Microstructure

4 cases · 31 images

Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

Product: Cladding Capture method: Optical Microscope clear all

Microstructure — sub-branches

Austenite 3Bainite 3Bainitic Ferrite 2Clad Interface 20Ferrite and Pearlite 1Grain refined structure 1Martensite 1

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Image by scanning electron microscopy of the metallurgically bonded interface of the internally cladded pipe. It is a longitudinal seam welded pipe, with substrate in low alloy steel X65 and clad plate in Alloy 625 (welded by a solid state process). The region is a detail in the side of the Ni alloy clad plate where a grain refinement has occurred probably due to recrystallization of a strain hardened region during later heat treatment. The microhardness of this region is a lot higher than the value obtained out of this region, in the clad plate.
904
VIEW
ML00133 / May.2018
Seam Welded Pipe Cladded with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Clad Interface
Micrographic detail of a longitudinal section of the pipe substrate showing a uniform bainitic microstructure.
68
VIEW
ML00132 / May.2018
Seamless Pipe Overlaid with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Bainite
Micrographic detail of the bainitic structure of the 4130 steel, normalized and tempered.
87
VIEW
ML00102 / May.2018
AISI 4130 Forging Welded and Overlaid
M - Low Alloy SteelP - CladdingAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Bainite
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe showing the carbon steel pipe , internal.
122
VIEW
ML00056 / May.2018
Seamless Tube Externally Cladded with SS
M - Carbon Steel / Stainless SteelP - CladdingAp - Pulp and PaperCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite

More from these cases

ML00133 — Seam Welded Pipe Cladded with Alloy 625M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Micrographic detail of a longitudinal section of the pipe substrate showing a uniform bainitic microstructure,
50
VIEW
ML00133 / May.2018
Seam Welded Pipe Cladded with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Bainite
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe at the interface with the clad plate, with Nital etch that reveals only the low alloy steel structure, to the left side of the image.
55
VIEW
ML00133 / May.2018
Seam Welded Pipe Cladded with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Clad Interface
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe at the interface with the clad plate, with Nital etch that reveals only the low alloy steel structure, to the left side of the image.
51
VIEW
ML00133 / May.2018
Seam Welded Pipe Cladded with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Clad Interface
Micrographic detail of a longitudinal section of the pipe at the interface with the clad plate, with Nital etch that reveals only the low alloy steel structure, to the left side of the image. The metallurgical bonding of the claded plate to the substrate is evident since there are no voids or defects.
47
VIEW
ML00133 / May.2018
Seam Welded Pipe Cladded with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Clad Interface
Micrography showing the positions of Vickers microhardness measurements in the longitudinal micrography, in the pipe steel substrate (dot 1 - 266 HV100g), very close to the interface inside the clad plate (dot 2 - 429 HV100g) and a little far from the interface inside the Ni clad plate (dot 3 - 358 HV100g).
50
VIEW
ML00133 / May.2018
Seam Welded Pipe Cladded with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Clad Interface

+8 more from this case →

ML00132 — Seamless Pipe Overlaid with Alloy 625M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe at the overlay fusion line, with Nital etch that reveals only the low alloy steel structure, to the left side of the image.
67
VIEW
ML00132 / May.2018
Seamless Pipe Overlaid with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Clad Interface
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe at the overlay fusion line, with Nital etch that reveals only the low alloy steel structure, to the left side of the image. Some decarburization of the low alloy steel substrate is evident since the microstructure is slightly different a little far from the interface.
66
VIEW
ML00132 / May.2018
Seamless Pipe Overlaid with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Clad Interface
Micrographic detail of a longitudinal section of the pipe at the interface with the clad plate, with Nital etch that reveals only the low alloy steel structure, to the left side of the image.
59
VIEW
ML00132 / May.2018
Seamless Pipe Overlaid with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Clad Interface
Micrography showing the positions of Vickers microhardness measurements in the longitudinal micrography, in the pipe steel substrate (dot 1 - 217 HV100g), very close to the interface inside the overlay (dot 2 - 370 HV100g) and a little far from the interface inside the Ni clad plate (dot 3 - 229 HV100g).
56
VIEW
ML00132 / May.2018
Seamless Pipe Overlaid with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Clad Interface
Low magnification micrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe at the interface,with oxalic acid electrolytic method that overetchs the low alloy steel structure (to the left side of the image), and reveals the structure of the clad interface.
49
VIEW
ML00132 / May.2018
Seamless Pipe Overlaid with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Clad Interface

+2 more from this case →

ML00102 — AISI 4130 Forging Welded and OverlaidM - Low Alloy SteelP - CladdingAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Micrographic detail of the bainitic heat affected zone (HAZ) of 4130 forging at the Inconel overlay.
50
VIEW
ML00102 / May.2018
AISI 4130 Forging Welded and Overlaid
M - Low Alloy SteelP - CladdingAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Bainitic Ferrite
Micrographic detail of the tempered martensitic structure of the tubular 4130 forging butt weld HAZ (at the face). The martensite was formed during welding, not reheated (because it was the last bead in that position), and tempered during PWHT.
42
VIEW
ML00102 / May.2018
AISI 4130 Forging Welded and Overlaid
M - Low Alloy SteelP - CladdingAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
Micrographic detail of the ferritic/bainitic structure of the HAZ of the tubular 4130 forging, butt weld root. The structure is ferritic bainitic because of the multiple reheatings in high temperature.
40
VIEW
ML00102 / May.2018
AISI 4130 Forging Welded and Overlaid
M - Low Alloy SteelP - CladdingAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Bainitic Ferrite
ML00056 — Seamless Tube Externally Cladded with SSM - Carbon Steel / Stainless SteelP - CladdingAp - Pulp and PaperCd - Removed From Service
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe showing the stainless steel pipe , external.
99
VIEW
ML00056 / May.2018
Seamless Tube Externally Cladded with SS
M - Carbon Steel / Stainless SteelP - CladdingAp - Pulp and PaperCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite
Micrographic detail of the interface in the longitudinal section of the pipe showing the decarburized layer at the solid solution welded interface. The stainless steel structure (in the right side of the figure) is not revealed using the Nital etch.
80
VIEW
ML00056 / May.2018
Seamless Tube Externally Cladded with SS
M - Carbon Steel / Stainless SteelP - CladdingAp - Pulp and PaperCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Clad Interface
Micrographic detail of the interface in the longitudinal section of the pipe showing the decarburized layer at the solid solution welded interface. The stainless steel structure (in the right side of the figure) is not revealed using the Nital etch.
69
VIEW
ML00056 / May.2018
Seamless Tube Externally Cladded with SS
M - Carbon Steel / Stainless SteelP - CladdingAp - Pulp and PaperCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Clad Interface
Micrographic detail of the interface showing the strain hardened layer at the stainless steel side (in the right of the figure), revealed using the Electrolytic etch.
76
VIEW
ML00056 / May.2018
Seamless Tube Externally Cladded with SS
M - Carbon Steel / Stainless SteelP - CladdingAp - Pulp and PaperCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Clad Interface