Microstructure

16 cases · 71 images

Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

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Microstructure — sub-branches

Acicular Alpha 2Austenite 6Bainite 2Bainitic HAZ 1Banded Structure 3Clad Interface 20Columnar Grains 1Equiaxial Grains 2Ferrite and Pearlite 2Fusion Line 9Grain refined structure 2Martensite 12No Coating Layer 3Overtempered Structure 1Prior Austenite Boundaries Decorated 1Strain hardened pearlite 3Uniform Structure 1

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Micrography presenting a uniform and refined tempered martensitic structure.
39
VIEW
ML00169 / Nov.2020
Drill Pipe Fracture in the Pipe Body
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Uniform Structure
Tempered martensite of the pipe body of this API 5D grade S135 drill pipe. The material presents, at this low magnification micrographic aspect, a slightly banded structure, usual for this type of drill pipe.
58
VIEW
ML00159 / Mar.2020
Collapse of a Drill Pipe
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Ductile Behavior
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Banded Structure
Micrographic detail of the very refined ferritic structure of the base metal, in the longitudinal section, indicating that the material was heat treated, since no banding is not detectable at this magnification.
101
VIEW
ML00153 / Jan.2019
X52 in a Tubular Structure
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - StructureCd - Qualified
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Grain refined structure
Micrography of the pipe transverse section presenting a predominatly ferritic-perlitic microstructure.
132
VIEW
ML00140 / May.2019
Preferential Corrosion of Pipe Seam Weld
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - ShipCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite
Image by scanning electron microscopy of the metallurgically bonded interface of the internally cladded pipe. It is a longitudinal seam welded pipe, with substrate in low alloy steel X65 and clad plate in Alloy 625 (welded by a solid state process). The region is a detail in the side of the Ni alloy clad plate where a grain refinement has occurred probably due to recrystallization of a strain hardened region during later heat treatment. The microhardness of this region is a lot higher than the value obtained out of this region, in the clad plate.
904
VIEW
ML00133 / May.2018
Seam Welded Pipe Cladded with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Clad Interface
Image by scanning electron microscopy of the metallurgically bonded interface of the internally cladded pipe. It is a seamless pipe in a low alloy steel X70 cladded by welding overlay of Alloy 625 (by automatic GTAW process). The region is a detail of the interface inside the Ni alloy weld metal, presenting columnar grains and intragranular preciptation. The pipe was heat treated before bending (solution annealing) and after bending (quenching and tempering to meet X70 grade). The microhardness of this region is higher than the value obtained out of this region, in the overlay.
657
VIEW
ML00132 / May.2018
Seamless Pipe Overlaid with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Electrolytic Etch Micrography by SEMDf - Clad Interface
Micrographic detail of a longitudinal section of the core wire, 2.0 mm diameter, in the center of the thickness, showing a strain hardened pearlitic structure.
81
VIEW
ML00117 / Jan.2018
High Carbon Steel Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Strain hardened pearlite
Micrographic detail of a longitudinal section in the center of the bolt. Granular austenitic microstructure, equiaxial, primary precipitates (isolated), precipitation hardened (not detectable by metalography, only because of the hardness level)
431
VIEW
ML00106 / Dec.2017
Inconel 718 Submarine Bolt
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Austenite

More from these cases

ML00169 — Drill Pipe Fracture in the Pipe BodyM - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Micrography presenting a uniform and refined tempered martensitic structure.
39
VIEW
ML00169 / Nov.2020
Drill Pipe Fracture in the Pipe Body
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
Micrographic detail of the tempered martensite.
40
VIEW
ML00169 / Nov.2020
Drill Pipe Fracture in the Pipe Body
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
Teste João
2
VIEW
ML00169 / Nov.2020
Drill Pipe Fracture in the Pipe Body
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - As polishedDf - Acicular Alpha
Teste Joao
3
VIEW
ML00169 / Nov.2020
Drill Pipe Fracture in the Pipe Body
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - As polishedDf - Acicular Alpha
ML00159 — Collapse of a Drill PipeM - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Ductile Behavior
Micrographic detail of the tempered martensite in the longitudinal section of the pipe body. Uniform structure.
45
VIEW
ML00159 / Mar.2020
Collapse of a Drill Pipe
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Ductile Behavior
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
Micrographic detail of the tempered martensite in the longitudinal section of the pipe body.
39
VIEW
ML00159 / Mar.2020
Collapse of a Drill Pipe
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Ductile Behavior
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
Micrographic detail of sheared pipe, showing strong plastic deformation at the fracture. The structure shows the shear effect at the fracture.
16
VIEW
ML00159 / Mar.2020
Collapse of a Drill Pipe
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Ductile Behavior
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
ML00153 — X52 in a Tubular StructureM - CMn SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - StructureCd - Qualified
Micrographic detail of the bainitic structure of the coarse grain heat affected zone, close to the fusion line (to the top of the figure).
76
VIEW
ML00153 / Jan.2019
X52 in a Tubular Structure
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - StructureCd - Qualified
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Bainitic HAZ
Micrographic detail of the weld metal in the last bead. The microstructure shows primary ferrite in the (previous austenite) grain boundaries, some regions of ferrite with aligned second phases and acicular ferrite in the center of the columnar grains.
51
VIEW
ML00153 / Jan.2019
X52 in a Tubular Structure
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - StructureCd - Qualified
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Columnar Grains
Micrographic detail of the refined ferritic microstructure, with equiaxial grains, of the weld metal in the root, reheated by the fill pass. At this magnification it is possible to see that the agglomerated carbides ar located in ferritic grain boundaries.
67
VIEW
ML00153 / Jan.2019
X52 in a Tubular Structure
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - StructureCd - Qualified
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Equiaxial Grains
ML00140 — Preferential Corrosion of Pipe Seam WeldM - Low Carbon SteelP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - ShipCd - Preferential Dissolution
Micrographic detail of the predominatly ferritic-perlitic microstructure. Pipe transverse section.
95
VIEW
ML00140 / May.2019
Preferential Corrosion of Pipe Seam Weld
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - ShipCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite
ML00133 — Seam Welded Pipe Cladded with Alloy 625M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Micrographic detail of a longitudinal section of the pipe substrate showing a uniform bainitic microstructure,
50
VIEW
ML00133 / May.2018
Seam Welded Pipe Cladded with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Bainite
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe at the interface with the clad plate, with Nital etch that reveals only the low alloy steel structure, to the left side of the image.
55
VIEW
ML00133 / May.2018
Seam Welded Pipe Cladded with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Clad Interface
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe at the interface with the clad plate, with Nital etch that reveals only the low alloy steel structure, to the left side of the image.
51
VIEW
ML00133 / May.2018
Seam Welded Pipe Cladded with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Clad Interface
Micrographic detail of a longitudinal section of the pipe at the interface with the clad plate, with Nital etch that reveals only the low alloy steel structure, to the left side of the image. The metallurgical bonding of the claded plate to the substrate is evident since there are no voids or defects.
47
VIEW
ML00133 / May.2018
Seam Welded Pipe Cladded with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Clad Interface
Micrography showing the positions of Vickers microhardness measurements in the longitudinal micrography, in the pipe steel substrate (dot 1 - 266 HV100g), very close to the interface inside the clad plate (dot 2 - 429 HV100g) and a little far from the interface inside the Ni clad plate (dot 3 - 358 HV100g).
51
VIEW
ML00133 / May.2018
Seam Welded Pipe Cladded with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Clad Interface

+8 more from this case →

ML00132 — Seamless Pipe Overlaid with Alloy 625M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Micrographic detail of a longitudinal section of the pipe substrate showing a uniform bainitic microstructure.
68
VIEW
ML00132 / May.2018
Seamless Pipe Overlaid with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Bainite
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe at the overlay fusion line, with Nital etch that reveals only the low alloy steel structure, to the left side of the image.
67
VIEW
ML00132 / May.2018
Seamless Pipe Overlaid with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Clad Interface
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe at the overlay fusion line, with Nital etch that reveals only the low alloy steel structure, to the left side of the image. Some decarburization of the low alloy steel substrate is evident since the microstructure is slightly different a little far from the interface.
66
VIEW
ML00132 / May.2018
Seamless Pipe Overlaid with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Clad Interface
Micrographic detail of a longitudinal section of the pipe at the interface with the clad plate, with Nital etch that reveals only the low alloy steel structure, to the left side of the image.
59
VIEW
ML00132 / May.2018
Seamless Pipe Overlaid with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Clad Interface
Micrography showing the positions of Vickers microhardness measurements in the longitudinal micrography, in the pipe steel substrate (dot 1 - 217 HV100g), very close to the interface inside the overlay (dot 2 - 370 HV100g) and a little far from the interface inside the Ni clad plate (dot 3 - 229 HV100g).
57
VIEW
ML00132 / May.2018
Seamless Pipe Overlaid with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Clad Interface

+5 more from this case →

ML00117 — High Carbon Steel Wire RopeM - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Typical manufacturing
Micrographic detail of a longitudinal section of the core wire, 2.0 mm diameter, at the surface of the wire, showing that it presents no protective layer (not galvanized nor plated) and the microstructure is pearlitic, strain hardened.
77
VIEW
ML00117 / Jan.2018
High Carbon Steel Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - No Coating Layer
Micrographic detail of a longitudinal section of the internal strand wire, 2.6 mm diameter, in the center of the thickness, showing a strain hardened pearlitic structure.
34
VIEW
ML00117 / Jan.2018
High Carbon Steel Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Strain hardened pearlite
Micrographic detail of a longitudinal section of the strand internal layer, wire 2.6 mm diameter, at the surface, showing that it presents no protective layer (not galvanized nor plated) and the microstructure is pearlitic, strain hardened.
27
VIEW
ML00117 / Jan.2018
High Carbon Steel Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - No Coating Layer
Micrographic detail of a longitudinal section of the core wire, 3.8 mm diameter, in the center of the thickness, showing a strain hardened pearlitic structure.
19
VIEW
ML00117 / Jan.2018
High Carbon Steel Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Strain hardened pearlite
Micrographic detail of a longitudinal section of the strand external layer, wire 3.8 mm diameter, at the surface, showing that it presents no protective layer (not galvanized nor plated) and the microstructure is pearlitic, strain hardened.
18
VIEW
ML00117 / Jan.2018
High Carbon Steel Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - No Coating Layer