Non Ferrous Alloys

31 cases · 243 images

Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

Capture method: Optical Microscope clear all

Non Ferrous Alloys — sub-branches

Aluminum Alloy 6Copper Alloy 9Nickel Alloy 10Titanium Alloy 6

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The wheel microstructure changed a little depending the thickness. In the region of WHEEL 1 fracture and WHEEL 2 cracking, it presented an alpha matrix with a networklike precipitates interdendritic.
46
VIEW
ML00183 / Dec.2022
Ductile Behavior of an Aluminum Wheel
M - Aluminum Silicon MagnesiumP - CastingAp - AutomotiveCd - Ductile Behavior
Cm - Keller Etched Micrography by OMDf - Hypoeutetic
Micrographic aspect of the tube out of the damaged region, in a longitudinal section, showing the grain refined copper structure.
96
VIEW
ML00180 / Mar.2022
Local Melting of Copper Cooling Tubes
M - Pure CopperP - Cooling TubeAp - SiderurgyCd - Overheating
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+H2O Etched MicroDf - In the Center of the Thickness
Low magnification micrography transverse to the fillet weld in the pipe. The pipe base metal is to the bottom of the figure and the weld metal is to the top. The heat affected zone in the middle, shows a coarse grain size structure.
59
VIEW
ML00179 / Feb.2022
Hydrides in Titanium Weld
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - In Field WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Kroll Etched Micrography by OMDf - Welded Joint
In a cut perpendicular to the macroscopic secondary crack it is possible to see several brittle microcracks (branched), indicating that an embrittlement has occurred.
22
VIEW
ML00176 / Nov.2021
Hydride Formation in a Titanium Blade
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - BladeAp - Oil and GasCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Brittle Cracks
Uniform granular microstructure of the aluminum brass, monophasic alpha.
44
VIEW
ML00170 / Sep.2020
MIC in Aluminum Brass Tubes
M - Aluminum BrassP - Seamless tubeAp - MaritimeCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+Ethanol Etched MicroDf - Alpha
Low magnification micrography of a transverse section of the ring showing a dendritic structure.
64
VIEW
ML00166 / Jul.2020
Tin Bronze Wear Ring of Seawater Pump
M - Tin BronzeP - Wear RingAp - ShipCd - Removed From Service
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+H2O Etched MicroDf - Dendritic
Micrography of the tranverse section of the tube, in the center of the thickness. There are small grains and large grains, characterizing a dual grain size. The large grains size is about 100 microns, more than 10 times larger than the average size of the smaller grains size.
101
VIEW
ML00165 / Jul.2020
SCC of Aluminum Bronze Heating Coil
M - Aluminum BronzeP - Seamless tubeAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+H2O Etched MicroDf - Dual grain sizes
Metallographic aspect of the polished surface of the (back of the) coaster, showing pores and shrinkages, typical of a casting structure.
49
VIEW
ML00156 / Jan.2020
Antique Silver Plated Decorative Piece
M - BrassP - Decorative PieceAp - OrnamentalCd - Non Destructive Examination
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Casting Structure

More from these cases

ML00183 — Ductile Behavior of an Aluminum WheelM - Aluminum Silicon MagnesiumP - CastingAp - AutomotiveCd - Ductile Behavior
Detail of the alpha matrix with an eutectic networklike precipitates, interdendritic. Presence of acicular iron rich phases (dark gray).
51
VIEW
ML00183 / Dec.2022
Ductile Behavior of an Aluminum Wheel
M - Aluminum Silicon MagnesiumP - CastingAp - AutomotiveCd - Ductile Behavior
Cm - Keller Etched Micrography by OMDf - Networklike precipitates
Micrography transverse to the fracture surface of the WHEEL 1. The fracture is in the up right position of the photo and it can be observed a secondary cracking following the interdendritic precipitates.
33
VIEW
ML00183 / Dec.2022
Ductile Behavior of an Aluminum Wheel
M - Aluminum Silicon MagnesiumP - CastingAp - AutomotiveCd - Ductile Behavior
Cm - Keller Etched Micrography by OMDf - Radial Section
Micrographic detail of the secondary crack from the fracture surface of the WHEEL 1, following the interdendritic precipitates.
36
VIEW
ML00183 / Dec.2022
Ductile Behavior of an Aluminum Wheel
M - Aluminum Silicon MagnesiumP - CastingAp - AutomotiveCd - Ductile Behavior
Cm - Keller Etched Micrography by OMDf - Fracture
Dendritic branching structure of the aluminum matrix, with fine interdendritic features visible against a darker surrounding phase.
2
VIEW
ML00183 / Dec.2022
Ductile Behavior of an Aluminum Wheel
M - Aluminum Silicon MagnesiumP - CastingAp - AutomotiveCd - Ductile Behavior
Cm - Keller Etched Micrography by OMDf - Crack
ML00180 — Local Melting of Copper Cooling TubesM - Pure CopperP - Cooling TubeAp - SiderurgyCd - Overheating
Micrographic detail of the granular copper structure, a little far from the overheated region.
102
VIEW
ML00180 / Mar.2022
Local Melting of Copper Cooling Tubes
M - Pure CopperP - Cooling TubeAp - SiderurgyCd - Overheating
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+H2O Etched MicroDf - Granular structure
Micrographic detail of the granular copper structure, out of the damaged area. The dark particles are non metallic (oxides).
93
VIEW
ML00180 / Mar.2022
Local Melting of Copper Cooling Tubes
M - Pure CopperP - Cooling TubeAp - SiderurgyCd - Overheating
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+H2O Etched MicroDf - Granular structure
Micrographic aspect, as polished, of a transverse section of the tube (bottom side of the image, orange), at the interface between the tube and the melted steel over the external diameter (top side of the image, grey). In the copper tube there are several microcracks and regions of incipient melting (voids).
41
VIEW
ML00180 / Mar.2022
Local Melting of Copper Cooling Tubes
M - Pure CopperP - Cooling TubeAp - SiderurgyCd - Overheating
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Cracks
Micrographic aspect of the tube wall under the localized thinning, in a transverse section, showing a coarse structure due to high temperature grain growth.
37
VIEW
ML00180 / Mar.2022
Local Melting of Copper Cooling Tubes
M - Pure CopperP - Cooling TubeAp - SiderurgyCd - Overheating
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+H2O Etched MicroDf - Overheating
Micrographic detail of the high temperature grain growth in the tube microstructure.
31
VIEW
ML00180 / Mar.2022
Local Melting of Copper Cooling Tubes
M - Pure CopperP - Cooling TubeAp - SiderurgyCd - Overheating
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+H2O Etched MicroDf - Coarse Structure

+6 more from this case →

ML00179 — Hydrides in Titanium WeldM - Unalloyed TitaniumP - In Field WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Hydride Formation
Low magnification micrography showing the weld metal, full of pores, indicating that the field welding was not properly shileded.
50
VIEW
ML00179 / Feb.2022
Hydrides in Titanium Weld
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - In Field WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Kroll Etched Micrography by OMDf - Weld Metal
Granular alpha structure of the pipe base metal.
49
VIEW
ML00179 / Feb.2022
Hydrides in Titanium Weld
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - In Field WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Kroll Etched Micrography by OMDf - Alpha
Coarse grains in the heat affected zone.
46
VIEW
ML00179 / Feb.2022
Hydrides in Titanium Weld
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - In Field WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Kroll Etched Micrography by OMDf - Heat Affected Zone
Micrography of the weld metal at the fillet weld where the cracking started, showing several brittle microcracks that corresponds to the regions where the fractography showed secondary crackis.
35
VIEW
ML00179 / Feb.2022
Hydrides in Titanium Weld
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - In Field WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Kroll Etched Micrography by OMDf - Weld Metal
Micrographic detail of the weld metal brittle microcracks, in regions with hydrides formation.
32
VIEW
ML00179 / Feb.2022
Hydrides in Titanium Weld
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - In Field WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Kroll Etched Micrography by OMDf - Weld Metal

+10 more from this case →

ML00176 — Hydride Formation in a Titanium BladeM - Unalloyed TitaniumP - BladeAp - Oil and GasCd - Hydride Formation
The main crack is to the top and the blade surface is to the right, in this micrography that does not reveal any plastic deformation, with transgranular and integranular cracks.
24
VIEW
ML00176 / Nov.2021
Hydride Formation in a Titanium Blade
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - BladeAp - Oil and GasCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Micrography by OM, HF + HNO3 + H2O etchDf - Brittle Fracture
Transgranular and integranular cracks in the alpha matrix full of acicular hydrides .
17
VIEW
ML00176 / Nov.2021
Hydride Formation in a Titanium Blade
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - BladeAp - Oil and GasCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Micrography by OM, HF + HNO3 + H2O etchDf - Hydride Formation
ML00170 — MIC in Aluminum Brass TubesM - Aluminum BrassP - Seamless tubeAp - MaritimeCd - Preferential Dissolution
Micrographic detail of the granular structure of the aluminum brass, monophasic alpha.
44
VIEW
ML00170 / Sep.2020
MIC in Aluminum Brass Tubes
M - Aluminum BrassP - Seamless tubeAp - MaritimeCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+Ethanol Etched MicroDf - Alpha
Micrography of a transverse section of the tube, close to the leakage point. The thickness is localized reduced where the internal passive layer was ruptured, and the chemical effect of the biological proliferation created a high corrosion rate.
26
VIEW
ML00170 / Sep.2020
MIC in Aluminum Brass Tubes
M - Aluminum BrassP - Seamless tubeAp - MaritimeCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+Ethanol Etched MicroDf - Localized Thinning
Micrography of a transverse section of the tube at the localized reduced thickness point. Close to the internal surface.
28
VIEW
ML00170 / Sep.2020
MIC in Aluminum Brass Tubes
M - Aluminum BrassP - Seamless tubeAp - MaritimeCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+Ethanol Etched MicroDf - Internal Surface
Micrographic detail of a transverse section of the tube at the localized reduced thickness point. Close to the internal surface.
26
VIEW
ML00170 / Sep.2020
MIC in Aluminum Brass Tubes
M - Aluminum BrassP - Seamless tubeAp - MaritimeCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+Ethanol Etched MicroDf - Internal Surface
MIC in Aluminum Brass Tubes
2
VIEW
ML00170 / Sep.2020
MIC in Aluminum Brass Tubes
M - Aluminum BrassP - Seamless tubeAp - MaritimeCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+Ethanol Etched MicroDf - Localized Corrosion

+1 more from this case →

ML00166 — Tin Bronze Wear Ring of Seawater PumpM - Tin BronzeP - Wear RingAp - ShipCd - Removed From Service
Micrography of a transverse section of the ring showing a cored alpha structure with segregation at interdendritic regions. This structure is in a region close to the ring surface.
52
VIEW
ML00166 / Jul.2020
Tin Bronze Wear Ring of Seawater Pump
M - Tin BronzeP - Wear RingAp - ShipCd - Removed From Service
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+H2O Etched MicroDf - Dendritic
Micrography of a transverse section of the ring showing a cored alpha structure with strong segregation at interdendritic regions, and regions of a white structure at grain boundaries. This structure is in a region close to the center of the ring.
51
VIEW
ML00166 / Jul.2020
Tin Bronze Wear Ring of Seawater Pump
M - Tin BronzeP - Wear RingAp - ShipCd - Removed From Service
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+H2O Etched MicroDf - Dendritic
Micrographic detail of the cored alpha structure with light segregation at intergranular regions (light layer at grain boundaries), and a white euctetoid structure (alpha and delta) at interdendritic space. This structure is in a region close to the ring surface, where the solidification was quicker.
49
VIEW
ML00166 / Jul.2020
Tin Bronze Wear Ring of Seawater Pump
M - Tin BronzeP - Wear RingAp - ShipCd - Removed From Service
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+H2O Etched MicroDf - Grain boundary intermetallics
Micrographic detail of the cored alpha structure with strong segregation at intergranular regions (dark layer at grain boundaries), and a white euctetoid structure (alpha and delta) at interdendritic space. This structure is in a region close to the center of the ring, where the solidification was slower.
47
VIEW
ML00166 / Jul.2020
Tin Bronze Wear Ring of Seawater Pump
M - Tin BronzeP - Wear RingAp - ShipCd - Removed From Service
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+H2O Etched MicroDf - Grain boundary intermetallics
Tin Bronze Wear Ring of Seawater Pump
2
VIEW
ML00166 / Jul.2020
Tin Bronze Wear Ring of Seawater Pump
M - Tin BronzeP - Wear RingAp - ShipCd - Removed From Service
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+H2O Etched MicroDf - General View

+1 more from this case →

ML00165 — SCC of Aluminum Bronze Heating CoilM - Aluminum BronzeP - Seamless tubeAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Micrographic detail of the alpha microstructure presenting dual grain sizes. Two different types of twins are presented in the structure: annealing twins and deformation twins, suggesting that the material was probably partially recristalized after cold deformation and stress relief treatment.
87
VIEW
ML00165 / Jul.2020
SCC of Aluminum Bronze Heating Coil
M - Aluminum BronzeP - Seamless tubeAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+H2O Etched MicroDf - Alpha
Micrography of a transverse section of the bent tube, external surface (OD) to the top and internal surface (ID) to the bottom of the figure. At the through wall cracking position, the external surface presented a layer of intergranular corrosion.
95
VIEW
ML00165 / Jul.2020
SCC of Aluminum Bronze Heating Coil
M - Aluminum BronzeP - Seamless tubeAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Cracking
Micrographic detail of the external side of the bent tube, as polished, showing detachement of several grains due to the intergranular corrosion layer. The corroded layer is about 200 microns thick at this position.
89
VIEW
ML00165 / Jul.2020
SCC of Aluminum Bronze Heating Coil
M - Aluminum BronzeP - Seamless tubeAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Intergranular Corrosion
Micrographic detail of the external side of the tube, showing the layer of intergranular corrosion and the through ewall integranular stress corrosion cracking.
88
VIEW
ML00165 / Jul.2020
SCC of Aluminum Bronze Heating Coil
M - Aluminum BronzeP - Seamless tubeAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Through Wall Cracking
Micrography of the external side of the bent tube, showing detachement of several grains due to intergranular corrosion. The corroded layer is about 200 microns thick at this position. The differences of colours in the corroded layer suggests a dealloying effect, also known as selective leaching.
71
VIEW
ML00165 / Jul.2020
SCC of Aluminum Bronze Heating Coil
M - Aluminum BronzeP - Seamless tubeAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+H2O Etched MicroDf - External Surface

+4 more from this case →

ML00156 — Antique Silver Plated Decorative PieceM - BrassP - Decorative PieceAp - OrnamentalCd - Non Destructive Examination
Same region of the previous image but is a higher magnification, showing the metallographic aspect of the polished surface of the (back of the) coaster. Shrinkage with a dendritic morphology typical of a casting structure.
48
VIEW
ML00156 / Jan.2020
Antique Silver Plated Decorative Piece
M - BrassP - Decorative PieceAp - OrnamentalCd - Non Destructive Examination
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Voids
Low magnification metallography of the coaster after etching, revealing a casting structure of alpha plus beta phases. Beta is the dark brown matrix phase and alpha is the dendritic yellow phase.
45
VIEW
ML00156 / Jan.2020
Antique Silver Plated Decorative Piece
M - BrassP - Decorative PieceAp - OrnamentalCd - Non Destructive Examination
Cm - NH4OH+H2O+H2O2 Etched MicroDf - Alpha and Beta
Metallography of the coaster after etching, revealing a casting structure of alpha plus beta phases. Beta is the dark brown matrix phase and alpha is the dendritic yellow phase.
48
VIEW
ML00156 / Jan.2020
Antique Silver Plated Decorative Piece
M - BrassP - Decorative PieceAp - OrnamentalCd - Non Destructive Examination
Cm - NH4OH+H2O+H2O2 Etched MicroDf - Alpha and Beta
High magnification metallography of the coaster after etching, revealing a casting structure of alpha plus beta phases. Beta is the dark brown matrix phase and alpha is the dendritic yellow phase. The non destructive preparation created a metallographic surface not well polished (full of grinding scratches).
48
VIEW
ML00156 / Jan.2020
Antique Silver Plated Decorative Piece
M - BrassP - Decorative PieceAp - OrnamentalCd - Non Destructive Examination
Cm - NH4OH+H2O+H2O2 Etched MicroDf - Alpha and Beta