Microstructure

162 cases · 600 images

Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

Capture method: Optical Microscope clear all

Microstructure — sub-branches

Acicular Alpha 2Acicular Ferrite 1Aligned particles 2Alpha 4Alpha and Beta 12Austenite 45Austenitic with Primary Carbides 2Austenitic with Secondary Precipitation 7Bainite 15Bainitic Ferrite 7Bainitic HAZ 8Bainitic Martensitic 6Banded Pearlite 8Banded Structure 25Carburized Layer 4Clad Interface 21Coalesced structure 8Coarse Structure 15Coating Layer 9Columnar Grains 4Decarburized Surface 1Delta Ferrite Islands 2Delta ferrite 4Dendritic 3Dual grain sizes 1Duplex structure 18Equiaxial Grains 5Ferrite 8Ferrite and Austenite 7Ferrite and Bainite 3Ferrite and Pearlite 55Ferritic Weld Metal 2Free Carbides in Pearlite Colonies 1Fusion Line 17Grain boundary intermetallics 2Grain refined structure 13Granular structure 9Graphite Type A (ASTM A247) 2Graphite in Flakes 5Graphite in Imperfect Nodules 1Graphite in Nodules 6Hard Chromium Layer 3Hypoeutetic 1Intergranular Precipitation 4Intragranular Secondary Precipitation 5Martensite 89Martensite, delta ferrite & carbides 3Matrix of ferrite and pearlite 5Mixture of Melted Metals 3Network of Primary Carbides 2Networklike precipitates 1Ni layer 2No Coating Layer 3Non Metallic Inclusions 8Overheating 3Overtempered Structure 2Pearlite 10Pearlite Matrix 3Predominantly Ferritic 15Predominantly Pearlitic 5Prior Austenite Boundaries Decorated 1Secondary Precipitation 1Sigma 7Single phase 1Strain Hardened 25Strain hardened pearlite 4Tempered Martensite 4Tempered Structure 1Thermal Spray Layer 5Two phases 4Uniform Structure 4Zn Layer 6

Results

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Micrography of the weld metal in a cracked region. Non tempered martensitic regions. This part is not typically stress relieved after welding.
50
VIEW
ML00067 / May.2017
Cold Cracks in C-Mn SAW Weld Metal
M - CMn SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - AutomotiveCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
The microstructure of the pipe, presented in a longitudinal section, is an uniform tempered martensite.
105
VIEW
ML00068 / Sep.2020
Corrosion Fatigue of a 5" Drill Pipe
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Seamless PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the 1" plate, in the center of the thickness, presenting a refined ferritic perlitic microstructure. Banded.
310
VIEW
ML00063 / Apr.2017
EH36 1" Plate for Structure
M - CMn SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - ShipCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Grain refined structure
Micrography of the nut in the longitudinal direction, at the Nylon insert position, showing a cold formed region at the end of the nut, with high hardness levels (about 600 HV100g).
53
VIEW
ML00062 / Apr.2017
Inconel 718 Lock Nut with Polymer Insert
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - Cold FormedAp - PipingCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Strain Hardened
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe showing the carbon steel pipe , internal.
122
VIEW
ML00056 / May.2018
Seamless Tube Externally Cladded with SS
M - Carbon Steel / Stainless SteelP - CladdingAp - Pulp and PaperCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite
The micrography shows the martensitic region of the tube HAZ responsible for the hydrogen cracking, presenting too high hardness level (600 HV). It is a fresh martensite since the joint was welded in one pass and there was no PWHT.
45
VIEW
ML00052 / Apr.2017
Cold Cracks in API 5CT L80 Tube Welded to a Structural Part
M - Low Alloy SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - OffshoreCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
Micrographic detail of the fusion line of the second pass (not reheated). The HAZ is bainitic and the weld metal microstructure is predominantly formed by acicular ferrite.
51
VIEW
ML00053 / Mar.2017
SAW Longitudinal Seam of X70 Pipe
M - Microalloyed SteelP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - SubseaCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Fusion Line
Micrography of the plate material presenting a granular austenitic structure, free from precipitation.
122
VIEW
ML00051 / Apr.2020
Chloride SCC of 316 Heat Exchanger Plate
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Heat Exchanger PartAp - FPSOCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Eletrolytically Etched Micrography by OMDf - Austenite

More from these cases

ML00063 — EH36 1" Plate for StructureM - CMn SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - ShipCd - Typical manufacturing
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the 1" plate, in the center of the thickness, presenting a refined ferritic perlitic microstructure. Banded.
12
VIEW
ML00063 / Apr.2017
EH36 1" Plate for Structure
M - CMn SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - ShipCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Banded Pearlite
ML00062 — Inconel 718 Lock Nut with Polymer InsertM - NiCrFe AlloyP - Cold FormedAp - PipingCd - Typical manufacturing
Micrographic detail of the nut at the cold formed region where the nut was bent over the Nylon insert. It is possible to see strain hardened structures (600HV 100g).
41
VIEW
ML00062 / Apr.2017
Inconel 718 Lock Nut with Polymer Insert
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - Cold FormedAp - PipingCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Strain Hardened
ML00056 — Seamless Tube Externally Cladded with SSM - Carbon Steel / Stainless SteelP - CladdingAp - Pulp and PaperCd - Removed From Service
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe showing the stainless steel pipe , external.
99
VIEW
ML00056 / May.2018
Seamless Tube Externally Cladded with SS
M - Carbon Steel / Stainless SteelP - CladdingAp - Pulp and PaperCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite
Micrographic detail of the interface in the longitudinal section of the pipe showing the decarburized layer at the solid solution welded interface. The stainless steel structure (in the right side of the figure) is not revealed using the Nital etch.
80
VIEW
ML00056 / May.2018
Seamless Tube Externally Cladded with SS
M - Carbon Steel / Stainless SteelP - CladdingAp - Pulp and PaperCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Clad Interface
Micrographic detail of the interface in the longitudinal section of the pipe showing the decarburized layer at the solid solution welded interface. The stainless steel structure (in the right side of the figure) is not revealed using the Nital etch.
70
VIEW
ML00056 / May.2018
Seamless Tube Externally Cladded with SS
M - Carbon Steel / Stainless SteelP - CladdingAp - Pulp and PaperCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Clad Interface
Micrographic detail of the interface showing the strain hardened layer at the stainless steel side (in the right of the figure), revealed using the Electrolytic etch.
76
VIEW
ML00056 / May.2018
Seamless Tube Externally Cladded with SS
M - Carbon Steel / Stainless SteelP - CladdingAp - Pulp and PaperCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Clad Interface
ML00052 — Cold Cracks in API 5CT L80 Tube Welded to a Structural PartM - Low Alloy SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - OffshoreCd - Welding Defect
Micrography of the low alloy steel tube at the fusion line, presenting a martensitic structure at the HAZ and acicular ferrite in the weld metal.
41
VIEW
ML00052 / Apr.2017
Cold Cracks in API 5CT L80 Tube Welded to a Structural Part
M - Low Alloy SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - OffshoreCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Fusion Line
ML00053 — SAW Longitudinal Seam of X70 PipeM - Microalloyed SteelP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - SubseaCd - Welding
Fusion line of the first pass (reheated in high temperature). The HAZ is bainitic and the weld metal microstructure is predominantly formed by acicular ferrite.
43
VIEW
ML00053 / Mar.2017
SAW Longitudinal Seam of X70 Pipe
M - Microalloyed SteelP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - SubseaCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Fusion Line
Micrographic detail of the fusion line of the first pass (reheated in high temperature). The HAZ is bainitic and the weld metal microstructure is predominantly formed by acicular ferrite.
37
VIEW
ML00053 / Mar.2017
SAW Longitudinal Seam of X70 Pipe
M - Microalloyed SteelP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - SubseaCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Fusion Line
Micrographic detail of the fusion line of the first pass (reheated in high temperature). The HAZ is bainitic and the weld metal microstructure is predominantly formed by acicular ferrite.
38
VIEW
ML00053 / Mar.2017
SAW Longitudinal Seam of X70 Pipe
M - Microalloyed SteelP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - SubseaCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Fusion Line
Micrographic detail of the fusion line of the second pass (not reheated). Bainitic HAZ and acicular ferrite in the weld metal.
45
VIEW
ML00053 / Mar.2017
SAW Longitudinal Seam of X70 Pipe
M - Microalloyed SteelP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - SubseaCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Fusion Line
ML00051 — Chloride SCC of 316 Heat Exchanger PlateM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Heat Exchanger PartAp - FPSOCd - Stress Corrosion
Micrographic detail of the austenitic microstructure of the heat exchanger plate, free from carbides that suggest the adoption of a material in a solution annealed condition, although the high hardness level indicates cold working.
109
VIEW
ML00051 / Apr.2020
Chloride SCC of 316 Heat Exchanger Plate
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Heat Exchanger PartAp - FPSOCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Eletrolytically Etched Micrography by OMDf - Austenite