Optical Microscope

23 cases · 190 images

Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

Product: Raw Material Microstructure: Ferritic pearlitic Standard: A clear all

Optical Microscope — sub-branches

As polished micrography 18Micrography by OM 3Micrography by OM using A262 Method A 3Nital Etched Micrography by OM 166

Results

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BASE METAL SURFACE - Ferritic structure, grain refined.
90
VIEW
ML00177 / Dec.2021
Cr-Mo Seam Welded Tube
M - CrMo SteelP - Longitudinally Seam WeldedAp - Fired HeaterCd - Not according to spec
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal
Micrography of the plate in a section, showing a ferritic-pearlitic microstructure in the middle of the thickness.
84
VIEW
ML00143 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 Plate
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite
Micrographic aspect, as polished, of the cast cylinder section at the fracture position (top of the figure), close to the internal surface (left side). It is possible to see large graphite flakes.
98
VIEW
ML00141 / Jul.2018
Brittle Fracture of a Corroded Gray Cast Iron
M - Gray Cast ironP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Close to the Internal Surface
Micrographic detail of a transverse section of the tubing, in the center of the thickness. Ferritic-pearlitic structure. Pearlite colonies in bands.
401
VIEW
ML00116 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 6 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite
Micrographic detail of a transverse section of the 5 mm thick tubing, in the center of the thickness. Ferritic-pearlitic structure, with the pearlite presenting a coalesced aspect. The tubing was in service at ambient temperature, painted, and the coalesced aspect was generated before service, perhaps during the tubing manufacturing.
393
VIEW
ML00115 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 5 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite
Micrographic detail of a transverse section of the tubing, in the center of the thickness. Ferritic-pearlitic structure. Pearlite colonies in bands.
346
VIEW
ML00114 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 8 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite
Micrography of a transverse section of the pipe, external diameter 33.4 mm schedule XXS, in the center of the 9.1 mm thickness. The structure is predominantly ferritic. Small amount of pearlite.
556
VIEW
ML00112 / Dec.2017
1" XXS Pipe Not Qualified For Low Temp
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - RefineryCd - Not according to spec
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Predominantly Ferritic
Micrography of a transverse section of the pipe, external diameter 26.7 mm, in the center of the 7.85mm thickness. Refined structure but not uniform. Ferrite and pearlite.
512
VIEW
ML00111 / Dec.2017
3/4" XXS Pipe Not Qualified for Low Temp
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - RefineryCd - Not according to spec
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite

More from these cases

ML00177 — Cr-Mo Seam Welded TubeM - CrMo SteelP - Longitudinally Seam WeldedAp - Fired HeaterCd - Not according to spec
BASE METAL SURFACE - The micrography (transverse to the tube) presents the ferritic/pearlitic/bainitic structure.
76
VIEW
ML00177 / Dec.2021
Cr-Mo Seam Welded Tube
M - CrMo SteelP - Longitudinally Seam WeldedAp - Fired HeaterCd - Not according to spec
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Granular structure
BASE METAL SURFACE - The microstructure of the base metal is ferritic/pearlitic/bainitic.
74
VIEW
ML00177 / Dec.2021
Cr-Mo Seam Welded Tube
M - CrMo SteelP - Longitudinally Seam WeldedAp - Fired HeaterCd - Not according to spec
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Grain refined structure
HAZ SURFACE
72
VIEW
ML00177 / Dec.2021
Cr-Mo Seam Welded Tube
M - CrMo SteelP - Longitudinally Seam WeldedAp - Fired HeaterCd - Not according to spec
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Last Bead HAZ
HAZ SURFACE
66
VIEW
ML00177 / Dec.2021
Cr-Mo Seam Welded Tube
M - CrMo SteelP - Longitudinally Seam WeldedAp - Fired HeaterCd - Not according to spec
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Last Bead HAZ
HAZ SURFACE
55
VIEW
ML00177 / Dec.2021
Cr-Mo Seam Welded Tube
M - CrMo SteelP - Longitudinally Seam WeldedAp - Fired HeaterCd - Not according to spec
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Bainitic HAZ

+18 more from this case →

ML00143 — Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 PlateM - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Micrography of the plate in a section, showing a ferritic-pearlitic microstructure in the middle of the thickness, in a position where the plate was not affected by the shot.
65
VIEW
ML00143 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 Plate
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite
Micrographic detail of the plate in a section, showing a ferritic-pearlitic microstructure in the middle of the thickness.
66
VIEW
ML00143 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 Plate
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite
Micrographic detail of the ferritic-pearlitic microstructure.
53
VIEW
ML00143 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 Plate
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite
Micrographic detail of the plate section, as polished, close to the surface that suffered the impact. The plate material deformed during the perforation,
31
VIEW
ML00143 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 Plate
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Transverse Section
Micrographic detail of the plate section, as polished, close to the surface that suffered the impact. The copper alloy melted and created a yellow-orange deposit.
25
VIEW
ML00143 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 Plate
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Melted film

+22 more from this case →

ML00141 — Brittle Fracture of a Corroded Gray Cast IronM - Gray Cast ironP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Brittle Fracture
Micrographic aspect, as polished, of the cast cylinder section at the fracture position (top of the figure), in the center of the thickness. It is possible to see a mixture of large graphite flakes and rosette grouping flakes.
80
VIEW
ML00141 / Jul.2018
Brittle Fracture of a Corroded Gray Cast Iron
M - Gray Cast ironP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - In the Center of the Thickness
Micrographic aspect, as polished, of the cast cylinder section at the fracture position (top of the figure), close to the external surface (left side). It is possible to see smaller graphite flakes, interdendritic .
79
VIEW
ML00141 / Jul.2018
Brittle Fracture of a Corroded Gray Cast Iron
M - Gray Cast ironP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Close to the External Surface
Micrography of the longitudinal section of the cylinder, at the internal diameter (left side of the figure), in contact with the treated cooling water, presenting large graphite flakes in a predominatly perlitic matrix.
50
VIEW
ML00141 / Jul.2018
Brittle Fracture of a Corroded Gray Cast Iron
M - Gray Cast ironP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Close to the Internal Surface
Micrography of the longitudinal section of the cylinder, at the internal diameter, in contact with the treated cooling water, presenting large graphite flakes in a predominatly perlitic matrix. It is important to mention that the flakes are almost interconnecting themelves.
47
VIEW
ML00141 / Jul.2018
Brittle Fracture of a Corroded Gray Cast Iron
M - Gray Cast ironP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Graphite in Flakes
Micrography of the longitudinal section of the cylinder, at the internal diameter, in contact with the treated cooling water, presenting large graphite flakes in a predominatly perlitic matrix. It is important to mention that the flakes are almost interconnecting themelves.
48
VIEW
ML00141 / Jul.2018
Brittle Fracture of a Corroded Gray Cast Iron
M - Gray Cast ironP - CastingAp - EngineCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Predominantly Pearlitic

+19 more from this case →

ML00116 — CMn Steel Structural Tubing 6 mm thickM - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Low magnification micrography of a transverse section of the tubing, in the center of the thickness. Ferritic-pearlitic banded structure.
30
VIEW
ML00116 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 6 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Banded Structure
Micrography of a transverse section of the tubing, in the center of the thickness. Ferritic-pearlitic structure. Bands of pearlite colonies. Refined grains.
26
VIEW
ML00116 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 6 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - In the Center of the Thickness
Micrography of a transverse section of the tubing in the center of the thickness. Ferritic-pearlitic structure. The structure is fully ferritic in a small extension at the surface, due to a decarburization effect during manufacturing.
26
VIEW
ML00116 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 6 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Close to the External Surface
Micrographic detail of a transverse section of the tubing, close to the internal surface. Ferritic-pearlitic structure, refined.
20
VIEW
ML00116 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 6 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Close to the Internal Surface
ML00115 — CMn Steel Structural Tubing 5 mm thickM - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Low magnification micrography of a transverse section of the tubing, in the center of the thickness. Banded structure, ferritic-pearlitic.
16
VIEW
ML00115 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 5 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Banded Structure
Micrography of a transverse section of the tubing, in the center of the thickness. Ferritic-pearlitic structure. The pearlite is banded and presented a coalesced aspect.
12
VIEW
ML00115 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 5 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - In the Center of the Thickness
Micrographic detail of a transverse section of the tubing, at the external surface. Ferritic-pearlitic structure. The roughness of the surface is high because the structure was painted and a blasting treatment was probably applied to the surface to improve adherence.
15
VIEW
ML00115 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 5 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Close to the External Surface
Micrographic detail of a transverse section of the tubing, close to the internal surface. Ferritic-pearlitic structure. Very close to the surface the amount of ferrite is higher than in the center and the grain is coarser, due to a decarburization effect probably occurred when the surface was exposed to high temperature during manufacturing.
13
VIEW
ML00115 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 5 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Close to the Internal Surface
ML00114 — CMn Steel Structural Tubing 8 mm thickM - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Low magnification micrography of a transverse section of the tubing, in the center of the thickness. Ferritic-pearlitic banded structure.
29
VIEW
ML00114 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 8 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Banded Structure
Micrography of a transverse section of the tubing, in the center of the thickness. Ferritic-pearlitic structure. Bands of pearlite colonies. Refined grains.
30
VIEW
ML00114 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 8 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - In the Center of the Thickness
Micrography of a transverse section of the tubing, at the external surface. Ferritic-pearlitic structure. The roughness of the surface is high because the structure was painted and a blasting treatment was probably applied to the surface to improve adherence.
20
VIEW
ML00114 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 8 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Close to the External Surface
Micrography of a transverse section of the tubing, close to the internal surface. Ferritic-pearlitic structure, refined.
16
VIEW
ML00114 / Jan.2018
CMn Steel Structural Tubing 8 mm thick
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless Round ShapeAp - StructureCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Close to the Internal Surface
ML00112 — 1" XXS Pipe Not Qualified For Low TempM - Low Carbon SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - RefineryCd - Not according to spec
Micrography of a transverse section of the pipe, close to the external surface (OD). The pipe presented a predominatly ferritic structure.
43
VIEW
ML00112 / Dec.2017
1" XXS Pipe Not Qualified For Low Temp
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - RefineryCd - Not according to spec
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Close to the External Surface
Micrography of a transverse section of the pipe, close to the external surface (OD). The pipe presented a 0.2 mm decarburized layer, fully ferritic.
35
VIEW
ML00112 / Dec.2017
1" XXS Pipe Not Qualified For Low Temp
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - RefineryCd - Not according to spec
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Close to the External Surface
Micrography of a transverse section of the pipe, close to the external surface (OD). The pipe presented a predominatly ferritic structure.
31
VIEW
ML00112 / Dec.2017
1" XXS Pipe Not Qualified For Low Temp
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - RefineryCd - Not according to spec
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Predominantly Ferritic
Micrography of a transverse section of the pipe, close to the internal surface (ID). The pipe presented a predominatly ferritic structure.
29
VIEW
ML00112 / Dec.2017
1" XXS Pipe Not Qualified For Low Temp
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - RefineryCd - Not according to spec
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Close to the Internal Surface
Micrography of a transverse section of the pipe, close to the internal surface (ID). The pipe presented a predominatly ferritic structure.
22
VIEW
ML00112 / Dec.2017
1" XXS Pipe Not Qualified For Low Temp
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - RefineryCd - Not according to spec
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Close to the Internal Surface

+2 more from this case →

ML00111 — 3/4" XXS Pipe Not Qualified for Low TempM - Low Carbon SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - RefineryCd - Not according to spec
Micrography of a transverse section of the pipe, close to the internal surface (ID). Refined structure. Ferrite and pearlite.
64
VIEW
ML00111 / Dec.2017
3/4" XXS Pipe Not Qualified for Low Temp
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - RefineryCd - Not according to spec
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Close to the Internal Surface
Micrography of a transverse section of the pipe, close to the internal surface (ID). Refined structure, but not uniform. Ferrite and pearlite. The pearlite colonies appear in a network.
45
VIEW
ML00111 / Dec.2017
3/4" XXS Pipe Not Qualified for Low Temp
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - RefineryCd - Not according to spec
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Close to the Internal Surface
Micrography of a transverse section of the pipe, close to the internal surface (ID). Refined structure. Ferrite and pearlite. The structure is not uniform. There is a large variation in the ferritic grain size and the pearlite colonies appear forming a network.
39
VIEW
ML00111 / Dec.2017
3/4" XXS Pipe Not Qualified for Low Temp
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - RefineryCd - Not according to spec
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite
Micrography of a transverse section of the pipe, close to the external surface (OD). Refined structure. Ferrite and pearlite.
33
VIEW
ML00111 / Dec.2017
3/4" XXS Pipe Not Qualified for Low Temp
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - RefineryCd - Not according to spec
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Close to the External Surface
Micrography of a transverse section of the pipe, close to the external surface (OD). Refined structure. Ferrite and pearlite.
35
VIEW
ML00111 / Dec.2017
3/4" XXS Pipe Not Qualified for Low Temp
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - RefineryCd - Not according to spec
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Close to the External Surface

+2 more from this case →