Sampling and Analysis

7 cases · 38 images

Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

Condition: High Temperature Capture method: Optical Microscope clear all

Sampling and Analysis — sub-branches

At the Surface 4Base Metal 3Close to the External Surface 11Close to the Internal Surface 8Heat Affected Zone 1In the Center of the Thickness 4Low Mag 4Transverse Section 2Weld Metal 1

Results

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Micrographic aspect of the tube out of the damaged region, in a longitudinal section, showing the grain refined copper structure.
96
VIEW
ML00180 / Mar.2022
Local Melting of Copper Cooling Tubes
M - Pure CopperP - Cooling TubeAp - SiderurgyCd - Overheating
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+H2O Etched MicroDf - In the Center of the Thickness
Sample surface. Microstructure of the plate base metal, exposed to high temperature exhausting gases. Refined austenite and some cracks.
24
VIEW
ML00174 / Jul.2021
Carburization of a 347 SS Welded Joint
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - EnergyCd - Carburization
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Base Metal
SAMPLE 1 AT THE FRACTURE - Micrography in low magnification where the thickness is reduced to zero (fracture). Side A (process side) to the bottom and side B (furnace environment side) to the top.
85
VIEW
ML00160 / Apr.2020
High Temperature Degradation of 310SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Rectangular TubeAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Scaling
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Low Mag
Micrography of the longitudinal section of the tube, close to the external surface, presenting a thick deposit.
109
VIEW
ML00107 / Dec.2017
Carburized 9Cr1MoV Superheater Tube
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - BoilerCd - Carburization
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Close to the External Surface
Micrography close to the external surface of a new tube, sound.
48
VIEW
ML00097 / Nov.2017
Cast SS Tube Removed From High Temperature Service
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Centrifugally Cast PipeAp - SiderurgyCd - High Temperature
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Close to the External Surface
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the fitting, at the base metal, presenting an austenitic structure with intergranular and transgranular precipitation as a result of microstructural evolution.
44
VIEW
ML00061 / Apr.2017
Creep in a Seam Weld of a 304H SS Fitting
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Creep
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Base Metal
Micrography of the transverse section of the NEW TUBE, close to the external surface, showing the austenitic structure with primary carbides network.
59
VIEW
ML00038 / Apr.2017
Cast SS Tube for High Temperature Service
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Centrifugally Cast PipeAp - SiderurgyCd - Creep
Cm - Glyceregia Etched Micrography by OMDf - Close to the External Surface

More from these cases

ML00174 — Carburization of a 347 SS Welded JointM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - EnergyCd - Carburization
Sample surface. Microstructure of the weld metal, exposed to high temperature exhausting gases. Austeno-ferritic structure and some cracks.
20
VIEW
ML00174 / Jul.2021
Carburization of a 347 SS Welded Joint
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - EnergyCd - Carburization
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Weld Metal
Sample surface. Microstructure of the heat affected zone (weld metal to the left side and base metal to the right side), exposed to high temperature exhausting gases. Large austenitic grain size and cracks fully opened and filled with oxides.
24
VIEW
ML00174 / Jul.2021
Carburization of a 347 SS Welded Joint
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - EnergyCd - Carburization
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Heat Affected Zone
ML00160 — High Temperature Degradation of 310SSM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Rectangular TubeAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Scaling
SAMPLE 1 AT 1 mm THICKNESS - Micrography in low magnification in the center of the thickness. The microstructure is austenitic with secondary intergranular and intragranular precipitation.
77
VIEW
ML00160 / Apr.2020
High Temperature Degradation of 310SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Rectangular TubeAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Scaling
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Low Mag
SAMPLE 2 AT 2 mm THICKNESS - Micrography in low magnification in the center of the thickness. The microstructure is austenitic with secondary intergranular and intragranular precipitation. No variation in the microstructure of the center of the plate, compared to sample 1.
52
VIEW
ML00160 / Apr.2020
High Temperature Degradation of 310SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Rectangular TubeAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Scaling
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Low Mag
SAMPLE 3 AT 4 mm THICKNESS - Micrography in low magnification in the center of the thickness. The microstructure is austenitic with secondary intergranular and intragranular precipitation, but this micrography was obtained in the longitudinal section, presenting the plate alignment and was etched with NaOH, adopted to colour the sigma phase .
40
VIEW
ML00160 / Apr.2020
High Temperature Degradation of 310SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Rectangular TubeAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Scaling
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Low Mag
SAMPLE 1 AT 1 mm THICKNESS - Micrography in low magnification in the center of the thickness, as polished. There are no regions of internal damage (like internal voids or cracks), indicating that the mechanism is only related to surface effects.
42
VIEW
ML00160 / Apr.2020
High Temperature Degradation of 310SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Rectangular TubeAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Scaling
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - In the Center of the Thickness
SAMPLE 3, CLOSE TO THE SURFACE OF SIDE A - Micrography, as polished, of the oxides at the process side. In this region there is an oxide layer, not continuous but with no localized penetrations.
43
VIEW
ML00160 / Apr.2020
High Temperature Degradation of 310SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Rectangular TubeAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Scaling
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - At the Surface

+3 more from this case →

ML00107 — Carburized 9Cr1MoV Superheater TubeM - Heat Resistant SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - BoilerCd - Carburization
Micrography of the longitudinal section of the tube, close to the internal surface, presenting a thick deposit.
98
VIEW
ML00107 / Dec.2017
Carburized 9Cr1MoV Superheater Tube
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - BoilerCd - Carburization
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Close to the Internal Surface
Micrography of the longitudinal section of the tube, close to the external surface. A scale is evident at the surface as well as a carburizing layer.
83
VIEW
ML00107 / Dec.2017
Carburized 9Cr1MoV Superheater Tube
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - BoilerCd - Carburization
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Close to the External Surface
Micrography of the longitudinal section of the tube, close to the internal surface. A thick scale is evident, but no microstructural changes compared to the center of the tube.
92
VIEW
ML00107 / Dec.2017
Carburized 9Cr1MoV Superheater Tube
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - BoilerCd - Carburization
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Close to the Internal Surface
ML00097 — Cast SS Tube Removed From High Temperature ServiceM - Heat Resistant SteelP - Centrifugally Cast PipeAp - SiderurgyCd - High Temperature
Micrography close to the internal surface of a new tube, presenting casting defects.
47
VIEW
ML00097 / Nov.2017
Cast SS Tube Removed From High Temperature Service
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Centrifugally Cast PipeAp - SiderurgyCd - High Temperature
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Close to the Internal Surface
Micrography close to the internal surface of the tube removed from service after 6 month, presenting high temperature oxidation and shrinkage voids (casting defects).
31
VIEW
ML00097 / Nov.2017
Cast SS Tube Removed From High Temperature Service
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Centrifugally Cast PipeAp - SiderurgyCd - High Temperature
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Close to the Internal Surface
Micrography close to the external surface of the tube removed from service, damaged by high temperature oxidation.
25
VIEW
ML00097 / Nov.2017
Cast SS Tube Removed From High Temperature Service
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Centrifugally Cast PipeAp - SiderurgyCd - High Temperature
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Close to the External Surface
ML00061 — Creep in a Seam Weld of a 304H SS FittingM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Creep
Micrographic detail of the fitting base metal, presenting an austenitic structure with intergranular and transgranular precipitation as a result of microstructural evolution.
40
VIEW
ML00061 / Apr.2017
Creep in a Seam Weld of a 304H SS Fitting
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Creep
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Base Metal
Micrography of a transverse section of the seam weld, close to the internal surface, presenting several cracks perpendicular to the thickness.
37
VIEW
ML00061 / Apr.2017
Creep in a Seam Weld of a 304H SS Fitting
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Creep
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Close to the Internal Surface
Micrographic detail of the seam weld close to the internal surface, presenting the needles that are the result of microsctructural evolution and cracks filled with oxides.
36
VIEW
ML00061 / Apr.2017
Creep in a Seam Weld of a 304H SS Fitting
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Creep
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Close to the Internal Surface
Micrography of a transverse section of the seam weld, in the middle of the thickness, presenting several parallel cracks.
27
VIEW
ML00061 / Apr.2017
Creep in a Seam Weld of a 304H SS Fitting
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Creep
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - In the Center of the Thickness
Micrographic detail of the seam weld in the middle of the thickness, presenting the needles that are the result of microsctructural evolution and cracks filled with oxides.
40
VIEW
ML00061 / Apr.2017
Creep in a Seam Weld of a 304H SS Fitting
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Creep
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - In the Center of the Thickness

+6 more from this case →

ML00038 — Cast SS Tube for High Temperature ServiceM - Heat Resistant SteelP - Centrifugally Cast PipeAp - SiderurgyCd - Creep
The micrography in the as polished condition of the NEW TUBE shows that there are no casting defects close to the external surface.
49
VIEW
ML00038 / Apr.2017
Cast SS Tube for High Temperature Service
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Centrifugally Cast PipeAp - SiderurgyCd - Creep
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Close to the External Surface
The micrography in the as polished condition of the NEW TUBE shows that there are no casting defects in the center of the thickness.
47
VIEW
ML00038 / Apr.2017
Cast SS Tube for High Temperature Service
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Centrifugally Cast PipeAp - SiderurgyCd - Creep
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Transverse Section
Micrography of the transverse section of the TUBE REMOVED FROM SERVICE,close to the external surface, showing the austenitic structure with coalesced carbides and secondary precipitation.
40
VIEW
ML00038 / Apr.2017
Cast SS Tube for High Temperature Service
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Centrifugally Cast PipeAp - SiderurgyCd - Creep
Cm - Glyceregia Etched Micrography by OMDf - Close to the External Surface
The micrography in the as polished condition of the TUBE REMOVED FROM SERVICE shows that after one year operating in high temperature the material opens voids in the center of the thickness. Even the secondary carbide is coalesced.
36
VIEW
ML00038 / Apr.2017
Cast SS Tube for High Temperature Service
M - Heat Resistant SteelP - Centrifugally Cast PipeAp - SiderurgyCd - Creep
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Transverse Section