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Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

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Microscopic image by scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the ring surface that presented pites under fouling deposits.
522
VIEW
ML00124 / Feb.2018
MIC of a Martensitic Valve Ring
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - ForgingAp - EnergyCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - Surface Aspect by SEMDf - Pitting
Fractographic detail of the longitudinal Charpy V testpiece, broken at -46°C and presenting energy of 64J (the average energy of three tespieces was 70J). The Charpy V testpiece was removed from the center of the bar. The micromechanism is quasicleavage and the test in this direction presented energy values superior than the minimum requirement of 45J.
946
VIEW
ML00123 / Feb.2018
Non Qualified Superduplex for Subsea
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - BarAp - Oil and GasCd - Not according to spec
Cm - Fractography by SEMDf - Broken Testpiece
Aspect of a crevice corrosion of the flange, under the bolt head, showing evidences that the cathodic protection system was not connected to the stainless steel instrument.
1434
VIEW
ML00122 / Feb.2018
Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CaseAp - Oil and GasCd - Crevice
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Localized Corrosion
Nitronic 60 cylinder. Scanning electron microscopy image of a corroded region at the external surface of the cylinder, that is austenitic. The image shows the localized corroded regions in form of pits.
1228
VIEW
ML00121 / Feb.2018
Pitting Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic / MartensiticP - Rod & CylinderAp - SubseaCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Surface Aspect by SEMDf - Localized Corrosion
Detailed aspect of the eye bolt fracture position, with strong plastic deformation indicating ductile overloading. The red marks in the thread surface of the bolt (in the left side of the image) correspond to the position where the nut was tight. Thread fillets adjacent to the fracture presented secondary cracks.
1125
VIEW
ML00120 / Jun.2018
Ductile Rupture of a Carbon Steel Eye Bolt
M - Low Carbon SteelP - FastenerAp - AutomotiveCd - Overload
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Ductile Fracture
Wire rope, nominal diamater 2". The wire includes an independent core (IWRC) with 7 wires of 2.0 mm and 6 strands with 26 wires (1+5+[5+5]+10). The external strand layer presents a 3.8mm wire, and there are two internal strand layers with different wire sizes. The wire rope presents plastic reinforcement. It is a right regular lay AACI made by extra improved plow steel (EIPS) wires.
876
VIEW
ML00117 / Jan.2018
High Carbon Steel Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Transverse Section AspectDf - General View
Longitudinal cracks in the surface of the pin, detected by dye check, after high pressure hydrostatic test.
658
VIEW
ML00110 / Jan.2018
Non Conformance in Spray and Fuse Pin
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Heat Treatment Defect
Cm - Aspect by NDTDf - General View
Micrographic detail of a longitudinal section of a 4 mm diameter wire, presenting an aligned and highly strained pearlitic structure. Base metal.
386
VIEW
ML00113 / Jan.2018
Autogenous Weld of a Carbon Steel Wire
M - Medium Carbon SteelP - WireAp - OffshoreCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Strain hardened pearlite

More from these cases

ML00124 — MIC of a Martensitic Valve RingM - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - ForgingAp - EnergyCd - Brittle Behavior
Macroscopic aspect of the crack in the valve ring surface. A leakage was detected during testing after 6 months out of service and the inspection identified several transverse cracks in the forged ring. The valve was installed for one year, but it was not drained during the time it was out of service. The cracks were located in regions that were rusted and presenting a biological fouling.
51
VIEW
ML00124 / Feb.2018
MIC of a Martensitic Valve Ring
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - ForgingAp - EnergyCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - At the Surface
Macroscopic aspect of the crack after cleaning the ring surface. Transverse cracks were identified associated to pitting corrosion.
44
VIEW
ML00124 / Feb.2018
MIC of a Martensitic Valve Ring
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - ForgingAp - EnergyCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Localized Corrosion
Micrography of a transverse section of the ring presenting a uniform tempered martensite structure.
43
VIEW
ML00124 / Feb.2018
MIC of a Martensitic Valve Ring
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - ForgingAp - EnergyCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - Martensite
Microscopic details of the ring surface showing the fouling at the surface and localized corrosion under the deposits.
42
VIEW
ML00124 / Feb.2018
MIC of a Martensitic Valve Ring
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - ForgingAp - EnergyCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - Surface Aspect by SEMDf - Pitting
Higher magnification of the localized corrosion, showing that there are cracks at the margin of the corroded region.
39
VIEW
ML00124 / Feb.2018
MIC of a Martensitic Valve Ring
M - Martensitic Stainless SteelP - ForgingAp - EnergyCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - Surface Aspect by SEMDf - Pitting

+11 more from this case →

ML00123 — Non Qualified Superduplex for SubseaM - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - BarAp - Oil and GasCd - Not according to spec
Fractography of the broken Charpy V testpiece, longitudinal, broken at -46°C and presenting energy of 64J (the average of three values was 70J). In this direction the material presented an energy value higher than the minimum requirement of 45J.
109
VIEW
ML00123 / Feb.2018
Non Qualified Superduplex for Subsea
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - BarAp - Oil and GasCd - Not according to spec
Cm - Fractography by SEMDf - Broken Testpiece
Fractography of the Charpy V testpiece, transverse section, broken at -46°C and presenting energy of 20J (the average of three results was 33J). The coarse structure and the alignement created a condition for low energy results in this specific direction, and the material did not present the minimum requirement of 45J.
103
VIEW
ML00123 / Feb.2018
Non Qualified Superduplex for Subsea
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - BarAp - Oil and GasCd - Not according to spec
Cm - Fractography by SEMDf - Broken Testpiece
Micrography of a transverse section of the forged bar in the center of the thickness. Ferrite and austenite. Coarse structure.
74
VIEW
ML00123 / Feb.2018
Non Qualified Superduplex for Subsea
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - BarAp - Oil and GasCd - Not according to spec
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Transverse Section
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the forged bar in the center of the thickness. Ferrite and austenite. Coarse structure.
61
VIEW
ML00123 / Feb.2018
Non Qualified Superduplex for Subsea
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - BarAp - Oil and GasCd - Not according to spec
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Longitudinal Section
Micrography of a transverse section of the forged bar in the center of the thickness. Ferrite and austenite. The ferrite amount, measured by metallographic method, manual counting, is 59%.
53
VIEW
ML00123 / Feb.2018
Non Qualified Superduplex for Subsea
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - BarAp - Oil and GasCd - Not according to spec
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Transverse Section

+3 more from this case →

ML00122 — Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea SystemM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CaseAp - Oil and GasCd - Crevice
Flanged case, 640mm long. The photo presents a general view of the instrumentation system, destroyed after only 6 months in subsea service. The system was manufactured using only 316 stainless steel and the case was 20 mm thick.
335
VIEW
ML00122 / Feb.2018
Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CaseAp - Oil and GasCd - Crevice
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Aspect of the instrument system after disassembling. The internal part of the case, where the electronic device was operating, was wet by seawater and failed to send signals to the surface.
258
VIEW
ML00122 / Feb.2018
Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CaseAp - Oil and GasCd - Crevice
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Detail of the electronic device after removing the external case. It is corroded because seawater entered in the equipment that was pressurized from the external sea environment.
228
VIEW
ML00122 / Feb.2018
Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CaseAp - Oil and GasCd - Crevice
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - Corrosion
After a longitudinal cut of the case it was possible to see that a localized corrosion has occurred associated to the regions where there were sealed holes, plugged, in a crevice condition, not related to any welded position.
193
VIEW
ML00122 / Feb.2018
Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CaseAp - Oil and GasCd - Crevice
Cm - Transverse Section AspectDf - Corrosion
Micrography of the case, observed in the center of the thickness, showing an equiaxial granular austenitic microstructure, free from carbides. The structure is typical of a 316 SS, in a solution annealed condition.
176
VIEW
ML00122 / Feb.2018
Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CaseAp - Oil and GasCd - Crevice
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite

+11 more from this case →

ML00121 — Pitting Corrosion in a Subsea SystemM - Austenitic / MartensiticP - Rod & CylinderAp - SubseaCd - Pitting Corrosion
Aspect of the Nitronic 60 cylinder, OD 36.4mm, presenting pits at the external surface.
219
VIEW
ML00121 / Feb.2018
Pitting Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic / MartensiticP - Rod & CylinderAp - SubseaCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - External Surface
Nitronic 60 cylinder. Detailed aspect of the pitting in a low magnification microscope.
197
VIEW
ML00121 / Feb.2018
Pitting Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic / MartensiticP - Rod & CylinderAp - SubseaCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Surface AspectDf - Pitting
Nitronic 60 cylinder. Micrography of the longitudinal section in the center of the thickness, presenting a fully austenitic microstructure, equiaxial grains, and evidences of the manufacturing process by hot forming.
179
VIEW
ML00121 / Feb.2018
Pitting Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic / MartensiticP - Rod & CylinderAp - SubseaCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite
Nitronic 60 cylinder. Micrography of the longitudinal section in the center of the thickness, presenting a fully austenitic microstructure, with some aligned non metallic inclusions.
157
VIEW
ML00121 / Feb.2018
Pitting Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic / MartensiticP - Rod & CylinderAp - SubseaCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite
Nitronic 60 cylinder. Micrographic detail of the longitudinal section in the center of the thickness, presenting a fully austenitic microstructure, equiaxial grains, typical of a solution annealed condition.
136
VIEW
ML00121 / Feb.2018
Pitting Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic / MartensiticP - Rod & CylinderAp - SubseaCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite

+14 more from this case →

ML00120 — Ductile Rupture of a Carbon Steel Eye BoltM - Low Carbon SteelP - FastenerAp - AutomotiveCd - Overload
Macrography of a longitudinal section of the eye bolt, presenting the fracture in the top of the figure and the threads in the left side of the figure. Details of the fracture of the first thread fillet below the fracture are presented in the next figures.
225
VIEW
ML00120 / Jun.2018
Ductile Rupture of a Carbon Steel Eye Bolt
M - Low Carbon SteelP - FastenerAp - AutomotiveCd - Overload
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Longitudinal Section
Micrography as polished of the longitudinal section of the bolt at the fracture position. The fracture (top of the figure) is rough, characteristic of a ductile fracture.
196
VIEW
ML00120 / Jun.2018
Ductile Rupture of a Carbon Steel Eye Bolt
M - Low Carbon SteelP - FastenerAp - AutomotiveCd - Overload
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Fracture
Micrography as polished of the longitudinal section of the bolt at the first thread fillet below the fracture, presenting a cracking at the bottom of the fillet.
194
VIEW
ML00120 / Jun.2018
Ductile Rupture of a Carbon Steel Eye Bolt
M - Low Carbon SteelP - FastenerAp - AutomotiveCd - Overload
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Crack
Apect of the 1/2" ND bumper eye bolt that was fractured (in the left side of the figure) in the position where the nut was tight.
192
VIEW
ML00120 / Jun.2018
Ductile Rupture of a Carbon Steel Eye Bolt
M - Low Carbon SteelP - FastenerAp - AutomotiveCd - Overload
Cm - Aspect Before AnalysisDf - General View
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the bolt in the center of the thickness, presenting a ferritic pearlitic structure with elongated grains due to the forming process, without later heat treatment.
173
VIEW
ML00120 / Jun.2018
Ductile Rupture of a Carbon Steel Eye Bolt
M - Low Carbon SteelP - FastenerAp - AutomotiveCd - Overload
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite

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ML00117 — High Carbon Steel Wire RopeM - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Typical manufacturing
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the core wire, 2.0 mm diameter, in the center of the thickness, showing a strain hardened structure, aligned.
113
VIEW
ML00117 / Jan.2018
High Carbon Steel Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - In the Center of the Thickness
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the core wire, 2.0 mm diameter, in the center of the thickness, showing a strain hardened pearlitic structure.
89
VIEW
ML00117 / Jan.2018
High Carbon Steel Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Longitudinal Section
Micrographic detail of a longitudinal section of the core wire, 2.0 mm diameter, in the center of the thickness, showing a strain hardened pearlitic structure.
81
VIEW
ML00117 / Jan.2018
High Carbon Steel Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Strain hardened pearlite
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the core wire, 2.0 mm diameter, at the surface of the wire, showing that the wire presents no protective layer (not galvanized nor plated) and the microstructure is strain hardened, aligned.
71
VIEW
ML00117 / Jan.2018
High Carbon Steel Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - At the Surface
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the core wire, 2.0 mm diameter, at the surface of the wire, showing that the wire presents no protective layer (not galvanized) and the microstructure is strain hardened, aligned.
60
VIEW
ML00117 / Jan.2018
High Carbon Steel Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Typical manufacturing
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Longitudinal Section

+13 more from this case →

ML00110 — Non Conformance in Spray and Fuse PinM - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Heat Treatment Defect
Micrography, as polished, of the transverse section of the forged pin with the layer applied by a (thermal) spray and fuse process. The layer presented entrapped pores and globular oxides. It was melted after application by thermal spray (in this case using a flame) but the pin was not heat treated after the full application and melting of the layer and the base metal is ferritc-pearlitic.
51
VIEW
ML00110 / Jan.2018
Non Conformance in Spray and Fuse Pin
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Heat Treatment Defect
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Transverse Section
Micrography, as polished, of the transverse section of the forged pin with the layer applied by a (thermal) spray and fuse process. The layer was melted after thermal spray application and the layer presents a continuous matrix, but there are globular oxides and pores entrapped.
36
VIEW
ML00110 / Jan.2018
Non Conformance in Spray and Fuse Pin
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Heat Treatment Defect
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Surface Layer
Micrographic detail, as polished, of the transverse section of the forged pin at the interface between the pin and the spray and fuse layer. The interface presents globular oxides and small pores, entrapped.
35
VIEW
ML00110 / Jan.2018
Non Conformance in Spray and Fuse Pin
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Heat Treatment Defect
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Surface Layer
Low magnification micrography of the interface between the pin and the spray and fuse layer. Close to the surface, under the layer, the pin presents a ferritic perlitic structure, non conform with the high strenght requirement. Transverse section.
37
VIEW
ML00110 / Jan.2018
Non Conformance in Spray and Fuse Pin
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Heat Treatment Defect
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Low Mag
Micrography of the pin close to the interface with the spray and fuse layer. Transverse section. The fuse was conducted in high temperature and the pin was cooled very slowly, forming a ferritic-perlitic structure even for this high hardenability base metal.
35
VIEW
ML00110 / Jan.2018
Non Conformance in Spray and Fuse Pin
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Heat Treatment Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite

+6 more from this case →

ML00113 — Autogenous Weld of a Carbon Steel WireM - Medium Carbon SteelP - WireAp - OffshoreCd - Welding
Micrography of a longitudinal section of a 4 mm diameter wire base metal, presenting a strain hardened and aligned pearlitic structure.
42
VIEW
ML00113 / Jan.2018
Autogenous Weld of a Carbon Steel Wire
M - Medium Carbon SteelP - WireAp - OffshoreCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal
Low magnification micrography of a longitudinal section of a 4 mm diameter base metal wire, presenting a strain hardened and aligned pearlitic structure.
32
VIEW
ML00113 / Jan.2018
Autogenous Weld of a Carbon Steel Wire
M - Medium Carbon SteelP - WireAp - OffshoreCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Base Metal
Macrography of a longitudinal section of a 4 mm diameter wire, presenting part of an austogenously welded joint, with the transformation of the strain hardened pearlitic. The base metal is to the left side of the figure, and the heat affected zone is in the center of the figure. There is a (previous austenite) grain growth to the right side of the figure, where it is the center of the weld.
33
VIEW
ML00113 / Jan.2018
Autogenous Weld of a Carbon Steel Wire
M - Medium Carbon SteelP - WireAp - OffshoreCd - Welding
Cm - NItal Etched MacroDf - Welded Joint
Low magnification micrography of a longitudinal section of a 4 mm diameter wire, at the region where the pearlitic strain hardened wire is affected by the welding. The base metal is to the left side and the region of the HAZ that starts with a grain growth is to the right side.
24
VIEW
ML00113 / Jan.2018
Autogenous Weld of a Carbon Steel Wire
M - Medium Carbon SteelP - WireAp - OffshoreCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Heat Affected Zone
Micrography of a longitudinal section of a 4 mm diameter wire, at the heat affected zone created by the autogenous welding, presenting a tempered martensitic structure.
19
VIEW
ML00113 / Jan.2018
Autogenous Weld of a Carbon Steel Wire
M - Medium Carbon SteelP - WireAp - OffshoreCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Heat Affected Zone

+4 more from this case →