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Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

Microstructure: Austenite clear all

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Micrographic detail of a longitudinal section in the center of the bolt. Granular austenitic microstructure, equiaxial, primary precipitates (isolated), precipitation hardened (not detectable by metalography, only because of the hardness level)
431
VIEW
ML00106 / Dec.2017
Inconel 718 Submarine Bolt
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Austenite
Aspect of the bolt with a special head, to be adopted in subsea condition. M12, 1/2" 13UNC.
342
VIEW
ML00105 / Jun.2018
Inconel 718 Bolt of Special Head
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - FastenerAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Micrographic detail of the austenitic structure at the surface, where the grain size of the material increased. By optical microscopy the intragranular precipitation due to solution annealing and aging is not revealed.
794
VIEW
ML00089 / Sep.2017
Inconel 718 Allen Bolt for Subsea Application
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - Machined PartAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Austenite
Macroscopic aspect of the 1" shaft fracture surface, revealing beach marks at the surface typical of fatigue, initiated from the surface of the spline shaft at the gear position.
498
VIEW
ML00041 / Jun.2017
Fatigue Fracture of Inconel 718 Spline Shaft
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - ShaftAp - Oil and GasCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Fatigue Fracture
Transverse section of the fitting that suffered a longitudinal cracking. As polished. The wrought fitting has suffered intergranular stress corrosion cracking from the internal surface, exposed to hot caustic environment.
566
VIEW
ML00011 / Oct.2017
Intergranular SCC of Pure Nickel
M - Unalloyed NickelP - Wrought FittingAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Intergranular Cracking

More from these cases

ML00106 — Inconel 718 Submarine BoltM - NiCrFe AlloyP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Micrography of a longitudinal section in the center of the bolt. Granular austenitic microstructure, equiaxial, primary precipitates (isolated), precipitation hardened (not detectable by metalography, only because of the hardness level)
63
VIEW
ML00106 / Dec.2017
Inconel 718 Submarine Bolt
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Longitudinal Section
Aspect of the bolt analyzed to qualify the lot of fasteners to be adopted in subsea conditions, exposed to cathodic protection.
62
VIEW
ML00106 / Dec.2017
Inconel 718 Submarine Bolt
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Low magnification micrography of the bolt in a longitudinal section, at the bolt thread, showing no evidences of forming operations, indicating that it was machined from a heat treated bar. Austenitic microstructure, granular, equiaxial.
54
VIEW
ML00106 / Dec.2017
Inconel 718 Submarine Bolt
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Longitudinal Section
Micrography of the bolt in a longitudinal section, at the bolt thread, showing no evidences of forming operations, indicating that it was machined from a heat treated bar. Austenitic microstructure, granular, equiaxial.
49
VIEW
ML00106 / Dec.2017
Inconel 718 Submarine Bolt
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Machined Thread
ML00105 — Inconel 718 Bolt of Special HeadM - NiCrFe AlloyP - FastenerAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Low magnification micrography of the bolt in a longitudinal section, at the bolt thread, showing no evidences of forming operations, indicating it was machined from a heat treated bar. Austenitic microstructure, granular, equiaxial, precipitation hardened (shadow in the grains).
45
VIEW
ML00105 / Jun.2018
Inconel 718 Bolt of Special Head
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - FastenerAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Longitudinal Section
Micrography of the bolt in a longitudinal section, at the bolt thread, showing no evidences of forming operations, indicating it was machined from a heat treated bar. Austenitic microstructure, granular, equiaxial, precipitation hardened (shadow in the grains).
39
VIEW
ML00105 / Jun.2018
Inconel 718 Bolt of Special Head
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - FastenerAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Machined Thread
Micrographic detail of the bolt in a longitudinal section, at the bolt thread, showing no evidences of forming operations, indicating it was machined from a heat treated bar. Austenitic microstructure, granular, equiaxial, precipitation hardened (shadow in the grains).
31
VIEW
ML00105 / Jun.2018
Inconel 718 Bolt of Special Head
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - FastenerAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Machined Thread
Low magnification micrography of the bolt in a longitudinal section, at the bolt head, showing no evidences of forming operations, indicating it was machined from a heat treated bar. Austenitic microstructure, granular, equiaxial, precipitation hardened (shadow in the grains).
31
VIEW
ML00105 / Jun.2018
Inconel 718 Bolt of Special Head
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - FastenerAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Longitudinal Section
Micrography of the bolt in a longitudinal section, at the bolt head, showing no evidences of forming operations, indicating it was machined from a heat treated bar. Austenitic microstructure, granular, equiaxial, precipitation hardened (shadow in the grains).
31
VIEW
ML00105 / Jun.2018
Inconel 718 Bolt of Special Head
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - FastenerAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Austenite

+4 more from this case →

ML00089 — Inconel 718 Allen Bolt for Subsea ApplicationM - NiCrFe AlloyP - Machined PartAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
The macrography shows the longitudinal section of the allen bolt, 1/2" nominal diameter, that was machined from a heat treated bar (solution annealed and aged). The granular structure presents differences in the grain sizes. At the bolt head (external surface of the original bar) the austenitic grain size is larger than in the center of the bar where the particles in segregated bands "arrested" the grains during hot forming and solution annealing.
58
VIEW
ML00089 / Sep.2017
Inconel 718 Allen Bolt for Subsea Application
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - Machined PartAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Kalling Etched MacroDf - Machined Thread
The micrography of a longitudinal section of the bolt close to the surface, at the thread, shows that it was machined from a bar, not rolled.
37
VIEW
ML00089 / Sep.2017
Inconel 718 Allen Bolt for Subsea Application
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - Machined PartAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Machined Thread
The micrography of a longitudinal section of the bolt, in the center of the thickness (ND 1/2"), shows an equiaxial granular structure. Although the material was hardened by heat treatment (solution annealing and aging), the microstructure at this magnification does not reveal the intragranular precipitation.
34
VIEW
ML00089 / Sep.2017
Inconel 718 Allen Bolt for Subsea Application
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - Machined PartAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Equiaxial Grains
Micrographic detail of a longitudinal section of the bolt, in the center of the thickness (ND 1/2"). Although the material was hardened by heat treatment (solution annealing and aging), the microstructure observed by optical microscopy does not reveal the intragranular precipitation.
33
VIEW
ML00089 / Sep.2017
Inconel 718 Allen Bolt for Subsea Application
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - Machined PartAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Kalling Etched MacroDf - Austenite
The micrography of a longitudinal section, at the bolt head close to the surface of the original bar. In this region the material increased the grain size due to the lack of particles (inclusions), to "arrest" the grain boundaries (during hot forming and solution annealing). The smaller grain size is located in the center of the bar, that concentrated the inclusions.
30
VIEW
ML00089 / Sep.2017
Inconel 718 Allen Bolt for Subsea Application
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - Machined PartAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Kalling Etched MacroDf - Dual grain sizes

+1 more from this case →

ML00041 — Fatigue Fracture of Inconel 718 Spline ShaftM - NiCrFe AlloyP - ShaftAp - Oil and GasCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
xx
117
VIEW
ML00041 / Jun.2017
Fatigue Fracture of Inconel 718 Spline Shaft
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - ShaftAp - Oil and GasCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - At the Surface
Macroscopic aspect of the 1" shaft fracture surface, revealing beach marks at the surface typical of fatigue, initiated from the surface of the spline shaft at the gear position.
120
VIEW
ML00041 / Jun.2017
Fatigue Fracture of Inconel 718 Spline Shaft
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - ShaftAp - Oil and GasCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Fatigue Fracture
SEM fractograph at 1200x magnification showing an intergranular fracture surface with angular, faceted grains and fine feather-like markings.
86
VIEW
ML00041 / Jun.2017
Fatigue Fracture of Inconel 718 Spline Shaft
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - ShaftAp - Oil and GasCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - Fractography by SEMDf - Fatigue Fracture
Microscopic detail of the transgranular striation in the fracture surface.
78
VIEW
ML00041 / Jun.2017
Fatigue Fracture of Inconel 718 Spline Shaft
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - ShaftAp - Oil and GasCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - Fractography by SEMDf - Fatigue Fracture
The micrography of a transverse section of the shaft shows the granular austenitic structure close to the surface of the shaft.
67
VIEW
ML00041 / Jun.2017
Fatigue Fracture of Inconel 718 Spline Shaft
M - NiCrFe AlloyP - ShaftAp - Oil and GasCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - At the Surface

+7 more from this case →

ML00011 — Intergranular SCC of Pure NickelM - Unalloyed NickelP - Wrought FittingAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Stress Corrosion
The fitting presented through wall cracks that lead to leaking. The internal aspect of the surface is presented where the cracks were still in the begining.
127
VIEW
ML00011 / Oct.2017
Intergranular SCC of Pure Nickel
M - Unalloyed NickelP - Wrought FittingAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Crack
Microstructure of the fitting in the transverse section, presenting a granular Ni austenitic structure. No evidences of any phase in the grain boundaries.
113
VIEW
ML00011 / Oct.2017
Intergranular SCC of Pure Nickel
M - Unalloyed NickelP - Wrought FittingAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Austenite
Microstructure of the fitting in the transverse section, presenting a granular Ni austenitic structure. No evidences of any phase in the grain boundaries.
110
VIEW
ML00011 / Oct.2017
Intergranular SCC of Pure Nickel
M - Unalloyed NickelP - Wrought FittingAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Austenite
Microstructure of the fitting in the transverse section, presenting a granular Ni austenitic structure. No evidences of any phase in the grain boundaries.
96
VIEW
ML00011 / Oct.2017
Intergranular SCC of Pure Nickel
M - Unalloyed NickelP - Wrought FittingAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Austenite
After opening the crack the fracture surface presented different aspects close to the internal surface and through the wall propagation. Intergranular at the surface, showing intergranular SCC mechanism, and transgranular with striation, showing the contribution of pulsing loads.
101
VIEW
ML00011 / Oct.2017
Intergranular SCC of Pure Nickel
M - Unalloyed NickelP - Wrought FittingAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Fractography by SEMDf - Through Wall Cracking

+7 more from this case →