Optical Microscope

7 cases · 79 images

Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

Application: Subsea Standard: A clear all

Optical Microscope — sub-branches

As polished micrography 9Kalling Etched Micrography by OM 18Micrography by OM using A262 Method A 18NaOH Electrolytic Etched Micro 20Nital Etched Micrography by OM 14

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Longitudinal section micrography in a position of the thread, far from the failure. The stud presented a quenching and tempering structure and the thread was machined.
84
VIEW
ML00136 / Jun.2018
Hydrogen Cracks of Subsea Studs
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - FastenerAp - SubseaCd - Hydrogen Embrittlement
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Machined Thread
Microstructural analysis of the valve body structure, close to the position where the cracking has occurred. The structure is ferritic austenitic, with a large amount of detrimental phases associated to the ferritic structure, probably sigma phase.
106
VIEW
ML00134 / Aug.2020
Brittle Fracture of a Superduplex Valve Body
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Sigma
Micrography of a transverse section of the forged bar in the center of the thickness. Ferrite and austenite. Coarse structure.
74
VIEW
ML00123 / Feb.2018
Non Qualified Superduplex for Subsea
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - BarAp - Oil and GasCd - Not according to spec
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Transverse Section
Nitronic 60 cylinder. Micrography of the longitudinal section in the center of the thickness, presenting a fully austenitic microstructure, equiaxial grains, and evidences of the manufacturing process by hot forming.
179
VIEW
ML00121 / Feb.2018
Pitting Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic / MartensiticP - Rod & CylinderAp - SubseaCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite
Micrographic detail of the strain hardened austenitic structure in the longitudinal section of the bolt.
441
VIEW
ML00101 / Nov.2017
High Strength 316SS Bolt
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite
Micrographic detail of the strain hardened austenitic structure in the longitudinal section of the bolt.
412
VIEW
ML00087 / Nov.2017
High Strength Austenitic SS Bolt
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite
Base metal micrographic detail presenting a tempered martensitic microstructure.
27
VIEW
ML00045 / Aug.2017
Subsea Tubular F6NM Martensitic SS
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - OffshoreCd - Welding
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal

More from these cases

ML00136 — Hydrogen Cracks of Subsea StudsM - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - FastenerAp - SubseaCd - Hydrogen Embrittlement
Microstructure of the stud in the longitudinal section, presenting segregated bands, not uniformly distributed in the section. The bands are associated to elongated and aligned inclusions, and a refined microstructure, probably due to carbon and alloying elements concentration.
69
VIEW
ML00136 / Jun.2018
Hydrogen Cracks of Subsea Studs
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - FastenerAp - SubseaCd - Hydrogen Embrittlement
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Banded Structure
Microstructure of the stud in the longitudinal section, out of a region of segregation, where the tempered martensitic microstructure appears more uniform.
72
VIEW
ML00136 / Jun.2018
Hydrogen Cracks of Subsea Studs
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - FastenerAp - SubseaCd - Hydrogen Embrittlement
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
Micrographic detail of the segregated bands, not uniformly distributed in the section. The bands are associated to elongated and aligned inclusions, and a refined microstructure, probably due to carbon and alloying elements concentration. The localized microhardness (50g) in the band showed levels about 540HV, and out of the band, in the same localtion, presented an average hardness of 321 HV, indicating that the material is non uniform in the regions where there are bands.
66
VIEW
ML00136 / Jun.2018
Hydrogen Cracks of Subsea Studs
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - FastenerAp - SubseaCd - Hydrogen Embrittlement
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Banded Structure
Micrographic detail of the martensitic structure of the stud in the longitudinal section, out of a region of segregation, where the microstructure appears more uniform and the microhardness is about 370HV (50g).
62
VIEW
ML00136 / Jun.2018
Hydrogen Cracks of Subsea Studs
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - FastenerAp - SubseaCd - Hydrogen Embrittlement
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
Low magnification micrography of a stud longitudinal section in the first thread fillet adjacent to the fracture, presenting a large secondary crack without any deformation evidence. This reveals a brittle material behavior, although the hardness measured at the stud end revealed 33HRc, as should be expected by the material specification.
47
VIEW
ML00136 / Jun.2018
Hydrogen Cracks of Subsea Studs
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - FastenerAp - SubseaCd - Hydrogen Embrittlement
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Secondary Cracks

+17 more from this case →

ML00134 — Brittle Fracture of a Superduplex Valve BodyM - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Fracture
Micrographic detail of the valve body structure, close to the position where the cracking has occurred. The structure is ferritic austenitic, with a large amount of detrimental phases associated to the ferritic structure, probably sigma phase.
102
VIEW
ML00134 / Aug.2020
Brittle Fracture of a Superduplex Valve Body
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Sigma
Metallographic detail of the large amount of sigma phase, associated to the ferritic structure.
105
VIEW
ML00134 / Aug.2020
Brittle Fracture of a Superduplex Valve Body
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Sigma
Microstructural analysis of the valve body structure, far from the position where the cracking has occurred, in the bottom of the body. The structure is ferritic austenitic, with some sigma phase, not in a large amount, indicating the valve structure was not uniform.
67
VIEW
ML00134 / Aug.2020
Brittle Fracture of a Superduplex Valve Body
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Ferrite and Austenite
Micrographic detail of the valve body structure, far from the position where the cracking has occurred, in the bottom of the body. The structure is ferritic austenitic, with some sigma phase, not in a large amount, indicating the valve structure was not uniform.
63
VIEW
ML00134 / Aug.2020
Brittle Fracture of a Superduplex Valve Body
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Ferrite and Austenite
Micrographic detail of the valve body structure, far from the position where the cracking has occurred, in the bottom of the body. The structure is ferritic austenitic, with some sigma phase, not in a large amount, indicating the valve structure was not uniform.
61
VIEW
ML00134 / Aug.2020
Brittle Fracture of a Superduplex Valve Body
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Ferrite and Austenite

+8 more from this case →

ML00123 — Non Qualified Superduplex for SubseaM - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - BarAp - Oil and GasCd - Not according to spec
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the forged bar in the center of the thickness. Ferrite and austenite. Coarse structure.
61
VIEW
ML00123 / Feb.2018
Non Qualified Superduplex for Subsea
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - BarAp - Oil and GasCd - Not according to spec
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Longitudinal Section
Micrography of a transverse section of the forged bar in the center of the thickness. Ferrite and austenite. The ferrite amount, measured by metallographic method, manual counting, is 59%.
53
VIEW
ML00123 / Feb.2018
Non Qualified Superduplex for Subsea
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - BarAp - Oil and GasCd - Not according to spec
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Transverse Section
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the forged bar in the center of the thickness. Ferrite and austenite. The average austenite spacing is 80 microns, a lot larger than the maximum allowed in the specification, of 30 microns. No detrimental phases were identified at the ferrite/austenite interfaces, but the ferrite phase presented a rough aspect. Higher magnification analysis would be required to identify precipitation.
53
VIEW
ML00123 / Feb.2018
Non Qualified Superduplex for Subsea
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - BarAp - Oil and GasCd - Not according to spec
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Longitudinal Section
Micrographic detail of the ferrite and austenite structure in the transverse section of the forged bar, in the center of the thickness.
53
VIEW
ML00123 / Feb.2018
Non Qualified Superduplex for Subsea
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - BarAp - Oil and GasCd - Not according to spec
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Ferrite and Austenite
Micrographic detail of the ferrite and austenite structure in the longitudinal section of the forged bar, in the center of the thickness.
55
VIEW
ML00123 / Feb.2018
Non Qualified Superduplex for Subsea
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - BarAp - Oil and GasCd - Not according to spec
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Ferrite and Austenite
ML00121 — Pitting Corrosion in a Subsea SystemM - Austenitic / MartensiticP - Rod & CylinderAp - SubseaCd - Pitting Corrosion
Nitronic 60 cylinder. Micrography of the longitudinal section in the center of the thickness, presenting a fully austenitic microstructure, with some aligned non metallic inclusions.
157
VIEW
ML00121 / Feb.2018
Pitting Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic / MartensiticP - Rod & CylinderAp - SubseaCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite
Nitronic 60 cylinder. Micrographic detail of the longitudinal section in the center of the thickness, presenting a fully austenitic microstructure, equiaxial grains, typical of a solution annealed condition.
136
VIEW
ML00121 / Feb.2018
Pitting Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic / MartensiticP - Rod & CylinderAp - SubseaCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite
Nitronic 60 cylinder. Micrography of the longitudinal section close to the surface, presenting a fully austenitic microstructure, with a shadow close to the external surface that is associated to a small layer of strain hardened structure (deformation twins).
133
VIEW
ML00121 / Feb.2018
Pitting Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic / MartensiticP - Rod & CylinderAp - SubseaCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Strain Hardened
Nitronic 60 cylinder. Micrography of the longitudinal section close to the surface, presenting a fully austenitic microstructure, with a 0.15mm layer of strain hardened structure (deformation twins).
120
VIEW
ML00121 / Feb.2018
Pitting Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic / MartensiticP - Rod & CylinderAp - SubseaCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Strain Hardened
Nitronic 60 cylinder. Micrographic detail of the longitudinal section close to the surface, presenting a fully austenitic microstructure, with a layer of strain hardened structure (deformation twins).
113
VIEW
ML00121 / Feb.2018
Pitting Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic / MartensiticP - Rod & CylinderAp - SubseaCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Strain Hardened

+4 more from this case →

ML00101 — High Strength 316SS BoltM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Micrography of the longitudinal section of the bolt, in the center of the body thickness. Strain hardened austenic structure.
52
VIEW
ML00101 / Nov.2017
High Strength 316SS Bolt
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Strain Hardened
Micrography of the longitudinal section of the bolt, in the center of the body thickness. Strain hardened austenic structure.
46
VIEW
ML00101 / Nov.2017
High Strength 316SS Bolt
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Strain Hardened
Micrography of the longitudinal section of the bolt, at the thread. The bolt was cold deformed and the thread was cold rolled.
32
VIEW
ML00101 / Nov.2017
High Strength 316SS Bolt
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Strain Hardened
Micrography of the longitudinal section of the bolt, at the thread. The bolt was cold deformed and the thread was cold rolled.
31
VIEW
ML00101 / Nov.2017
High Strength 316SS Bolt
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Strain Hardened
Micrographic detail of the strain hardened austenitic structure at the thread.
25
VIEW
ML00101 / Nov.2017
High Strength 316SS Bolt
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite
ML00087 — High Strength Austenitic SS BoltM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Micrography of the longitudinal section of the bolt, in the center of the body thickness. Strain hardened austenic structure.
73
VIEW
ML00087 / Nov.2017
High Strength Austenitic SS Bolt
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Strain Hardened
Micrography of the longitudinal section of the bolt, in the center of the body thickness. Strain hardened austenic structure.
62
VIEW
ML00087 / Nov.2017
High Strength Austenitic SS Bolt
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Strain Hardened
Micrography of the longitudinal section of the bolt, at the thread. The bolt was cold deformed and the thread was cold rolled.
65
VIEW
ML00087 / Nov.2017
High Strength Austenitic SS Bolt
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Strain Hardened
Micrography of the longitudinal section of the bolt, at the thread. The bolt was cold deformed and the thread was cold rolled.
65
VIEW
ML00087 / Nov.2017
High Strength Austenitic SS Bolt
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Strain Hardened
Micrographic detail of the strain hardened austenitic structure at the thread.
59
VIEW
ML00087 / Nov.2017
High Strength Austenitic SS Bolt
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - SubseaCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite
ML00045 — Subsea Tubular F6NM Martensitic SSM - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - OffshoreCd - Welding
Micrographic detail of the heat-affected zone close to the base metal.
29
VIEW
ML00045 / Aug.2017
Subsea Tubular F6NM Martensitic SS
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - OffshoreCd - Welding
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Heat Affected Zone
Micrographic detail of the heat-affected zone close to the fusion line.
31
VIEW
ML00045 / Aug.2017
Subsea Tubular F6NM Martensitic SS
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - OffshoreCd - Welding
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Heat Affected Zone
Micrographic detail of the tempered martesite weld metal close to the fusion line. The columnar grains can be observed .
22
VIEW
ML00045 / Aug.2017
Subsea Tubular F6NM Martensitic SS
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - OffshoreCd - Welding
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Weld Metal
Micrography of the base metal showing a tempered martensitic microstructure.
29
VIEW
ML00045 / Aug.2017
Subsea Tubular F6NM Martensitic SS
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - OffshoreCd - Welding
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal
Micrography of the heat-affected zone. The fusion line is in the right and the coarse structure of the base metal is refined at the heat affected zone.
28
VIEW
ML00045 / Aug.2017
Subsea Tubular F6NM Martensitic SS
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - OffshoreCd - Welding
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Heat Affected Zone

+8 more from this case →