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Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

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As received aspect of the sacrificial casting, 2" internal diameter. The casting was solution annealed heat treated.
488
VIEW
ML00164 / Jun.2020
Austenitic SS Casting for Valve Body
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CastingAp - ValveCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
General view of the nodular cast iron crankshaft, 240 mm long, in process of heat treatment. The main and rod bearings, 54 mm diameter, are heat treated by localized quenching and tempering.
1018
VIEW
ML00154 / Jan.2019
High Strength Cast Iron Crankshaft
M - Nodular Cast IronP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Surface treatment
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Decorative table service fork, with a non metallic handle that is broken. The metallic part is about 165 mm long and presents two shapes: the scoop and the handle. The scoop is 53mm wide and 73mm long and the handle is about 9 mm wide and 75 mm long.
731
VIEW
ML00151 / Dec.2018
Ferritic Stainless Steel of a Flatware Fork
M - Ferritic Stainless SteelP - Foodstuff ArticleAp - KitchenCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Image by scanning electron microscopy of the metallurgically bonded interface of the internally cladded pipe. It is a longitudinal seam welded pipe, with substrate in low alloy steel X65 and clad plate in Alloy 625 (welded by a solid state process). The region is a detail in the side of the Ni alloy clad plate where a grain refinement has occurred probably due to recrystallization of a strain hardened region during later heat treatment. The microhardness of this region is a lot higher than the value obtained out of this region, in the clad plate.
904
VIEW
ML00133 / May.2018
Seam Welded Pipe Cladded with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Clad Interface
Image by scanning electron microscopy of the metallurgically bonded interface of the internally cladded pipe. It is a seamless pipe in a low alloy steel X70 cladded by welding overlay of Alloy 625 (by automatic GTAW process). The region is a detail of the interface inside the Ni alloy weld metal, presenting columnar grains and intragranular preciptation. The pipe was heat treated before bending (solution annealing) and after bending (quenching and tempering to meet X70 grade). The microhardness of this region is higher than the value obtained out of this region, in the overlay.
656
VIEW
ML00132 / May.2018
Seamless Pipe Overlaid with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Electrolytic Etch Micrography by SEMDf - Clad Interface
Wire rope, nominal diamater 2". The wire includes an independent core (IWRC) with 7 wires of 2.0 mm and 6 strands with 26 wires (1+5+[5+5]+10). The external strand layer presents a 3.8mm wire, and there are two internal strand layers with different wire sizes. The wire rope presents plastic reinforcement. It is a right regular lay AACI made by extra improved plow steel (EIPS) wires.
876
VIEW
ML00117 / Jan.2018
High Carbon Steel Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Transverse Section AspectDf - General View
Micrographic detail of a longitudinal section of a 4 mm diameter wire, presenting an aligned and highly strained pearlitic structure. Base metal.
386
VIEW
ML00113 / Jan.2018
Autogenous Weld of a Carbon Steel Wire
M - Medium Carbon SteelP - WireAp - OffshoreCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Strain hardened pearlite
Micrography, as polished, of the transverse section of the forged pin with the layer applied by a (thermal) spray and fuse process. The structure of the layer that is 0.7 mm thick, presented entrapped pores and globular oxides. The layer was melted after application by thermal spray (in this case using a flame) and the pin was quenched and tempered after the full application and melting of the layer.
360
VIEW
ML00109 / Jan.2018
Thermal Spray and Fuse Layer in Forged Pin
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Thermal spray
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Transverse Section

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ML00164 — Austenitic SS Casting for Valve BodyM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CastingAp - ValveCd - Typical manufacturing
Macrography of a longitudinal section of the valve body, presenting the granular structure. The main bore diameter is 2". The casting was tested in two positions. In radial direction in the center of the body (3" solid), and in the longitudinal direction in the wall (1" thick).
78
VIEW
ML00164 / Jun.2020
Austenitic SS Casting for Valve Body
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CastingAp - ValveCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Macro Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchedDf - Longitudinal Section
Micrography of a longitudinal section, in the center of the valve body, solid 3" thickness. The structure is austenitic with delta ferrite in interdendritic spaces.
67
VIEW
ML00164 / Jun.2020
Austenitic SS Casting for Valve Body
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CastingAp - ValveCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Austenite
Micrography of a longitudinal section, in the center of the valve body. The structure is austenitic with delta ferrite in interdendritic spaces. The austenite presents a cored matrix in the dendrites, indicating the chemical composition was not homogeneized during the heat treatment.
60
VIEW
ML00164 / Jun.2020
Austenitic SS Casting for Valve Body
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CastingAp - ValveCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Delta ferrite
Micrographic detail of the cored austenitic structure with delta ferrite in interdendritic spaces. The chemical composition was not homogeneized during the heat treatment.
55
VIEW
ML00164 / Jun.2020
Austenitic SS Casting for Valve Body
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CastingAp - ValveCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Delta ferrite
Micrography of a longitudinal section, in the 1" thickness valve wall. The structure is austenitic with delta ferrite in interdendritic spaces.
48
VIEW
ML00164 / Jun.2020
Austenitic SS Casting for Valve Body
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CastingAp - ValveCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Austenite

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ML00154 — High Strength Cast Iron CrankshaftM - Nodular Cast IronP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Surface treatment
Micrography of a crankshaft longitudinal section at the shaft edge, in the as polished condition, presenting nodular graphite, well distruibuted.
139
VIEW
ML00154 / Jan.2019
High Strength Cast Iron Crankshaft
M - Nodular Cast IronP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Surface treatment
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - At the Surface
As polished micrography of the crankshaft at the shaft edge, close to the surface. Graphite in nodules.
126
VIEW
ML00154 / Jan.2019
High Strength Cast Iron Crankshaft
M - Nodular Cast IronP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Surface treatment
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Graphite in Nodules
As polished micrographic detail of the graphite in nodules, close to the surface of the shaft edge, in a longitudinal section.
114
VIEW
ML00154 / Jan.2019
High Strength Cast Iron Crankshaft
M - Nodular Cast IronP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Surface treatment
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Graphite in Nodules
Macrography of a longitudinal section of the crankshaft showing the rod bearing in the center (the rod is 54mm diameter), as well as two main bearings in both lateral sides. It is possible to see that the surface was heat treated and the hardened layer is about 3mm deep from the surface.
100
VIEW
ML00154 / Jan.2019
High Strength Cast Iron Crankshaft
M - Nodular Cast IronP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Surface treatment
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Longitudinal Section
Macrographic detail of the hardened layer, about 3mm deep from the surface. Important to observe that the bearing is not heat treated in the radius, only in the contact area. The hardness at the surface is 430HV and the hardness in the base metal is 260HV.
100
VIEW
ML00154 / Jan.2019
High Strength Cast Iron Crankshaft
M - Nodular Cast IronP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Surface treatment
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Surface Layer

+22 more from this case →

ML00151 — Ferritic Stainless Steel of a Flatware ForkM - Ferritic Stainless SteelP - Foodstuff ArticleAp - KitchenCd - Typical manufacturing
The metallic part of the fork handle is about 9mm wide. It was cut in a transverse section and the profile is shown in this figure. The thickness is 1mm and the curvature depth is about 3mm.
85
VIEW
ML00151 / Dec.2018
Ferritic Stainless Steel of a Flatware Fork
M - Ferritic Stainless SteelP - Foodstuff ArticleAp - KitchenCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Transverse Section AspectDf - Formed Profile
Micrography of the fork handle in the transverse section, curved, presenting differences between grain size and morphology. In the middle section there are elongated grains and close to the surfaces there are smaller and more equiaxed grains.
81
VIEW
ML00151 / Dec.2018
Ferritic Stainless Steel of a Flatware Fork
M - Ferritic Stainless SteelP - Foodstuff ArticleAp - KitchenCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Micro by OM, HCl + Ethanol + Picric AcidDf - Transverse Section
Micrography of the fork handle in the center of the transverse section, curved, presenting larger ferritic grains with elongated morphology.
70
VIEW
ML00151 / Dec.2018
Ferritic Stainless Steel of a Flatware Fork
M - Ferritic Stainless SteelP - Foodstuff ArticleAp - KitchenCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Micro by OM, HCl + Ethanol + Picric AcidDf - Granular structure
Micrographic detail of the ferritic grains with elongated morphology in the center of the transverse section, curved.
58
VIEW
ML00151 / Dec.2018
Ferritic Stainless Steel of a Flatware Fork
M - Ferritic Stainless SteelP - Foodstuff ArticleAp - KitchenCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Micro by OM, HCl + Ethanol + Picric AcidDf - Ferrite
Lateral view of the fork showing the profile. The scoop convex depth is 10 mm and the handle concave depth is 3 mm. The overal thickness of the part is 1 mm.
53
VIEW
ML00151 / Dec.2018
Ferritic Stainless Steel of a Flatware Fork
M - Ferritic Stainless SteelP - Foodstuff ArticleAp - KitchenCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View

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ML00133 — Seam Welded Pipe Cladded with Alloy 625M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
The 6 1/2" nominal diameter longitudinal seam welded pipe is internally cladded with Alloy 625. The pipe was manufactured by forming a cladded plate (probably welded by rolling) and welding it longitudinally. The pipe was heat treated (quenched and tempered) after the seam weld.
96
VIEW
ML00133 / May.2018
Seam Welded Pipe Cladded with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Welded Joint
The macrography of a longitudinal section shows the low alloy (C-Mn) steel pipe, internally cladded with Ni alloy clad plate.
72
VIEW
ML00133 / May.2018
Seam Welded Pipe Cladded with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Electrolytically Etched MacroDf - Longitudinal Section
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe substrate, in low magnification, showing a uniform microstructure,
51
VIEW
ML00133 / May.2018
Seam Welded Pipe Cladded with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe substrate showing a uniform bainitic microstructure obtained by the pipe quenching and tempering,
48
VIEW
ML00133 / May.2018
Seam Welded Pipe Cladded with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Longitudinal Section
Micrographic detail of a longitudinal section of the pipe substrate showing a uniform bainitic microstructure,
50
VIEW
ML00133 / May.2018
Seam Welded Pipe Cladded with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Bainite

+12 more from this case →

ML00132 — Seamless Pipe Overlaid with Alloy 625M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
The 4 1/2" nominal diameter seamless pipe internally overlaid with Alloy 625. This pipe corresponds to a 90° curve. The overlaid pipe was heat treated before and after bending. The final quenching and tempering heat treatment was conducted to meet API 5L X70 properties.
113
VIEW
ML00132 / May.2018
Seamless Pipe Overlaid with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Welded Joint
The macrography of a longitudinal section shows the low alloy (C-Mn) steel pipe, internally cladded by overlay in two layers.
88
VIEW
ML00132 / May.2018
Seamless Pipe Overlaid with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Electrolytically Etched MacroDf - Longitudinal Section
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe substrate, in low magnification, showing a uniform microstructure,
79
VIEW
ML00132 / May.2018
Seamless Pipe Overlaid with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe substrate showing a uniform bainitic microstructure obtained by the pipe quenching and tempering,
72
VIEW
ML00132 / May.2018
Seamless Pipe Overlaid with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Longitudinal Section
Micrographic detail of a longitudinal section of the pipe substrate showing a uniform bainitic microstructure.
68
VIEW
ML00132 / May.2018
Seamless Pipe Overlaid with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Bainite

+12 more from this case →

ML00117 — High Carbon Steel Wire RopeM - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Typical manufacturing
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the core wire, 2.0 mm diameter, in the center of the thickness, showing a strain hardened structure, aligned.
113
VIEW
ML00117 / Jan.2018
High Carbon Steel Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - In the Center of the Thickness
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the core wire, 2.0 mm diameter, in the center of the thickness, showing a strain hardened pearlitic structure.
89
VIEW
ML00117 / Jan.2018
High Carbon Steel Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Longitudinal Section
Micrographic detail of a longitudinal section of the core wire, 2.0 mm diameter, in the center of the thickness, showing a strain hardened pearlitic structure.
81
VIEW
ML00117 / Jan.2018
High Carbon Steel Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Strain hardened pearlite
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the core wire, 2.0 mm diameter, at the surface of the wire, showing that the wire presents no protective layer (not galvanized nor plated) and the microstructure is strain hardened, aligned.
71
VIEW
ML00117 / Jan.2018
High Carbon Steel Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - At the Surface
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the core wire, 2.0 mm diameter, at the surface of the wire, showing that the wire presents no protective layer (not galvanized) and the microstructure is strain hardened, aligned.
60
VIEW
ML00117 / Jan.2018
High Carbon Steel Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Longitudinal Section

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ML00113 — Autogenous Weld of a Carbon Steel WireM - Medium Carbon SteelP - WireAp - OffshoreCd - Welding
Micrography of a longitudinal section of a 4 mm diameter wire base metal, presenting a strain hardened and aligned pearlitic structure.
42
VIEW
ML00113 / Jan.2018
Autogenous Weld of a Carbon Steel Wire
M - Medium Carbon SteelP - WireAp - OffshoreCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal
Low magnification micrography of a longitudinal section of a 4 mm diameter base metal wire, presenting a strain hardened and aligned pearlitic structure.
32
VIEW
ML00113 / Jan.2018
Autogenous Weld of a Carbon Steel Wire
M - Medium Carbon SteelP - WireAp - OffshoreCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal
Macrography of a longitudinal section of a 4 mm diameter wire, presenting part of an austogenously welded joint, with the transformation of the strain hardened pearlitic. The base metal is to the left side of the figure, and the heat affected zone is in the center of the figure. There is a (previous austenite) grain growth to the right side of the figure, where it is the center of the weld.
33
VIEW
ML00113 / Jan.2018
Autogenous Weld of a Carbon Steel Wire
M - Medium Carbon SteelP - WireAp - OffshoreCd - Welding
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Welded Joint
Low magnification micrography of a longitudinal section of a 4 mm diameter wire, at the region where the pearlitic strain hardened wire is affected by the welding. The base metal is to the left side and the region of the HAZ that starts with a grain growth is to the right side.
24
VIEW
ML00113 / Jan.2018
Autogenous Weld of a Carbon Steel Wire
M - Medium Carbon SteelP - WireAp - OffshoreCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Heat Affected Zone
Micrography of a longitudinal section of a 4 mm diameter wire, at the heat affected zone created by the autogenous welding, presenting a tempered martensitic structure.
19
VIEW
ML00113 / Jan.2018
Autogenous Weld of a Carbon Steel Wire
M - Medium Carbon SteelP - WireAp - OffshoreCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Heat Affected Zone

+4 more from this case →

ML00109 — Thermal Spray and Fuse Layer in Forged PinM - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Thermal spray
Micrography, as polished, of the transverse section of the forged pin with the layer applied by a (thermal) spray and fuse process. The layer was melted after thermal spray application and the layer presents a continuous matrix, but there are globular oxides and pores entrapped.
29
VIEW
ML00109 / Jan.2018
Thermal Spray and Fuse Layer in Forged Pin
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Thermal spray
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Surface Layer
Micrographic detail, as polished, of the transverse section of the forged pin at the interface between the pin and the spray and fuse layer. The pin was heat treated after the thermal spray, and fuse treatment. The interface presents a higher concentration of globular oxides and pores, entrapped.
23
VIEW
ML00109 / Jan.2018
Thermal Spray and Fuse Layer in Forged Pin
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Thermal spray
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Surface Layer
Low magnification micrography of the interface between the pin and the spray and fuse layer. Close to the surface, under the layer, the pin presents a quenched and tempered structure, compatible with a high strenght requirement. Transverse section.
20
VIEW
ML00109 / Jan.2018
Thermal Spray and Fuse Layer in Forged Pin
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Thermal spray
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Surface Layer
Micrography of the pin close to the interface with the spray and fuse layer. Transverse section. The fuse is conducted in high temperature and the pin was quenched and tempered after the thermal spray deposition and fuse by flame (in this case the melting of the applied layer was conducted by a oxifuel flame.
21
VIEW
ML00109 / Jan.2018
Thermal Spray and Fuse Layer in Forged Pin
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Thermal spray
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
Micrographic detail of the tempered martensite structure close to the interface with the spray and fuse layer. Transverse section. The fuse is conducted in high temperature and the pin was heat treated after the thermal spray deposition and fuse.
16
VIEW
ML00109 / Jan.2018
Thermal Spray and Fuse Layer in Forged Pin
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Thermal spray
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite

+3 more from this case →