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15 cases · 61 images

Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

Product: Welded Joint Capture method: Scanning Electron Microscope clear all

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Aspect of the opened crack by scanning electron microscopy, showing the coarser structure in the weld (right side of the figure).
33
VIEW
ML00179 / Feb.2022
Hydrides in Titanium Weld
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - In Field WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Fractography by SEMDf - Fracture
The fracture surface in the sample shows columnar grains in the weld and large facets in the heat affected zone (HAZ) close to the internal surface of the carcass (to the top of the image).
32
VIEW
ML00174 / Jul.2021
Carburization of a 347 SS Welded Joint
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - EnergyCd - Carburization
Cm - Fractography by SEMDf - Brittle Fracture
Micrography of the weld metal in the last bead, presenting previous austenite columnar grains, primary ferrite in the grain boundaries, some regions of ferrite with aligned second phases and acicular ferrite.
58
VIEW
ML00153 / Jan.2019
X52 in a Tubular Structure
M - CMn SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - StructureCd - Qualified
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by SEMDf - Weld Metal
Microstructural analysis of the valve body structure, close to the position where the cracking has occurred. The structure is ferritic austenitic, with a large amount of detrimental phases associated to the ferritic structure, probably sigma phase.
92
VIEW
ML00134 / Aug.2020
Brittle Fracture of a Superduplex Valve Body
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Micrography by SEMDf - Sigma
Image by scanning electron microscopy of the metallurgically bonded interface of the internally cladded pipe. It is a seamless pipe in a low alloy steel X70 cladded by welding overlay of Alloy 625 (by automatic GTAW process). The region is a detail of the interface inside the Ni alloy weld metal, presenting columnar grains and intragranular preciptation. The pipe was heat treated before bending (solution annealing) and after bending (quenching and tempering to meet X70 grade). The microhardness of this region is higher than the value obtained out of this region, in the overlay.
656
VIEW
ML00132 / May.2018
Seamless Pipe Overlaid with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Electrolytic Etch Micrography by SEMDf - Clad Interface
Scanning electron microscopy image of the external surface of the line at the cracking position showing multiple cracks, branched, transverse to the line axis.
79
VIEW
ML00095 / Sep.2017
MIC of a Riser Control Line
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - Oil and GasCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - Surface Aspect by SEMDf - External Surface
Aspect by scanning electron microscopy of the cracking at the external surface of the fitting.
47
VIEW
ML00094 / Sep.2017
MIC of a Subsea Hydraulic Line
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - Surface Aspect by SEMDf - External Surface
After opening a crack it was possible to see the fracture appearance.
70
VIEW
ML00071 / Jan.2019
Reheating Cracking of a CrMo Vessel Weld
M - CrMo SteelP - In Field WeldAp - EnergyCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Fractography by SEMDf - Fracture

More from these cases

ML00179 — Hydrides in Titanium WeldM - Unalloyed TitaniumP - In Field WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Hydride Formation
In the region where the fracture started there are brittle aspects resembling a cleavage micromechanism and several secondary cracks, transverse to the fracture surface, as well as propagation by fatigue (striation).
36
VIEW
ML00179 / Feb.2022
Hydrides in Titanium Weld
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - In Field WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Fractography by SEMDf - Brittle Cracks
Fractography showing brittle secondaryy cracks in the region where the cracking was originated.
34
VIEW
ML00179 / Feb.2022
Hydrides in Titanium Weld
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - In Field WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Fractography by SEMDf - Secondary Cracks
Fractography showing propagation by fatigue. Striation.
26
VIEW
ML00179 / Feb.2022
Hydrides in Titanium Weld
M - Unalloyed TitaniumP - In Field WeldAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Hydride Formation
Cm - Fractography by SEMDf - Fatigue Striation
ML00174 — Carburization of a 347 SS Welded JointM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - EnergyCd - Carburization
Detail of the fracture in the heat affected zone, showing a flat fracture where the fracture is close to the surface of the plate, exposed to the high temperature exhausting gases.
24
VIEW
ML00174 / Jul.2021
Carburization of a 347 SS Welded Joint
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - EnergyCd - Carburization
Cm - Fractography by SEMDf - Brittle Fracture
ML00134 — Brittle Fracture of a Superduplex Valve BodyM - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Fracture
Micrographic details by scaning electron microscopy. The structure is ferritic austenitic, with a large amount of detrimental phases associated to the ferritic structure, probably sigma phase.
85
VIEW
ML00134 / Aug.2020
Brittle Fracture of a Superduplex Valve Body
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Micrography by SEMDf - Sigma
High magnification details by scaning electron microscopy. The structure is ferritic austenitic, with a large amount of detrimental phases associated to the ferritic structure, probably sigma phase.
81
VIEW
ML00134 / Aug.2020
Brittle Fracture of a Superduplex Valve Body
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Micrography by SEMDf - Sigma
Higher magnification detail of the sigma phase by scaning electron microscopy.
76
VIEW
ML00134 / Aug.2020
Brittle Fracture of a Superduplex Valve Body
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Micrography by SEMDf - Sigma
Fractographic aspect of the valve body fracture surface after opening the crack. The fracture micromechanism is brittle, by cleavage, with several secondary microcracks associated to the sigma phase.
54
VIEW
ML00134 / Aug.2020
Brittle Fracture of a Superduplex Valve Body
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Fractography by SEMDf - Cleavage Facets
Fractographic detail of the valve body fracture surface after opening the crack. The fracture micromechanism is brittle, by cleavage, with several secondary microcracks associated to the sigma phase.
52
VIEW
ML00134 / Aug.2020
Brittle Fracture of a Superduplex Valve Body
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - Fractography by SEMDf - Cleavage Facets

+1 more from this case →

ML00132 — Seamless Pipe Overlaid with Alloy 625M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Image by scanning electron microscopy of the interface of the internally cladded pipe. It is a seamless pipe in low alloy steel X70 overlaid with Alloy 625 (by automatic GTAW process). The region is a detail in the side of the Ni alloy weld metal, presenting transgranular precipitation. The pipe was heat treated before bending (solution annelaing) and after bending (quenching and tempering to meet X70 grade). The microhardness of this region is higher than the value obtained out of this region, in the overlay.
42
VIEW
ML00132 / May.2018
Seamless Pipe Overlaid with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Electrolytic Etch Micrography by SEMDf - Clad Interface
Image by scanning electron microscopy of the interface of the internally cladded pipe, seamless low alloy steel X70 overlaid with Alloy 625 (by automatic GTAW process) and presenting maximum iron content of 5% at the thickness of 3 mm (the qualified thickness).
36
VIEW
ML00132 / May.2018
Seamless Pipe Overlaid with Alloy 625
M - LAS / Ni AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Oil and GasCd - Welding
Cm - Electrolytic Etch Micrography by SEMDf - Clad Interface
ML00095 — MIC of a Riser Control LineM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - Oil and GasCd - Brittle Behavior
Detail, by scanning electron microscopy, of the external surface of the line at the cracking position presenting branched cracks, transverse to the line axis. The surface of the fitting is fully stained (dark grey), from where the cracks start, indicating that the material loose passivation in these regions.
62
VIEW
ML00095 / Sep.2017
MIC of a Riser Control Line
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - Oil and GasCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - Surface Aspect by SEMDf - Branched Cracks
The aspect of the fitting surface by SEM shows multiple cracks. Interesting to observe a stained region (dark grey) that corresponds to regions where the material passivation was destroyed.
43
VIEW
ML00095 / Sep.2017
MIC of a Riser Control Line
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - Oil and GasCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - Surface Aspect by SEMDf - External Surface
Detail of one region that had the passivation layer destroyed .
45
VIEW
ML00095 / Sep.2017
MIC of a Riser Control Line
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - Oil and GasCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - Surface Aspect by SEMDf - External Surface
Detail of one region that had the passivation layer destroyed and presented corrosion cracks.
48
VIEW
ML00095 / Sep.2017
MIC of a Riser Control Line
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - Oil and GasCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - Surface Aspect by SEMDf - Corrosion Cracking
The aspect of the external surface of the fitting shows regions where the passivation was lost and where microcracks started already.
54
VIEW
ML00095 / Sep.2017
MIC of a Riser Control Line
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - Oil and GasCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - Surface Aspect by SEMDf - Microcracks
ML00094 — MIC of a Subsea Hydraulic LineM - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Behavior
Aspect by scanning electron microscopy of the cracking at the external surface of the fitting. Interesting to observe that the cracks are deformed.
39
VIEW
ML00094 / Sep.2017
MIC of a Subsea Hydraulic Line
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - Surface Aspect by SEMDf - External Surface
Aspect by scanning electron microscopy of the cracking at the internal surface of the fitting.
36
VIEW
ML00094 / Sep.2017
MIC of a Subsea Hydraulic Line
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - Surface Aspect by SEMDf - Internal Surface
Aspect by scanning electron microscopy of the cracking at the internal surface of the fitting. Interesting to observe multiple cracks with brittle characteristic.
39
VIEW
ML00094 / Sep.2017
MIC of a Subsea Hydraulic Line
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - Surface Aspect by SEMDf - Internal Surface
The internal surface of the fitting presents multiple cracks not associated to pitting.
39
VIEW
ML00094 / Sep.2017
MIC of a Subsea Hydraulic Line
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - Surface Aspect by SEMDf - Internal Surface
The through wall cracking was opened by citting the two sides and the aspect was characterized by SEM. Although there was a film at the fracture surface, probably because the fitting was removed from service some time after it was leaking, the fracture micromechanism is by quasecleavage, typical of a stress corrosion cracking.
56
VIEW
ML00094 / Sep.2017
MIC of a Subsea Hydraulic Line
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - Fractography by SEMDf - Transgranular Fracture
ML00071 — Reheating Cracking of a CrMo Vessel WeldM - CrMo SteelP - In Field WeldAp - EnergyCd - Welding Defect
Intergranular morphology of the fracture in a scanning electron microscopy image.
65
VIEW
ML00071 / Jan.2019
Reheating Cracking of a CrMo Vessel Weld
M - CrMo SteelP - In Field WeldAp - EnergyCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Fractography by SEMDf - Intergranular Cracking