High Alloy Steel

38 cases · 85 images

Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

Capture method: Naked Eye or Stereoscope clear all

High Alloy Steel — sub-branches

Austenitic / Martensitic 1Austenitic Stainless Steel 19Duplex Stainless Steel 1Ferritic Stainless Steel 2Heat Resistant Steel 4High Mn Austenitic Steel 1Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 1Martensitic Stainless Steel 10Nickel Alloy Steel 1Precipitation Hardened Stainless Steel 4Super Duplex Stainless Steel 7Wear Resistant Steel 1

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This macrography shows a longitudinal section of the tubular cast fitting. The external side is to the top and the internal side to the bottom. The buttering layer is evident in the groove that would be welded to the centrifugall cast tube (right side) and part of the ID and OD. During the buttering welding of the casting the cracks were not detected because they were formed in the center of the thickness and some have propagated to the internal diameter, but not to the external diameter. They opened only when the buttered casting was welded to the tube.
20
VIEW
ML00173 / May.2021
Welding Cracks in an Aged HP Cast Fitting
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Cast FtittingAp - PetrochemicalCd - Welding
Cm - Kalling Etched MacroDf - Longitudinal Section
Macrographic detail of the longitudinal section of the stub end, showing the external side to the top and the internal side to the bottom. There are multiple cracks starting from the external side.
54
VIEW
ML00168 / Aug.2020
SCC of Austenitic SS Flange Stub End
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Stub EndAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Longitudinal Section AspectDf - Multiple cracks
Macrography of a longitudinal section of the valve body, presenting the granular structure. The main bore diameter is 2". The casting was tested in two positions. In radial direction in the center of the body (3" solid), and in the longitudinal direction in the wall (1" thick).
78
VIEW
ML00164 / Jun.2020
Austenitic SS Casting for Valve Body
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CastingAp - ValveCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Macro Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchedDf - Longitudinal Section
Transverse section macrography of the plate where the degradation by thinning is worst, close to the original corners of the tube. The thinning is occurrring from the product reaction side (side A to the bottom of the figure). The macrography shows a reduction in the thickness from 2 mm (right side, sample 2) to almost zero (left side, sample 1).
86
VIEW
ML00160 / Apr.2020
High Temperature Degradation of 310SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Rectangular TubeAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Scaling
Cm - Transverse Section AspectDf - Thinning
Low magnification microscope image showing the aspect of the thread close to the fracture surface. Looks like a wear or strong corrosion, but in fact the threads were removed because they were cracked, as can be seen in the next figures.
67
VIEW
ML00157 / Feb.2020
Bolts Under Chloride SCC Conditions
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Surface AspectDf - Low Mag
The metallic part of the fork handle is about 9mm wide. It was cut in a transverse section and the profile is shown in this figure. The thickness is 1mm and the curvature depth is about 3mm.
85
VIEW
ML00151 / Dec.2018
Ferritic Stainless Steel of a Flatware Fork
M - Ferritic Stainless SteelP - Foodstuff ArticleAp - KitchenCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Transverse Section AspectDf - Formed Profile
Macrography of the section transverse to the ND 14" main pipe (that is only 5mm thick) and to the ND 2" branch that is a weldolet fitting welded to the main pipe and flange. This image is interesting because it shows clearly how thin is the pipe compared with the fitting thickness and the large amount of welding required to assure a full penetration weld in the weldolet.
220
VIEW
ML00150 / Dec.2018
Vibration Induced Fatigue in a SS Oil Piping
M - Duplex Stainless SteelP - PipingAp - FPSOCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MacroDf - Transverse Section
The fracture is flat, in the region of the lower resistant section, presenting no macroscopic evidences of plastic deformation. The starting point of the fracture is indicated by the chevron marks.
62
VIEW
ML00148 / Sep.2018
Brittle Fracture of a 420 SS Barrel Nut
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Barrel NutAp - LiftingCd - Heat Treatment Defect
Cm - Fracture Surface AspectDf - Chevron Marks

More from these cases

ML00173 — Welding Cracks in an Aged HP Cast FittingM - Heat Resistant SteelP - Cast FtittingAp - PetrochemicalCd - Welding
Macrographic detail close to the internal diameter (ID in the bottom), where the cracks were detected by dye check (after removal of the damaged part of the cast fitting). Close to the surface it is possible to see the layers of the weld metal that corresponds to the cast fitting buttering.
21
VIEW
ML00173 / May.2021
Welding Cracks in an Aged HP Cast Fitting
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Cast FtittingAp - PetrochemicalCd - Welding
Cm - Kalling Etched MacroDf - Cracks
Welding Cracks in an Aged HP Cast Fitting
2
VIEW
ML00173 / May.2021
Welding Cracks in an Aged HP Cast Fitting
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Cast FtittingAp - PetrochemicalCd - Welding
Cm - Kalling Etched MacroDf - Cracks
Welding Cracks in an Aged HP Cast Fitting
1
VIEW
ML00173 / May.2021
Welding Cracks in an Aged HP Cast Fitting
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Cast FtittingAp - PetrochemicalCd - Welding
Cm - Kalling Etched MacroDf - Microhardness identations
ML00168 — SCC of Austenitic SS Flange Stub EndM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Stub EndAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Stress Corrosion
Macrography of the longitudinal section of the stub end, showing the external side to the top and the internal side to the bottom. The stub end was manufactured by welding, longitudinal seam (not evidenced in this image) and circunferential weld of tube to disc (partial penetration). The cracks starts from the external side of the stub end.
31
VIEW
ML00168 / Aug.2020
SCC of Austenitic SS Flange Stub End
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Stub EndAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Macro Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchedDf - Longitudinal Section
SCC of Austenitic SS Flange Stub End
1
VIEW
ML00168 / Aug.2020
SCC of Austenitic SS Flange Stub End
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Stub EndAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Transverse Section AspectDf - Cracks
ML00160 — High Temperature Degradation of 310SSM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Rectangular TubeAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Scaling
Longitudinal section macrography of the plate where the degradation by thinning is reducing the thickness from 6mm to 4mm (sample 3). The thinning is occurrring from the product reaction side (side A to the bottom of the figure).
83
VIEW
ML00160 / Apr.2020
High Temperature Degradation of 310SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Rectangular TubeAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Scaling
Cm - Longitudinal Section AspectDf - Thinning
ML00157 — Bolts Under Chloride SCC ConditionsM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Macrography of the longitudinal section of a fractured bolt, still threaded to the nut and with the lock washer. The cracks can be seen in several positions: in the threads (removing then); in the center of the bolt (branched) and also in the washer (longitudinal branched cracks).
65
VIEW
ML00157 / Feb.2020
Bolts Under Chloride SCC Conditions
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Macro Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchedDf - Longitudinal Section
ML00151 — Ferritic Stainless Steel of a Flatware ForkM - Ferritic Stainless SteelP - Foodstuff ArticleAp - KitchenCd - Typical manufacturing
The fork scoop is about 53 wide and there is a transition to the handle that is 9mm wide. Exactly at that transition the fork was cut in a longitudinal section and the profile is shown in this figure. The thickness is 1mm and the curvatures of the scoop and handle are in different directions, 3mm depth concave in the handle and 10 mm depth convex in the scoop.
54
VIEW
ML00151 / Dec.2018
Ferritic Stainless Steel of a Flatware Fork
M - Ferritic Stainless SteelP - Foodstuff ArticleAp - KitchenCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Longitudinal Section AspectDf - Formed Profile
Aspect of the cut surface of the fork tooth in the scoop. The thickness is 1 mm and the fabrication finishing of the surface is polished. The tooth in the center was cut for analysis in the longitudinal section.
33
VIEW
ML00151 / Dec.2018
Ferritic Stainless Steel of a Flatware Fork
M - Ferritic Stainless SteelP - Foodstuff ArticleAp - KitchenCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Surface AspectDf - Cut Surface
ML00150 — Vibration Induced Fatigue in a SS Oil PipingM - Duplex Stainless SteelP - PipingAp - FPSOCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Transverse section of the 14" pipe in the center of the 2" branch using a weldolet fitting welded to the main pipe. The internal side of the pipe is to the top of the figure and the through wall fatigue cracking is located at the margem of the weld. It is possible to see that it is a full penetration weld and the fitting thickness is several times larger than the pipe thickness.
174
VIEW
ML00150 / Dec.2018
Vibration Induced Fatigue in a SS Oil Piping
M - Duplex Stainless SteelP - PipingAp - FPSOCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - Electrolytically Etched MacroDf - Crack
Detail of the fatigue cracking, staring from the margin of the weld. The crack propagated though wall of the pipe (5 mm). The larger thickness of the weldolet requires a large amount of deposited weld metal, about 20 mm that is 4 times the pipe thickness. It is an interesting aspect to be considered by designers.
176
VIEW
ML00150 / Dec.2018
Vibration Induced Fatigue in a SS Oil Piping
M - Duplex Stainless SteelP - PipingAp - FPSOCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - Electrolytically Etched MacroDf - Fatigue Crack
After cutting the pipe and opening the crack, the fracture appearance shows a clean fracture, flat, starting from the margem of the weld of the pipe (right side of the figure), and propagating through wall into the pipe (aproximately 5 mm thickness). The external side of the pipe is to the right side of the figure (presenting the weld finishing) and the internal side of the pipe is to the left side of the figure.
176
VIEW
ML00150 / Dec.2018
Vibration Induced Fatigue in a SS Oil Piping
M - Duplex Stainless SteelP - PipingAp - FPSOCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - Fracture Surface AspectDf - Fracture
Macrographic detail of the pipe to weldolet weld, and the through wall cracking in the pipe from the margin of the weld. The pipe thickness is only 5 mm (SCH 10S) but the large thickness of the fitting required several weld passes to create a full penetration weld.
84
VIEW
ML00150 / Dec.2018
Vibration Induced Fatigue in a SS Oil Piping
M - Duplex Stainless SteelP - PipingAp - FPSOCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MacroDf - Welded Joint
Macrography of a transverse section of the welded joint, at the fatigue crack position in the pipe. It is very interesting to observe that the crack propagated from the margin of the weld, independently of the defects in the weld (porosity and lack of fusion), and without relationship with the unbalanced structure at the cap (with a large amount of ferrite). These characteristics are detailed in the next figures.
89
VIEW
ML00150 / Dec.2018
Vibration Induced Fatigue in a SS Oil Piping
M - Duplex Stainless SteelP - PipingAp - FPSOCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MacroDf - Welded Joint
ML00148 — Brittle Fracture of a 420 SS Barrel NutM - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Barrel NutAp - LiftingCd - Heat Treatment Defect
Macroscopically brittle fracture of the barrel nut, starting at the edge of the thread, as shown by the chevron marks.
29
VIEW
ML00148 / Sep.2018
Brittle Fracture of a 420 SS Barrel Nut
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Barrel NutAp - LiftingCd - Heat Treatment Defect
Cm - Fracture Surface AspectDf - Chevron Marks