Carbon Steel

31 cases · 291 images

Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

Capture method: Optical Microscope clear all

Carbon Steel — sub-branches

High Carbon Steel 4Low Carbon Steel 21Medium Carbon Steel 6

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Micrography of the thread at the valve body surface, showing localized dissolution of the thread.
73
VIEW
ML00184 / Apr.2023
Dissimilar Steels in a Threaded Connection
M - Low Carbon SteelP - ForgingAp - OffshoreCd - Localized Dissolution
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Corroded Thread
Low magnification micrography of a strain hardened pearlitic structure, in a longitudinal section, of one 3.2mm round wire of one strand.
62
VIEW
ML00175 / Aug.2021
Localized External Wear of a Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Wear
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Longitudinal Section
Metallographic image of a longitudinal section of the clamp (axis in the vertical direction), showing a refined ferritic perlitic structure.
34
VIEW
ML00171 / Feb.2021
Corrosion Fatigue of U Bolt Pipe Clamp
M - Low Carbon SteelP - BoltAp - ShipCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Longitudinal Section
The tube microstructure is ferritic-pearlitic, typical of this kind of material. No evidences of microstrutural changes were detected (no overheating, no decarburization).
177
VIEW
ML00163 / Jun.2020
Corrosion Fatigue of a Boiler Waterwall Tube
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - BoilerCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite
Micrography of the wheel in the center of the thickness. The material presents a coarse structure.
88
VIEW
ML00158 / Feb.2020
Surface Hardened Carbon Steel Wheel
M - High Carbon SteelP - WheelAp - TransportationCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - In the Center of the Thickness
Micrography of a wire in a longitudinal section, presenting a predominantly oearlitic structure, highly strained. The wires did not present any coating.
104
VIEW
ML00155 / Jan.2020
Failure of a Prestressed Concrete Steel Strand
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - StructureCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Longitudinal Section
Micrography of a transverse section of the seamless pipe, presenting a ferritic-pearlitic structure.
84
VIEW
ML00149 / Dec.2018
Vibration Induced Fatigue in a Gas Piping
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Piping spoolAp - FPSOCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite
Micrography of the plate in a section, showing a ferritic-pearlitic microstructure in the middle of the thickness.
84
VIEW
ML00143 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 Plate
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite

More from these cases

ML00184 — Dissimilar Steels in a Threaded ConnectionM - Low Carbon SteelP - ForgingAp - OffshoreCd - Localized Dissolution
Micrography of the valve body carbon steel thread, in the valley. Ferritic-bainitic structure.
77
VIEW
ML00184 / Apr.2023
Dissimilar Steels in a Threaded Connection
M - Low Carbon SteelP - ForgingAp - OffshoreCd - Localized Dissolution
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Transverse Section
Micrographic detail of the valve body carbon steel thread, in the valley. Ferritic-bainitic structure.
69
VIEW
ML00184 / Apr.2023
Dissimilar Steels in a Threaded Connection
M - Low Carbon SteelP - ForgingAp - OffshoreCd - Localized Dissolution
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Bainitic Ferrite
Micrography of the valve body carbon steel thread, in the peak. Ferritic-bainitic structure.
64
VIEW
ML00184 / Apr.2023
Dissimilar Steels in a Threaded Connection
M - Low Carbon SteelP - ForgingAp - OffshoreCd - Localized Dissolution
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Corroded Thread
Micrographic detail of the valve body carbon steel thread, in the peak. Ferritic-bainitic structure.
55
VIEW
ML00184 / Apr.2023
Dissimilar Steels in a Threaded Connection
M - Low Carbon SteelP - ForgingAp - OffshoreCd - Localized Dissolution
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Corroded Thread
Cross-section near a threaded surface showing an acicular matrix structure bordered by a dark, layered corrosion/oxide band along the thread root.
1
VIEW
ML00184 / Apr.2023
Dissimilar Steels in a Threaded Connection
M - Low Carbon SteelP - ForgingAp - OffshoreCd - Localized Dissolution
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Oxide Layer
ML00175 — Localized External Wear of a Wire RopeM - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Wear
Highly strain hardened pearlitic structure of one external wire, 3.2mm diameter, of one strand.
55
VIEW
ML00175 / Aug.2021
Localized External Wear of a Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Wear
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Pearlite
Micrographic detail of the strain hardened pearlitic structure, in a longitudinal section, of a 3.2mm external round wire of one strand. This structure presented a hardness level about 500 HV (1kg), measured in the center of the thickness in the metallographic section.
47
VIEW
ML00175 / Aug.2021
Localized External Wear of a Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Wear
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Strain Hardened
Metallographic aspect of the wire surface in one strand external wire, showing the presence of oxides.
41
VIEW
ML00175 / Aug.2021
Localized External Wear of a Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Wear
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - At the Surface
Metallographic detail of the wire surface in one strand external wire, showing the presence of oxides.
39
VIEW
ML00175 / Aug.2021
Localized External Wear of a Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Wear
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Oxide Layer
Low magnification micrography of a strain hardened pearlitic structure, in a longitudinal section, of the 1.6mm round wire in the core.
34
VIEW
ML00175 / Aug.2021
Localized External Wear of a Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Wear
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Longitudinal Section

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ML00171 — Corrosion Fatigue of U Bolt Pipe ClampM - Low Carbon SteelP - BoltAp - ShipCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Metallographic detail of the longitudinal section of the clamp with a ferritic pearlitic structure.
32
VIEW
ML00171 / Feb.2021
Corrosion Fatigue of U Bolt Pipe Clamp
M - Low Carbon SteelP - BoltAp - ShipCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite
Metallographic detail of the ferritic perlitic structure.
31
VIEW
ML00171 / Feb.2021
Corrosion Fatigue of U Bolt Pipe Clamp
M - Low Carbon SteelP - BoltAp - ShipCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite
Metallographic aspect of a longitudinal section of the clamp, at the surface (left side of the image) showing a region where there are corrosion pits in the carbon steel clamp, due to the lack of protection by the coating, and the propagation of small transgranular cracks from to the surface.
30
VIEW
ML00171 / Feb.2021
Corrosion Fatigue of U Bolt Pipe Clamp
M - Low Carbon SteelP - BoltAp - ShipCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Crack
The clamp presented several cracks, parallel, transverse to the axis. The appearance of the cracks in the metallographic section shows that some cracks propagate and growth with a irregular path.
24
VIEW
ML00171 / Feb.2021
Corrosion Fatigue of U Bolt Pipe Clamp
M - Low Carbon SteelP - BoltAp - ShipCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Longitudinal Section
Metallographic aspect of the cracks showing that several microcracks join from different pits and growth through the section, in a transgranular morphologyy.
26
VIEW
ML00171 / Feb.2021
Corrosion Fatigue of U Bolt Pipe Clamp
M - Low Carbon SteelP - BoltAp - ShipCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Transgranular Cracking

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ML00163 — Corrosion Fatigue of a Boiler Waterwall TubeM - Low Carbon SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - BoilerCd - Corrosion Fatigue
The internal side of the tube presented multiple cracks, filled with oxides, blunt-tipped, typical of a corrosion fatigue cracking mechanism.
160
VIEW
ML00163 / Jun.2020
Corrosion Fatigue of a Boiler Waterwall Tube
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - BoilerCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Parallel cracks
Micrographic detail of the corrosion cracking from internal side of the tube, in several points at the tube surface.
156
VIEW
ML00163 / Jun.2020
Corrosion Fatigue of a Boiler Waterwall Tube
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - BoilerCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Corrosion Cracking
Low magnification micrography of the multiple cracks, parallel, transgranular. No evidences of microstrutural changes (heat evolution or decarburization).
127
VIEW
ML00163 / Jun.2020
Corrosion Fatigue of a Boiler Waterwall Tube
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - BoilerCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Transgranular Cracking
Micrography presenting the internal tube surface with several parallel cracks, some still in the beginning (less than 0.1 mm deep).
115
VIEW
ML00163 / Jun.2020
Corrosion Fatigue of a Boiler Waterwall Tube
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - BoilerCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Parallel cracks
Micrography of the crack tip, initiated from the internal tube surface. The crack is transgranular, filled with oxides and blunt-tipped.
109
VIEW
ML00163 / Jun.2020
Corrosion Fatigue of a Boiler Waterwall Tube
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - BoilerCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Transgranular Cracking

+9 more from this case →

ML00158 — Surface Hardened Carbon Steel WheelM - High Carbon SteelP - WheelAp - TransportationCd - Removed From Service
Micrography of the wheel in the center of the thickness, presenting a predominantly pearlitic structure and average hardness abot 196HB.
74
VIEW
ML00158 / Feb.2020
Surface Hardened Carbon Steel Wheel
M - High Carbon SteelP - WheelAp - TransportationCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Coarse Structure
Micrographic detail of the coarse pearlitic structure in the center of the wheel thickness. The part presents a wrought structure.
73
VIEW
ML00158 / Feb.2020
Surface Hardened Carbon Steel Wheel
M - High Carbon SteelP - WheelAp - TransportationCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Pearlite
Micrography of the wheel at the surface that was quenched and tempered. The material presents a tempered martensitic structure, with hardness that varied from 327HB to 363HB.
55
VIEW
ML00158 / Feb.2020
Surface Hardened Carbon Steel Wheel
M - High Carbon SteelP - WheelAp - TransportationCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - At the Surface
Micrography of the wheel at the hardened surface, presenting a refined martensitic structure, tempered for average hardness of 346 HB.
50
VIEW
ML00158 / Feb.2020
Surface Hardened Carbon Steel Wheel
M - High Carbon SteelP - WheelAp - TransportationCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - At the Surface
Micrographic detail of the tempered martensitic structure.
50
VIEW
ML00158 / Feb.2020
Surface Hardened Carbon Steel Wheel
M - High Carbon SteelP - WheelAp - TransportationCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite

+3 more from this case →

ML00155 — Failure of a Prestressed Concrete Steel StrandM - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - StructureCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Higher magnification detail of the predominantly pearlitic microstructure of the wire.
88
VIEW
ML00155 / Jan.2020
Failure of a Prestressed Concrete Steel Strand
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - StructureCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Predominantly Pearlitic
Micrography of a typical corroded wire, in a longitudinal section, showing loss of thickness by corrosion. The microstructure of the wire is predominantly pearlitic and the wire presents no coating, in any region.
54
VIEW
ML00155 / Jan.2020
Failure of a Prestressed Concrete Steel Strand
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - StructureCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Corrosion
Micrography of a typical corrosion-fatigue mechanism, in a longitudinal section. The loss of material is accelerated a lot by the cracks through the thickness.
42
VIEW
ML00155 / Jan.2020
Failure of a Prestressed Concrete Steel Strand
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - StructureCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Cracks
Micrography of a typical overloaded wire, in a longitudinal section, showing plastic deformation and necking at the fracture. About 25% of the wires have ruptured by this ductile mechanism.
34
VIEW
ML00155 / Jan.2020
Failure of a Prestressed Concrete Steel Strand
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - StructureCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ductile Fracture
Micrography of a typical as polished overloaded wire, in a longitudinal section, showing necking at the fracture and secondary ductile cracks. About 25% of the wires have ruptured by this ductile mechanism.
35
VIEW
ML00155 / Jan.2020
Failure of a Prestressed Concrete Steel Strand
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - StructureCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Ductile Fracture

+10 more from this case →

ML00149 — Vibration Induced Fatigue in a Gas PipingM - Low Carbon SteelP - Piping spoolAp - FPSOCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Micrography of a transverse section of the seamless pipe, presenting a ferritic-pearlitic structure.
70
VIEW
ML00149 / Dec.2018
Vibration Induced Fatigue in a Gas Piping
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Piping spoolAp - FPSOCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite
Micrography showing the cracking starting point, in the pipe, exactly at the margin of the weld.
292
VIEW
ML00149 / Dec.2018
Vibration Induced Fatigue in a Gas Piping
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Piping spoolAp - FPSOCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Margin of the Weld Crack
Micrographic detail of the cracking starting point, in the pipe, exactly at the margin of the weld.
33
VIEW
ML00149 / Dec.2018
Vibration Induced Fatigue in a Gas Piping
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Piping spoolAp - FPSOCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Fatigue Crack
Micrography of a section tranverse to the pipe and to the weld between the 8"pipe and the 2" fitting weldolet. The crack starts exactly at the margin of the weld and propagates in the pipe longitudinal direction, in a straight line, not related to any metallurgical aspect.
30
VIEW
ML00149 / Dec.2018
Vibration Induced Fatigue in a Gas Piping
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Piping spoolAp - FPSOCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Cracking
Micrographic detail of the fatigue crack propagation in the pipe longitudinal direction, in a straight line, not related to any metallurgical aspect.
29
VIEW
ML00149 / Dec.2018
Vibration Induced Fatigue in a Gas Piping
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Piping spoolAp - FPSOCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Fatigue Crack

+2 more from this case →

ML00143 — Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 PlateM - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Micrography of the plate in a section, showing a ferritic-pearlitic microstructure in the middle of the thickness, in a position where the plate was not affected by the shot.
65
VIEW
ML00143 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 Plate
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite
Micrographic detail of the plate in a section, showing a ferritic-pearlitic microstructure in the middle of the thickness.
66
VIEW
ML00143 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 Plate
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite
Micrographic detail of the ferritic-pearlitic microstructure.
53
VIEW
ML00143 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 Plate
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite
Micrographic detail of the plate section, as polished, close to the surface that suffered the impact. The plate material deformed during the perforation,
31
VIEW
ML00143 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 Plate
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Transverse Section
Micrographic detail of the plate section, as polished, close to the surface that suffered the impact. The copper alloy melted and created a yellow-orange deposit.
23
VIEW
ML00143 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 Plate
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Melted film

+22 more from this case →