions
Micrography of the transerse section of the fitiing, in a free-cutting steel. The microstructure is predominantly ferritic and the inclusions appear as dots.
97
VIEW
ML00103 / Nov.2017
Brittle Fracture of a Free-Cutting Connector
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Machined PartAp - ShipCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Transverse Section
Micrographic detail of the transverse section of the fitiing, in a free-cutting steel. The microstructure is predominantly ferritic, some perlitic areas and free cementite at ferritic grain boundaries. There is a large amount of inclusions, that appear as spots.
82
VIEW
ML00103 / Nov.2017
Brittle Fracture of a Free-Cutting Connector
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Machined PartAp - ShipCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Predominantly Ferritic
The longitudinal section of the fitting at the thread shows plastic deformation of the fillets, and a crack at the bottom of the thread.
56
VIEW
ML00103 / Nov.2017
Brittle Fracture of a Free-Cutting Connector
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Machined PartAp - ShipCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Crack
Micrographic detail of the longitudinal section of the fitting at the thread, showing a crack at the bottom of the thread.
53
VIEW
ML00103 / Nov.2017
Brittle Fracture of a Free-Cutting Connector
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Machined PartAp - ShipCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Crack

+4 more from this case →

ML00101 — High Strength 316SS BoltM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Micrography of the longitudinal section of the bolt, in the center of the body thickness. Strain hardened austenic structure.
52
VIEW
ML00101 / Nov.2017
High Strength 316SS Bolt
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Strain Hardened
Micrography of the longitudinal section of the bolt, in the center of the body thickness. Strain hardened austenic structure.
46
VIEW
ML00101 / Nov.2017
High Strength 316SS Bolt
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Strain Hardened
Micrography of the longitudinal section of the bolt, at the thread. The bolt was cold deformed and the thread was cold rolled.
32
VIEW
ML00101 / Nov.2017
High Strength 316SS Bolt
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Strain Hardened
Micrography of the longitudinal section of the bolt, at the thread. The bolt was cold deformed and the thread was cold rolled.
31
VIEW
ML00101 / Nov.2017
High Strength 316SS Bolt
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Strain Hardened
Micrographic detail of the strain hardened austenitic structure at the thread.
25
VIEW
ML00101 / Nov.2017
High Strength 316SS Bolt
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite
ML00087 — High Strength Austenitic SS BoltM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Micrography of the longitudinal section of the bolt, in the center of the body thickness. Strain hardened austenic structure.
73
VIEW
ML00087 / Nov.2017
High Strength Austenitic SS Bolt
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Strain Hardened
Micrography of the longitudinal section of the bolt, in the center of the body thickness. Strain hardened austenic structure.
62
VIEW
ML00087 / Nov.2017
High Strength Austenitic SS Bolt
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Strain Hardened
Micrography of the longitudinal section of the bolt, at the thread. The bolt was cold deformed and the thread was cold rolled.
65
VIEW
ML00087 / Nov.2017
High Strength Austenitic SS Bolt
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Strain Hardened
Micrography of the longitudinal section of the bolt, at the thread. The bolt was cold deformed and the thread was cold rolled.
65
VIEW
ML00087 / Nov.2017
High Strength Austenitic SS Bolt
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Strain Hardened
Micrographic detail of the strain hardened austenitic structure at the thread.
59
VIEW
ML00087 / Nov.2017
High Strength Austenitic SS Bolt
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite
ML00086 — Intergranular Corrosion of Sensitized 304SSM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - Heat ExchangerCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Micrography of the 1.65 mm thickness tube, in the middle of the thickness of the longitudinal section. This part of the tube is located in position 2, where the temperature was higher and the carbide precipitation increased during service.
272
VIEW
ML00086 / Nov.2017
Intergranular Corrosion of Sensitized 304SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - Heat ExchangerCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Intergranular Precipitation
Micrography of the 1.65 mm thickness tube, in the middle of the thickness of the longitudinal section. This part of the tube is located in position 3, where intergranular and transgranular carbide precipitation occurred during service.
234
VIEW
ML00086 / Nov.2017
Intergranular Corrosion of Sensitized 304SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - Heat ExchangerCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Intragranular Secondary Precipitation
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the tube in position 2, presenting thinning by intergranular corrosion at the internal surface.
193
VIEW
ML00086 / Nov.2017
Intergranular Corrosion of Sensitized 304SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - Heat ExchangerCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Intergranular Corrosion
Micrographic detail of the intergranular corrosion at the internal surface of the tube in position 2. Several grains were already removed by the corrosion.
171
VIEW
ML00086 / Nov.2017
Intergranular Corrosion of Sensitized 304SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - Heat ExchangerCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Intergranular Corrosion
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the tube in position 3, at the internal surface. Although there is a strong precipitation, both intergranular and transgranular, the tube did not corrode at this point.
144
VIEW
ML00086 / Nov.2017
Intergranular Corrosion of Sensitized 304SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - Heat ExchangerCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Intragranular Secondary Precipitation

+1 more from this case →

ML00084 — Walrus Tool SteelM - High Carbon Tool SteelP - ForgingAp - Mechanical IndustryCd - Removed From Service
Micrographic detail of the tool steel, in the longitudinal section of the part. The material presented a uniform structure, tempered martensite, with small secondary carbides. The hardness in the section is 59 HRc.
73
VIEW
ML00084 / Mar.2020
Walrus Tool Steel
M - High Carbon Tool SteelP - ForgingAp - Mechanical IndustryCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
ML00099 — Forging Defect in a Cadmium Plated NutM - Medium Carbon SteelP - NutAp - PipingCd - Fabrication Defect
Micrography of the nut in a section transverse to the surface indication. There are several microcracks (parallel and perpendicular to the nut surface) filled with oxides. The nut presented a martensitic microstructure in the center of the thickness and a ferritic-bainitic microstructure at surface and adjacent to the defect, due to decarburization occurred during high temperature forging.
130
VIEW
ML00099 / Jan.2018
Forging Defect in a Cadmium Plated Nut
M - Medium Carbon SteelP - NutAp - PipingCd - Fabrication Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Crack
Micrographic detail of the lap at the nut surface, as polished. The 20 microns cadmium layer is evident, penetrating in the lap.
46
VIEW
ML00099 / Jan.2018
Forging Defect in a Cadmium Plated Nut
M - Medium Carbon SteelP - NutAp - PipingCd - Fabrication Defect
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Lap
Tempered martensitic microstructure in the transverse section of the nut, in the center. The material presented 29 HRc that is typical of a quenched and tempered steel.
30
VIEW
ML00099 / Jan.2018
Forging Defect in a Cadmium Plated Nut
M - Medium Carbon SteelP - NutAp - PipingCd - Fabrication Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
Ferritic-bainitic microstructure in the transverse section of the nut, at the surface where the cadmium plate is also evident. The nut surface presents a decarburized layer and the lap entrapped oxides.
30
VIEW
ML00099 / Jan.2018
Forging Defect in a Cadmium Plated Nut
M - Medium Carbon SteelP - NutAp - PipingCd - Fabrication Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Bainitic Ferrite