Welding

6 cases · 38 images

Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

Capture method: Optical Microscope Detail focus: Microstructure clear all

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Image by scanning electron microscopy of the metallurgically bonded interface of the internally cladded pipe. It is a longitudinal seam welded pipe, with substrate in low alloy steel X65 and clad plate in Alloy 625 (welded by a solid state process). The region is a detail in the side of the Ni alloy clad plate where a grain refinement has occurred probably due to recrystallization of a strain hardened region during later heat treatment. The microhardness of this region is a lot higher than the value obtained out of this region, in the clad plate.
904
VIEW
ML00133 / May.2018
Seam Welded Pipe Cladded with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Clad Interface
Micrographic detail of a longitudinal section of the pipe substrate showing a uniform bainitic microstructure.
68
VIEW
ML00132 / May.2018
Seamless Pipe Overlaid with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Bainite
Micrographic detail of a longitudinal section of a 4 mm diameter wire, presenting an aligned and highly strained pearlitic structure. Base metal.
386
VIEW
ML00113 / Jan.2018
Autogenous Weld of a Carbon Steel Wire
M - Medium Carbon SteelP - WireAp - OffshoreCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Strain hardened pearlite
Micrographic detail of the bainitic structure of the 4130 steel, normalized and tempered.
87
VIEW
ML00102 / May.2018
AISI 4130 Forging Welded and Overlaid
M - Low Alloy SteelP - CladdingAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Bainite
Micrography of the superduplex stainless steel tubing (base metal), in the longitudinal direction. Refined ferritic-austenitic structure.
55
VIEW
ML00100 / Nov.2017
Superduplex Tubing to Forging Welded Joint
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Welding
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Duplex structure
Micrographic detail of the fusion line of the second pass (not reheated). The HAZ is bainitic and the weld metal microstructure is predominantly formed by acicular ferrite.
51
VIEW
ML00053 / Mar.2017
SAW Longitudinal Seam of X70 Pipe
M - Microalloyed SteelP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - SubseaCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Fusion Line

More from these cases

ML00133 — Seam Welded Pipe Cladded with Alloy 625M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Micrographic detail of a longitudinal section of the pipe substrate showing a uniform bainitic microstructure,
50
VIEW
ML00133 / May.2018
Seam Welded Pipe Cladded with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Bainite
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe at the interface with the clad plate, with Nital etch that reveals only the low alloy steel structure, to the left side of the image.
55
VIEW
ML00133 / May.2018
Seam Welded Pipe Cladded with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Clad Interface
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe at the interface with the clad plate, with Nital etch that reveals only the low alloy steel structure, to the left side of the image.
51
VIEW
ML00133 / May.2018
Seam Welded Pipe Cladded with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Clad Interface
Micrographic detail of a longitudinal section of the pipe at the interface with the clad plate, with Nital etch that reveals only the low alloy steel structure, to the left side of the image. The metallurgical bonding of the claded plate to the substrate is evident since there are no voids or defects.
47
VIEW
ML00133 / May.2018
Seam Welded Pipe Cladded with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Clad Interface
Micrography showing the positions of Vickers microhardness measurements in the longitudinal micrography, in the pipe steel substrate (dot 1 - 266 HV100g), very close to the interface inside the clad plate (dot 2 - 429 HV100g) and a little far from the interface inside the Ni clad plate (dot 3 - 358 HV100g).
51
VIEW
ML00133 / May.2018
Seam Welded Pipe Cladded with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Clad Interface

+8 more from this case →

ML00132 — Seamless Pipe Overlaid with Alloy 625M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe at the overlay fusion line, with Nital etch that reveals only the low alloy steel structure, to the left side of the image.
67
VIEW
ML00132 / May.2018
Seamless Pipe Overlaid with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Clad Interface
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe at the overlay fusion line, with Nital etch that reveals only the low alloy steel structure, to the left side of the image. Some decarburization of the low alloy steel substrate is evident since the microstructure is slightly different a little far from the interface.
66
VIEW
ML00132 / May.2018
Seamless Pipe Overlaid with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Clad Interface
Micrographic detail of a longitudinal section of the pipe at the interface with the clad plate, with Nital etch that reveals only the low alloy steel structure, to the left side of the image.
59
VIEW
ML00132 / May.2018
Seamless Pipe Overlaid with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Clad Interface
Micrography showing the positions of Vickers microhardness measurements in the longitudinal micrography, in the pipe steel substrate (dot 1 - 217 HV100g), very close to the interface inside the overlay (dot 2 - 370 HV100g) and a little far from the interface inside the Ni clad plate (dot 3 - 229 HV100g).
57
VIEW
ML00132 / May.2018
Seamless Pipe Overlaid with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Clad Interface
Low magnification micrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe at the interface,with oxalic acid electrolytic method that overetchs the low alloy steel structure (to the left side of the image), and reveals the structure of the clad interface.
49
VIEW
ML00132 / May.2018
Seamless Pipe Overlaid with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Clad Interface

+2 more from this case →

ML00113 — Autogenous Weld of a Carbon Steel WireM - Medium Carbon SteelP - WireAp - OffshoreCd - Welding
Micrographic detail of a longitudinal section of a 4 mm diameter wire, at the heat affected zone created by the autogenous welding, presenting a tempered martensitic structure.
23
VIEW
ML00113 / Jan.2018
Autogenous Weld of a Carbon Steel Wire
M - Medium Carbon SteelP - WireAp - OffshoreCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
Micrographic detail of a longitudinal section of a 4 mm diameter wire, in the center of the autogenously welded joint, presenting a tempered martensitic structure.
17
VIEW
ML00113 / Jan.2018
Autogenous Weld of a Carbon Steel Wire
M - Medium Carbon SteelP - WireAp - OffshoreCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
ML00102 — AISI 4130 Forging Welded and OverlaidM - Low Alloy SteelP - CladdingAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Micrographic detail of the bainitic heat affected zone (HAZ) of 4130 forging at the Inconel overlay.
50
VIEW
ML00102 / May.2018
AISI 4130 Forging Welded and Overlaid
M - Low Alloy SteelP - CladdingAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Bainitic Ferrite
Micrographic detail of the tempered martensitic structure of the tubular 4130 forging butt weld HAZ (at the face). The martensite was formed during welding, not reheated (because it was the last bead in that position), and tempered during PWHT.
42
VIEW
ML00102 / May.2018
AISI 4130 Forging Welded and Overlaid
M - Low Alloy SteelP - CladdingAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
Micrographic detail of the ferritic/bainitic structure of the HAZ of the tubular 4130 forging, butt weld root. The structure is ferritic bainitic because of the multiple reheatings in high temperature.
40
VIEW
ML00102 / May.2018
AISI 4130 Forging Welded and Overlaid
M - Low Alloy SteelP - CladdingAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Bainitic Ferrite
ML00100 — Superduplex Tubing to Forging Welded JointM - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Welding
Micrographic detail of the superduplex stainless steel tubing (base metal), in the longitudinal direction. Refined ferritic-austenitic structure.
53
VIEW
ML00100 / Nov.2017
Superduplex Tubing to Forging Welded Joint
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Welding
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Duplex structure
Micrography of the superduplex stainless steel forging connector (base metal), in the longitudinal direction. Coarse ferritic-austenitic structure.
32
VIEW
ML00100 / Nov.2017
Superduplex Tubing to Forging Welded Joint
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Welding
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Duplex structure
Micrographic detail of the superduplex stainless steel forging connector (base metal), in the longitudinal direction. Coarse ferritic-austenitic structure.
38
VIEW
ML00100 / Nov.2017
Superduplex Tubing to Forging Welded Joint
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Welding
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Coarse Structure
ML00053 — SAW Longitudinal Seam of X70 PipeM - Microalloyed SteelP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - SubseaCd - Welding
Fusion line of the first pass (reheated in high temperature). The HAZ is bainitic and the weld metal microstructure is predominantly formed by acicular ferrite.
43
VIEW
ML00053 / Mar.2017
SAW Longitudinal Seam of X70 Pipe
M - Microalloyed SteelP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - SubseaCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Fusion Line
Micrographic detail of the fusion line of the first pass (reheated in high temperature). The HAZ is bainitic and the weld metal microstructure is predominantly formed by acicular ferrite.
37
VIEW
ML00053 / Mar.2017
SAW Longitudinal Seam of X70 Pipe
M - Microalloyed SteelP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - SubseaCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Fusion Line
Micrographic detail of the fusion line of the first pass (reheated in high temperature). The HAZ is bainitic and the weld metal microstructure is predominantly formed by acicular ferrite.
38
VIEW
ML00053 / Mar.2017
SAW Longitudinal Seam of X70 Pipe
M - Microalloyed SteelP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - SubseaCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Fusion Line
Micrographic detail of the fusion line of the second pass (not reheated). Bainitic HAZ and acicular ferrite in the weld metal.
45
VIEW
ML00053 / Mar.2017
SAW Longitudinal Seam of X70 Pipe
M - Microalloyed SteelP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - SubseaCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Fusion Line