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Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

Microstructure: Tempered Martensite clear all

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5CT 15D 45L 1

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Fracture position at the pipe body, about 1 meter from the tool joint end. The fracture presented two main aspects, a flat fracture transverse to the pipe axis, that propagated by fatigue through almost 50% of the pipe perimeter, and a final fracture by shear overloading.
560
VIEW
ML00169 / Nov.2020
Drill Pipe Fracture in the Pipe Body
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Lateral image of a collapsed API 5D grade S135 drill pipe, presenting the fractured region (bottom of the figure) at the pipe body. Although the pipe steel is of a high strenght, the fracture characteristic is ductile, evidencing strong plastic deformation.
545
VIEW
ML00159 / Mar.2020
Collapse of a Drill Pipe
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Ductile Behavior
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Aspect of the fracture surface of the pin, still assembled in the box (that is externally to the pin). The pin fracture is flat, presenting radial marks.
791
VIEW
ML00088 / Dec.2017
Hydrogen Cracking of an API 5D S135 Drill Pipe
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - SubseaCd - Hydrogen Embrittlement
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Brittle Fracture
The macrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe and connector, at the welded joint, shows that the welding was conducted from both side of the groove, starting from the ID and finishing from the OD, ID later machined flush. The cracking was detected by ultrasonic test and the macro shows that it is at the fusion line, growthing into the weld metal. See the schematic drawing in the next figure
535
VIEW
ML00072 / Jan.2018
Liquation Cracks in a High Strength Joint
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Longitudinal Section
Aspect of the washout in the 5" drill pipe, in the pipe body, before cleaning the surface.
683
VIEW
ML00068 / Sep.2020
Corrosion Fatigue of a 5" Drill Pipe
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Seamless PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - At the Surface
13Cr SS longitudinal section micrography, at the collapsed region, showing a ferritic matrix structure (overtempered) with the previous austenite grain boundaries decorated by phases (carbides and probably martensite islands), indicating that the material was exposed to a high tempering temperature that created a partial austenitizing condition. It explains the material low toughness and lower strenght (than required).
436
VIEW
ML00039 / Apr.2017
Collapse in Tubular 13Cr
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Heat Treatment Defect
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Longitudinal Section

More from these cases

ML00169 — Drill Pipe Fracture in the Pipe BodyM - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Pipe fracture, flat, at the region of subcritical crack growth.
68
VIEW
ML00169 / Nov.2020
Drill Pipe Fracture in the Pipe Body
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Fatigue Fracture
This figure presents the location of the fracture at about 1 meter from the tool joint pin side. Close to the fracture the pipe presented several circunferential scratches created by the fishing of the broken piece after the fracture.
58
VIEW
ML00169 / Nov.2020
Drill Pipe Fracture in the Pipe Body
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Fracture appearance in the side that was not damaged by the fishing, showing the two aspects of the fracture propagation, half by fatigue and half by shearing overloading.
48
VIEW
ML00169 / Nov.2020
Drill Pipe Fracture in the Pipe Body
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Fracture
Micrography presenting a uniform and refined tempered martensitic structure.
39
VIEW
ML00169 / Nov.2020
Drill Pipe Fracture in the Pipe Body
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Uniform Structure
Micrography presenting a uniform and refined tempered martensitic structure.
39
VIEW
ML00169 / Nov.2020
Drill Pipe Fracture in the Pipe Body
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite

+18 more from this case →

ML00159 — Collapse of a Drill PipeM - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Ductile Behavior
Tempered martensite of the pipe body of this API 5D grade S135 drill pipe. The material presents, at this low magnification micrographic aspect, a slightly banded structure, usual for this type of drill pipe.
58
VIEW
ML00159 / Mar.2020
Collapse of a Drill Pipe
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Ductile Behavior
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Banded Structure
Micrographic detail of the tempered martensite in the longitudinal section of the pipe body. Uniform structure.
44
VIEW
ML00159 / Mar.2020
Collapse of a Drill Pipe
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Ductile Behavior
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
Micrographic detail of the tempered martensite in the longitudinal section of the pipe body.
39
VIEW
ML00159 / Mar.2020
Collapse of a Drill Pipe
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Ductile Behavior
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
Macroscopic view of the fracture in the pipe body. In the bottom of the figure, the fracture of the pipe shows a thicker thickness, revealing that this is the pipe region that was first damaged by bending (buckling). In the top of the figure, the fracture shows a (ductile) shearing mechanism and the thickness is thinner, as will be better observed in the macrography.
39
VIEW
ML00159 / Mar.2020
Collapse of a Drill Pipe
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Ductile Behavior
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Fracture
Macrography of a longitudinal section of the pipe at the fracture position, as ground, showing in the rigth side the thicker thickness and several secondary cracks opened to the external side of the pipe (created during bending), and in the left side the shearing mechanism and the thinner thickness.
39
VIEW
ML00159 / Mar.2020
Collapse of a Drill Pipe
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Ductile Behavior
Cm - Longitudinal Section AspectDf - Plastic Deformation

+10 more from this case →

ML00088 — Hydrogen Cracking of an API 5D S135 Drill PipeM - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - SubseaCd - Hydrogen Embrittlement
Micrographic detail of the quenched and tempered martensitic structure of the pin tool joint.
83
VIEW
ML00088 / Dec.2017
Hydrogen Cracking of an API 5D S135 Drill Pipe
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - SubseaCd - Hydrogen Embrittlement
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
Macrography of the longitudinal section of the tool joint, assembled. The pin is still attached to the box end of the other drill pipe in the column, showing that the pin fractured in the region of external diameter transition (right side of the figure), where the box was probably touching the pin shoulder. Interesting to note that the inner diameter still presents a sound coating.
73
VIEW
ML00088 / Dec.2017
Hydrogen Cracking of an API 5D S135 Drill Pipe
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - SubseaCd - Hydrogen Embrittlement
Cm - Longitudinal Section AspectDf - Longitudinal Section
Visual aspect of the tool joint (TJ) that fractured in the pin body when it was assembled (the box appears as a sleeve in the pin OD). The internal coating is not damaged. The fracture is flat and presents little evidences of plastic deformation, indicating that the pin broke in a brittle way.
69
VIEW
ML00088 / Dec.2017
Hydrogen Cracking of an API 5D S135 Drill Pipe
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - SubseaCd - Hydrogen Embrittlement
Cm - Aspect by NDTDf - Brittle Fracture
Detail of the flat fracture surface of the pin, after disassembling from the TJ box. ID in the top and OD in the bottom of the figure. Radial marks are clear in the fracture surface.
57
VIEW
ML00088 / Dec.2017
Hydrogen Cracking of an API 5D S135 Drill Pipe
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - SubseaCd - Hydrogen Embrittlement
Cm - Fracture Surface AspectDf - Brittle Fracture
Fractographic analysis of the pin fracture surface showing inter and transgranular morphologies of fracture micromechanisms.
53
VIEW
ML00088 / Dec.2017
Hydrogen Cracking of an API 5D S135 Drill Pipe
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Drill PipeAp - SubseaCd - Hydrogen Embrittlement
Cm - Fractography by SEMDf - Brittle Fracture

+6 more from this case →

ML00072 — Liquation Cracks in a High Strength JointM - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Schematic drawing presenting the longitudinal section of the pipe and connector at the welded joint
105
VIEW
ML00072 / Jan.2018
Liquation Cracks in a High Strength Joint
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Identification drawingDf - Longitudinal Section
Hot cracking at the fusion line of the connector side, in a welded joint between a forging and a pipe, in a macrographic sample. The region of the heat affected zone of the connector presents a dendritic aspect suggesting that the forging reduction rate of the connector was not too high and did not broke the cast structure.
110
VIEW
ML00072 / Jan.2018
Liquation Cracks in a High Strength Joint
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Welded Joint
The connector was welded to the pipe from both (internal and external) sides, a PWHT was applied and the part was machined. The UT indication was detected during final inspection.
78
VIEW
ML00072 / Jan.2018
Liquation Cracks in a High Strength Joint
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Micrography of the welded joint fusion line presenting the liquation cracking. The weld metal is in the right side (bottom) and the forged connector heat affected zone is in the left side (top).
83
VIEW
ML00072 / Jan.2018
Liquation Cracks in a High Strength Joint
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Cracking
The liquation crack is a hot crack in the base metal (at the HAZ) that induces a solidification crack in the weld metal.
66
VIEW
ML00072 / Jan.2018
Liquation Cracks in a High Strength Joint
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Longitudinal Seam Welded PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Weld Metal

+11 more from this case →

ML00068 — Corrosion Fatigue of a 5" Drill PipeM - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Seamless PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Aspect of the washout in the 5" drill pipe, in the pipe body, after cleaning the surface. The surface presents several parallel tool marks that are not typical in the pipe since the torque is applied in the tool joint.
195
VIEW
ML00068 / Sep.2020
Corrosion Fatigue of a 5" Drill Pipe
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Seamless PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Surface AspectDf - At the Surface
The longitudinal section of the 1/2" thick pipe close to the washout position shows that the external tool marks are like notches that are corroded and cracks are iniciating from the corroded regions. The top of the figure presents the external pipe surface and the bottom of the figure presents the internal pipe surface, with a green coating and the rusted washout.
154
VIEW
ML00068 / Sep.2020
Corrosion Fatigue of a 5" Drill Pipe
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Seamless PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Longitudinal Section
Macrography of the longitudinal section of the pipe presenting multiple cracks from the tool marks.
122
VIEW
ML00068 / Sep.2020
Corrosion Fatigue of a 5" Drill Pipe
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Seamless PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Cracks Transverse to the Surface
The microstructure of the pipe, presented in a longitudinal section, is an uniform tempered martensite.
105
VIEW
ML00068 / Sep.2020
Corrosion Fatigue of a 5" Drill Pipe
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Seamless PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
The micrography in the as polished condition of the longitudinal section of the pipe close to the washout, shows that at the tool mark tip (notch from the external surface) a fatigue crack already started from a corroded region (pitting).
187
VIEW
ML00068 / Sep.2020
Corrosion Fatigue of a 5" Drill Pipe
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Seamless PipeAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Pitting

+3 more from this case →

ML00039 — Collapse in Tubular 13CrM - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Heat Treatment Defect
13Cr SS in the longitudinal section, at the collapsed region. Non uniform structure (ferritic matrix and decorated prior austenite grain boundaries) that evidences an usuitable heat treatment during fabrication, and explains the material low strenght.
53
VIEW
ML00039 / Apr.2017
Collapse in Tubular 13Cr
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Heat Treatment Defect
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Longitudinal Section
13Cr SS in the longitudinal section, at the collapsed region. Detail of the non uniform structure (ferritic matrix and decorated prior austenite grain boundaries) that evidences an usuitable heat treatment during fabrication, and explains the material low strenght.
48
VIEW
ML00039 / Apr.2017
Collapse in Tubular 13Cr
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Heat Treatment Defect
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Prior Austenite Boundaries Decorated
13Cr SS in the transverse section, at the collapsed region, showing a non uniform structure that evidences an usuitable heat treatment during fabrication, and explains the material low strenght.
29
VIEW
ML00039 / Apr.2017
Collapse in Tubular 13Cr
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Heat Treatment Defect
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Transverse Section
13Cr SS transverse section micrography, at the collapsed region, showing a ferritic matrix structure (overtempered) with the previous austenite grain boundaries decorated by phases (carbides and probably martensite islands), indicating that the material was exposed to a high tempering temperature that created a partial austenitizing condition. It explains the material low toughness and lower strenght (than required).
29
VIEW
ML00039 / Apr.2017
Collapse in Tubular 13Cr
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Heat Treatment Defect
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Transverse Section
The micrography of the 13Cr SS in the transverse section, at the collapsed region, shows a ferritic matrix structure (overtempered) with the previous austenite grain boundaries decorated by phases (carbides and probably martensite islands), indicating that the material was exposed to a high tempering temperature that created a partial austenitizing condition. It explains the material low toughness and lower strenght (than required).
32
VIEW
ML00039 / Apr.2017
Collapse in Tubular 13Cr
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Heat Treatment Defect
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Overtempered Structure

+3 more from this case →