Optical Microscope

11 cases · 84 images for “corrosion”

Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

Microstructure: Austenite clear all

Optical Microscope — sub-branches

As polished micrography 2Eletrolytically Etched Micrography by OM 3Kalling Etched Micrography by OM 9Micrography by OM 7Micrography by OM using A262 Method A 35Nital Etched Micrography by OM 1Oxalic Acid Electrolytic Etch 27

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Micrography of the case, observed in the center of the thickness, showing an equiaxial granular austenitic microstructure, free from carbides. The structure is typical of a 316 SS, in a solution annealed condition.
176
VIEW
ML00122 / Feb.2018
Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CaseAp - Oil and GasCd - Crevice
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite
Nitronic 60 cylinder. Micrography of the longitudinal section in the center of the thickness, presenting a fully austenitic microstructure, equiaxial grains, and evidences of the manufacturing process by hot forming.
179
VIEW
ML00121 / Feb.2018
Pitting Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic / MartensiticP - Rod & CylinderAp - SubseaCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite
Micrography of the 1.65 mm thickness tube, in the middle of the thickness of the longitudinal section. This part of the tube is located in the colder part of the equipment, position 1. The material presented carbide precipitation at grain boundaries (not yet fully surrounding the grains) and at this point the tube presented no internal corrosion.
338
VIEW
ML00086 / Nov.2017
Intergranular Corrosion of Sensitized 304SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - Heat ExchangerCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite
The micrography of the transverse section of the plate, as polished, close to the surface. The material presents intergranular corrosion and some grains were lost.
1184
VIEW
ML00015 / Oct.2017
Intergranular Corrosion of 304SS Plate
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - RefineryCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Intergranular Corrosion
Micrography of a transverse section of the pipe, presenting the pitting corrosion. As polished.
310
VIEW
ML00014 / Apr.2017
Pitting Corrosion in 316SS Pipe
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - FPSOCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Pitting
The stub end was manufactured from a plate and the microstructure in a longitudial section shows a refined granular austenitic structure.
62
VIEW
ML00168 / Aug.2020
SCC of Austenitic SS Flange Stub End
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Stub EndAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Longitudinal Section
Optical micrography of a longitudinal section of the fractured bolt, at the thread. The material is austenitic, free from carbides, and the threads were almost removed by the stress corrosion cracks.
756
VIEW
ML00157 / Feb.2020
Bolts Under Chloride SCC Conditions
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Stress Corrosion Cracks
Optical micrography of the transverse section of the drill collar, in the center of the thickness, presenting an uniform, granular, fully austenitic microstructure.
76
VIEW
ML00135 / May.2018
MIC of a Non Magnetic Drilling Tool
M - High Mn Austenitic SteelP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Transverse Section

More from these cases

ML00122 — Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea SystemM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CaseAp - Oil and GasCd - Crevice
Micrographic detail of the fully austenitic granular structure of the case, in the center of the thickness.
158
VIEW
ML00122 / Feb.2018
Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CaseAp - Oil and GasCd - Crevice
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite
Microstructure of the welded region of the padeye, at the fusion line. The weld metal is dendritic, austeno ferritic, in the left side of the figure. The heat affected zone is in the center of the figure and shows no changes in relation to the base metal. The padeye base metal is to the right side of the figure.
120
VIEW
ML00122 / Feb.2018
Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CaseAp - Oil and GasCd - Crevice
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Welded Joint
Micrographic detail of the fusion line of the welded joint of the padeye. The connector where the padeye was installed was welded to the case, but presented no evidences of corrosion.
110
VIEW
ML00122 / Feb.2018
Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CaseAp - Oil and GasCd - Crevice
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Welded Joint
Micrographic detail of the crevice corrosion in the case wall, showing that the structure is not affected and is fully austenitic with equiaxial grains typical of a solution annealed condition.
85
VIEW
ML00122 / Feb.2018
Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CaseAp - Oil and GasCd - Crevice
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Localized Corrosion
Micrographic detail of the crevice corrosion in the case wall, showing that the structure is not affected and is fully austenitic with equiaxial grains typical of a solution annealed condition.
72
VIEW
ML00122 / Feb.2018
Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - CaseAp - Oil and GasCd - Crevice
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Localized Corrosion

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ML00121 — Pitting Corrosion in a Subsea SystemM - Austenitic / MartensiticP - Rod & CylinderAp - SubseaCd - Pitting Corrosion
Nitronic 60 cylinder. Micrography of the longitudinal section in the center of the thickness, presenting a fully austenitic microstructure, with some aligned non metallic inclusions.
157
VIEW
ML00121 / Feb.2018
Pitting Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic / MartensiticP - Rod & CylinderAp - SubseaCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite
Nitronic 60 cylinder. Micrographic detail of the longitudinal section in the center of the thickness, presenting a fully austenitic microstructure, equiaxial grains, typical of a solution annealed condition.
136
VIEW
ML00121 / Feb.2018
Pitting Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic / MartensiticP - Rod & CylinderAp - SubseaCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite
Nitronic 60 cylinder. Micrography of the longitudinal section close to the surface, presenting a fully austenitic microstructure, with a shadow close to the external surface that is associated to a small layer of strain hardened structure (deformation twins).
133
VIEW
ML00121 / Feb.2018
Pitting Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic / MartensiticP - Rod & CylinderAp - SubseaCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Strain Hardened
Nitronic 60 cylinder. Micrography of the longitudinal section close to the surface, presenting a fully austenitic microstructure, with a 0.15mm layer of strain hardened structure (deformation twins).
120
VIEW
ML00121 / Feb.2018
Pitting Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic / MartensiticP - Rod & CylinderAp - SubseaCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Strain Hardened
Nitronic 60 cylinder. Micrographic detail of the longitudinal section close to the surface, presenting a fully austenitic microstructure, with a layer of strain hardened structure (deformation twins).
113
VIEW
ML00121 / Feb.2018
Pitting Corrosion in a Subsea System
M - Austenitic / MartensiticP - Rod & CylinderAp - SubseaCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Strain Hardened

+4 more from this case →

ML00086 — Intergranular Corrosion of Sensitized 304SSM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - Heat ExchangerCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Micrography of the 1.65 mm thickness tube, in the middle of the thickness of the longitudinal section. This part of the tube is located in position 2, where the temperature was higher and the carbide precipitation increased during service.
272
VIEW
ML00086 / Nov.2017
Intergranular Corrosion of Sensitized 304SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - Heat ExchangerCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Intergranular Precipitation
Micrography of the 1.65 mm thickness tube, in the middle of the thickness of the longitudinal section. This part of the tube is located in position 3, where intergranular and transgranular carbide precipitation occurred during service.
234
VIEW
ML00086 / Nov.2017
Intergranular Corrosion of Sensitized 304SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - Heat ExchangerCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Intragranular Secondary Precipitation
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the tube in position 2, presenting thinning by intergranular corrosion at the internal surface.
193
VIEW
ML00086 / Nov.2017
Intergranular Corrosion of Sensitized 304SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - Heat ExchangerCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Intergranular Corrosion
Micrographic detail of the intergranular corrosion at the internal surface of the tube in position 2. Several grains were already removed by the corrosion.
171
VIEW
ML00086 / Nov.2017
Intergranular Corrosion of Sensitized 304SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - Heat ExchangerCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Intergranular Corrosion
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the tube in position 3, at the internal surface. Although there is a strong precipitation, both intergranular and transgranular, the tube did not corrode at this point.
144
VIEW
ML00086 / Nov.2017
Intergranular Corrosion of Sensitized 304SS
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless tubeAp - Heat ExchangerCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Intragranular Secondary Precipitation

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ML00015 — Intergranular Corrosion of 304SS PlateM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - RefineryCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Microstructure of the plate in the center of the ¼” thickness. Equiaxed austenitic grains with delta ferrite stringers and grain boundary carbide precipitation (sensitization).
303
VIEW
ML00015 / Oct.2017
Intergranular Corrosion of 304SS Plate
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - RefineryCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Intergranular Precipitation
Microstructure of the plate in the center of the ¼” thickness. Equiaxed austenitic grains with delta ferrite stringers and grain boundary carbide precipitation (sensitization).
201
VIEW
ML00015 / Oct.2017
Intergranular Corrosion of 304SS Plate
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - RefineryCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Intergranular Precipitation
Micrographic aspect of a longitudinal section of the plate, close to the surface, in a region where it was detected intergranular corrosion up to 0,5 mm depth. As polished.
188
VIEW
ML00015 / Oct.2017
Intergranular Corrosion of 304SS Plate
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - RefineryCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Intergranular Corrosion
Micrographic detail of intergranular corrosion, up to 0,5 mm depth. As polished.
171
VIEW
ML00015 / Oct.2017
Intergranular Corrosion of 304SS Plate
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - RefineryCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OMDf - Intergranular Corrosion
Micrographic aspect of a longitudinal section of the plate, close to the surface, in a region with intergranular corrosion. Several loose grains were removed, indicating that the structure was embrittled by the intergranular corrosion.
171
VIEW
ML00015 / Oct.2017
Intergranular Corrosion of 304SS Plate
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - RefineryCd - Intergranular Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Intergranular Corrosion

+4 more from this case →

ML00014 — Pitting Corrosion in 316SS PipeM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - FPSOCd - Pitting Corrosion
Austenitic structure at the transverse section of the pipe, free from carbides.
277
VIEW
ML00014 / Apr.2017
Pitting Corrosion in 316SS Pipe
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - FPSOCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite
Austenitic structure, free from carbides, exactly in the region of the pitting, indicating that the corrosion is not associated to the material microstructure.
261
VIEW
ML00014 / Apr.2017
Pitting Corrosion in 316SS Pipe
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Seamless PipeAp - FPSOCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Micrography by OM using A262 Method ADf - Austenite
ML00168 — SCC of Austenitic SS Flange Stub EndM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Stub EndAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Stress Corrosion
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the stub end showing a refined austenitic structure.
57
VIEW
ML00168 / Aug.2020
SCC of Austenitic SS Flange Stub End
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Stub EndAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Austenite
Micrographic detail of the austenitic structure. Free from grain boundaries carbide precipitation.
54
VIEW
ML00168 / Aug.2020
SCC of Austenitic SS Flange Stub End
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Stub EndAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Austenite
Micrography of the stub end, external side to the top, presenting multiple cracks propagating throught wall.
48
VIEW
ML00168 / Aug.2020
SCC of Austenitic SS Flange Stub End
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Stub EndAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Close to the External Surface
Micrography of the stub end longitudinal section, presenting multiple cracks, branched.
40
VIEW
ML00168 / Aug.2020
SCC of Austenitic SS Flange Stub End
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Stub EndAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Multiple cracks
Micrography of the stub end close to the external surface, outer diameter in the top of the image, presenting multiple cracks starting fro the surface and propagating into the thickness, through wall.
32
VIEW
ML00168 / Aug.2020
SCC of Austenitic SS Flange Stub End
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - Stub EndAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Close to the External Surface

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ML00157 — Bolts Under Chloride SCC ConditionsM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Low magnification micrography, by optical microscope, of the longitudinal section of a damaged bolt, in the center of the thickness. The microstructure is austenitic, free from carbides.
100
VIEW
ML00157 / Feb.2020
Bolts Under Chloride SCC Conditions
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Austenite
Micrography, by optical microscope, of the longitudinal section of a damaged bolt, in the center of the thickness. The microstructure is austenitic, free from carbides, strain hardened. The hardness values of the material are from 200HV1 to 300HV1, that meets the class 2 of strenght (ASTM A193 B8M class 2).
79
VIEW
ML00157 / Feb.2020
Bolts Under Chloride SCC Conditions
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Strain Hardened
Detail of the strain hardened austenitic microstructure. Micrography by optical microscope, of the longitudinal section of a bolt, in the center of the thickness.
76
VIEW
ML00157 / Feb.2020
Bolts Under Chloride SCC Conditions
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Strain Hardened
Optical micrography of a longitudinal section of the fractured bolt, at the thread. The material is austenitic, free from carbides, and the threads were fully cracked by the stress corrosion mechanism.
58
VIEW
ML00157 / Feb.2020
Bolts Under Chloride SCC Conditions
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Stress Corrosion Cracks
Optical micrography of a longitudinal section of the fractured bolt, under the thread, showing stress corrosion cracks through the section.
46
VIEW
ML00157 / Feb.2020
Bolts Under Chloride SCC Conditions
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Stress Corrosion Cracks

+2 more from this case →

ML00135 — MIC of a Non Magnetic Drilling ToolM - High Mn Austenitic SteelP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Pitting Corrosion
Optical micrography of the transverse section of the drill collar, in the center of the thickness, presenting an uniform, granular, fully austenitic microstructure.
64
VIEW
ML00135 / May.2018
MIC of a Non Magnetic Drilling Tool
M - High Mn Austenitic SteelP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Transverse Section
Micrographic detail of the transverse section of the drill collar, in the center of the thickness, presenting an uniform, granular, fully austenitic microstructure.
61
VIEW
ML00135 / May.2018
MIC of a Non Magnetic Drilling Tool
M - High Mn Austenitic SteelP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Austenite
Optical micrography of the longitudinal section of the drill collar, in the center of the thickness, presenting slightly elongated grains of fully austenitic microstructure, cold worked. The material presented 38HRc hardness.
58
VIEW
ML00135 / May.2018
MIC of a Non Magnetic Drilling Tool
M - High Mn Austenitic SteelP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Longitudinal Section
Optical micrography of the longitudinal section of the drill collar, in the center of the thickness, presenting slightly elongated grains of fully austenitic microstructure, cold worked.
62
VIEW
ML00135 / May.2018
MIC of a Non Magnetic Drilling Tool
M - High Mn Austenitic SteelP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Longitudinal Section
Micrographic detail of the longitudinal section of the drill collar, in the center of the thickness, presenting slightly elongated grains of fully austenitic microstructure, cold worked.
59
VIEW
ML00135 / May.2018
MIC of a Non Magnetic Drilling Tool
M - High Mn Austenitic SteelP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Austenite

+6 more from this case →