Shaft

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Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

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General view of the nodular cast iron crankshaft, 240 mm long, in process of heat treatment. The main and rod bearings, 54 mm diameter, are heat treated by localized quenching and tempering.
1018
VIEW
ML00154 / Jan.2019
High Strength Cast Iron Crankshaft
M - Nodular Cast IronP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Surface treatment
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
The shaft was removed from service without a failure. It was 4' long and the diameters varied from 2 1/2" to 4 1/2". It was analyzed to be specified for purchasing a new one but properties evidenced bad ductility and brittle behavior even at ambient temperature, associated to a microestruture "as hot rolled".
1238
VIEW
ML00152 / Dec.2018
Low Alloy Steel Pump Shaft
M - High Strength Low AlloyP - ShaftAp - Oil and GasCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Shaft pinion presenting the bearing surface, with machining markes, from where the thermal spray layer was detached. The diameter of the 880 mm long shaft in this region is about 75 mm.
426
VIEW
ML00108 / Dec.2017
Thermal Spray Layer in a Pinion Shaft
M - High Strength Low AlloyP - ShaftAp - EngineCd - Coating Defect
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
The shaft presented a light wear at the end of the life. See the schematic drawing in the next figure
597
VIEW
ML00064 / Apr.2017
SAE 1045 Steel Shaft
M - Medium Carbon SteelP - ShaftAp - Mechanical IndustryCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - At the Surface
The camshaft broke in a brittle way in a region where the shaft changed the geometry, close to a chilled lobe.
550
VIEW
ML00060 / Apr.2017
Brittle Fracture of a Chilled Cast Iron Camshaft
M - Chilled Cast IronP - ShaftAp - AutomotiveCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Fracture
Macroscopic aspect of the 1" shaft fracture surface, revealing beach marks at the surface typical of fatigue, initiated from the surface of the spline shaft at the gear position.
498
VIEW
ML00041 / Jun.2017
Fatigue Fracture of Inconel 718 Spline Shaft
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - ShaftAp - Oil and GasCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Fatigue Fracture

More from these cases

ML00154 — High Strength Cast Iron CrankshaftM - Nodular Cast IronP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Surface treatment
Micrography of a crankshaft longitudinal section at the shaft edge, in the as polished condition, presenting nodular graphite, well distruibuted.
139
VIEW
ML00154 / Jan.2019
High Strength Cast Iron Crankshaft
M - Nodular Cast IronP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Surface treatment
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - At the Surface
As polished micrography of the crankshaft at the shaft edge, close to the surface. Graphite in nodules.
126
VIEW
ML00154 / Jan.2019
High Strength Cast Iron Crankshaft
M - Nodular Cast IronP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Surface treatment
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Graphite in Nodules
As polished micrographic detail of the graphite in nodules, close to the surface of the shaft edge, in a longitudinal section.
114
VIEW
ML00154 / Jan.2019
High Strength Cast Iron Crankshaft
M - Nodular Cast IronP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Surface treatment
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Graphite in Nodules
Macrography of a longitudinal section of the crankshaft showing the rod bearing in the center (the rod is 54mm diameter), as well as two main bearings in both lateral sides. It is possible to see that the surface was heat treated and the hardened layer is about 3mm deep from the surface.
100
VIEW
ML00154 / Jan.2019
High Strength Cast Iron Crankshaft
M - Nodular Cast IronP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Surface treatment
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Longitudinal Section
Macrographic detail of the hardened layer, about 3mm deep from the surface. Important to observe that the bearing is not heat treated in the radius, only in the contact area. The hardness at the surface is 430HV and the hardness in the base metal is 260HV.
100
VIEW
ML00154 / Jan.2019
High Strength Cast Iron Crankshaft
M - Nodular Cast IronP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Surface treatment
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Surface Layer

+22 more from this case →

ML00152 — Low Alloy Steel Pump ShaftM - High Strength Low AlloyP - ShaftAp - Oil and GasCd - Removed From Service
The longitudinal section of the shaft shows a coarse structure. Only very close to the surface the structure is slightly refined.
99
VIEW
ML00152 / Dec.2018
Low Alloy Steel Pump Shaft
M - High Strength Low AlloyP - ShaftAp - Oil and GasCd - Removed From Service
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Longitudinal Section
The longitudinal section of the shaft, in the center of the thickness, shows a coarse structure, and a ferritic/bainitic structure with pearlite islands.
97
VIEW
ML00152 / Dec.2018
Low Alloy Steel Pump Shaft
M - High Strength Low AlloyP - ShaftAp - Oil and GasCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Longitudinal Section
The coarse structure in the center of the shaft thickness is evidenced by free ferrite islands at the previous austenite grains. The presence of a pearlitic structure evidences the slow cool of the material.
85
VIEW
ML00152 / Dec.2018
Low Alloy Steel Pump Shaft
M - High Strength Low AlloyP - ShaftAp - Oil and GasCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Coarse Structure
Micrographic detail of the pearlitic structure in the center of the shaft thickness.
82
VIEW
ML00152 / Dec.2018
Low Alloy Steel Pump Shaft
M - High Strength Low AlloyP - ShaftAp - Oil and GasCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by SEMDf - Pearlite
The longitudinal section of the shaft, at the surface, also shows a coarse structure, and a ferritic/bainitic structure with pearlite islands. There is only a small refining in the previous austenite grain boundaries, indicating that the material was not heat treated.
75
VIEW
ML00152 / Dec.2018
Low Alloy Steel Pump Shaft
M - High Strength Low AlloyP - ShaftAp - Oil and GasCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Longitudinal Section

+2 more from this case →

ML00108 — Thermal Spray Layer in a Pinion ShaftM - High Strength Low AlloyP - ShaftAp - EngineCd - Coating Defect
Detail of the detached layer, about 1.5 mm thick.
48
VIEW
ML00108 / Dec.2017
Thermal Spray Layer in a Pinion Shaft
M - High Strength Low AlloyP - ShaftAp - EngineCd - Coating Defect
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Layer Detachment
Macrographic detail of the thermal spray layer in a position of the shaft where it was not detached. Longitudinal section of the shaft. The waves are the machining marks created to anchor the thermal spray layer, that is about 1.5mm thick.
41
VIEW
ML00108 / Dec.2017
Thermal Spray Layer in a Pinion Shaft
M - High Strength Low AlloyP - ShaftAp - EngineCd - Coating Defect
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Longitudinal Section
Micrography of the thermal spray (TS) layer showing the different alloys, gray oxides and black voids. The Ni base TS alloy is of a yellow colour at the interface with the shaft substrate (in the left). The Cr base TS alloy appears white, similar to the shaft substrate. Longitudinal section of the shaft.
42
VIEW
ML00108 / Dec.2017
Thermal Spray Layer in a Pinion Shaft
M - High Strength Low AlloyP - ShaftAp - EngineCd - Coating Defect
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Coating Layer
Micrographic detail, as polished in a longitudinal section, of the interface between the shaft substrate and the thermal spray layer. In the left it is the shaft substrate also presenting parts of aligned inclusions (gray). In the center it is the Ni base TS alloy and in the right it is the Cr base TS alloy. There are also black voids and grey oxides.
33
VIEW
ML00108 / Dec.2017
Thermal Spray Layer in a Pinion Shaft
M - High Strength Low AlloyP - ShaftAp - EngineCd - Coating Defect
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Coating Layer
Micrography of the interface between the shaft surface and the thermal spray layer. The shaft steel presents a quenched and tempered structure. Longitudinal section.
32
VIEW
ML00108 / Dec.2017
Thermal Spray Layer in a Pinion Shaft
M - High Strength Low AlloyP - ShaftAp - EngineCd - Coating Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Coating Layer

+7 more from this case →

ML00064 — SAE 1045 Steel ShaftM - Medium Carbon SteelP - ShaftAp - Mechanical IndustryCd - Removed From Service
Schematic drawing presenting the Shaft
168
VIEW
ML00064 / Apr.2017
SAE 1045 Steel Shaft
M - Medium Carbon SteelP - ShaftAp - Mechanical IndustryCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Identification drawingDf - At the Surface
Micrography of the longitudinal section of the shaft, in the center of the thickness, presenting a ferritic-perlitic structure typical of a hot forming process.
149
VIEW
ML00064 / Apr.2017
SAE 1045 Steel Shaft
M - Medium Carbon SteelP - ShaftAp - Mechanical IndustryCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - In the Center of the Thickness
Micrographic detail of the ferritic-perlitic structure, typical of a hot forming process, in the center of the thickness.
139
VIEW
ML00064 / Apr.2017
SAE 1045 Steel Shaft
M - Medium Carbon SteelP - ShaftAp - Mechanical IndustryCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - In the Center of the Thickness
Micrographic detail of the ferritic-perlitic structure, typical of a hot forming process, in the center of the thickness.
115
VIEW
ML00064 / Apr.2017
SAE 1045 Steel Shaft
M - Medium Carbon SteelP - ShaftAp - Mechanical IndustryCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - In the Center of the Thickness
Micrography of the longitudinal section of the shaft, at the damaged surface (with a light wear). In low magnification the ferritic perlitic texture reveals the forging lines.
101
VIEW
ML00064 / Apr.2017
SAE 1045 Steel Shaft
M - Medium Carbon SteelP - ShaftAp - Mechanical IndustryCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - At the Surface

+1 more from this case →

ML00060 — Brittle Fracture of a Chilled Cast Iron CamshaftM - Chilled Cast IronP - ShaftAp - AutomotiveCd - Brittle Fracture
The macrography of a longitudinal section of the camshaft (tubular) in a position where there are two chilled lobes, presenting a strong microstructural change through thickness, from the hard chilled surface (500HV10) to the soft region in the middle of the thickness (187HV10).
96
VIEW
ML00060 / Apr.2017
Brittle Fracture of a Chilled Cast Iron Camshaft
M - Chilled Cast IronP - ShaftAp - AutomotiveCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Longitudinal Section
Close to the camshaft lobe surface, the chilled casting presents a white cast iron structure. Primary carbides and ledeburite with a hardness level about 50 HRc.
102
VIEW
ML00060 / Apr.2017
Brittle Fracture of a Chilled Cast Iron Camshaft
M - Chilled Cast IronP - ShaftAp - AutomotiveCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Close to the External Surface
Micrographic detail of the chilled structure. Primary carbides, ledeburite and perlite islands.
79
VIEW
ML00060 / Apr.2017
Brittle Fracture of a Chilled Cast Iron Camshaft
M - Chilled Cast IronP - ShaftAp - AutomotiveCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Close to the External Surface
In the center of the shaft thickness the structure is perlitic with graphite in flakes, but there are also islands of ledeburite.
62
VIEW
ML00060 / Apr.2017
Brittle Fracture of a Chilled Cast Iron Camshaft
M - Chilled Cast IronP - ShaftAp - AutomotiveCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - In the Center of the Thickness
Micrographic detail of the structure in the center of the shaft thickness. Perlitic matrix with graphite in flakes, and ledeburite islands.
53
VIEW
ML00060 / Apr.2017
Brittle Fracture of a Chilled Cast Iron Camshaft
M - Chilled Cast IronP - ShaftAp - AutomotiveCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - In the Center of the Thickness

+5 more from this case →

ML00041 — Fatigue Fracture of Inconel 718 Spline ShaftM - NiCrFe AlloyP - ShaftAp - Oil and GasCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
xx
117
VIEW
ML00041 / Jun.2017
Fatigue Fracture of Inconel 718 Spline Shaft
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - ShaftAp - Oil and GasCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - At the Surface
Macroscopic aspect of the 1" shaft fracture surface, revealing beach marks at the surface typical of fatigue, initiated from the surface of the spline shaft at the gear position.
121
VIEW
ML00041 / Jun.2017
Fatigue Fracture of Inconel 718 Spline Shaft
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - ShaftAp - Oil and GasCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Fatigue Fracture
SEM fractograph at 1200x magnification showing an intergranular fracture surface with angular, faceted grains and fine feather-like markings.
86
VIEW
ML00041 / Jun.2017
Fatigue Fracture of Inconel 718 Spline Shaft
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - ShaftAp - Oil and GasCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - Fractography by SEMDf - Fatigue Fracture
Microscopic detail of the transgranular striation in the fracture surface.
78
VIEW
ML00041 / Jun.2017
Fatigue Fracture of Inconel 718 Spline Shaft
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - ShaftAp - Oil and GasCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - Fractography by SEMDf - Fatigue Fracture
The micrography of a transverse section of the shaft shows the granular austenitic structure close to the surface of the shaft.
67
VIEW
ML00041 / Jun.2017
Fatigue Fracture of Inconel 718 Spline Shaft
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - ShaftAp - Oil and GasCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - At the Surface

+7 more from this case →