Optical Microscope

11 cases · 32 images

Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

Standard: UNS Detail focus: Heat Affected Zone clear all

Optical Microscope — sub-branches

Kalling Etched Micrography by OM 9Keller Etched Micrography by OM 1NaOH Electrolytic Etched Micro 12Nital Etched Micrography by OM 10

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Micrography of the valve at the welded joint of the body to the insert (fillet weld). The cracking was arrested at the position of this welded joint because the structures of the weld metal, insert and heat affected zones are tough (austenitic in the weld metal and insert, and free from sigma in the HAZ) .
46
VIEW
ML00134 / Aug.2020
Brittle Fracture of a Superduplex Valve Body
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Heat Affected Zone
Micrography of the heat affected zone at the face of the joint. It is possible to see that even close to the fusion line the material was reheated in high temperature, suggesting that the temper bead was effective.
53
VIEW
ML00129 / Apr.2018
Non qualified WPS for High Strength Steel
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Welded Testpiece for QualificationAp - Oil and GasCd - Non qualified
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Heat Affected Zone
Low magnification micrography of a longitudinal section of a 4 mm diameter wire, at the region where the pearlitic strain hardened wire is affected by the welding. The base metal is to the left side and the region of the HAZ that starts with a grain growth is to the right side.
24
VIEW
ML00113 / Jan.2018
Autogenous Weld of a Carbon Steel Wire
M - Medium Carbon SteelP - WireAp - OffshoreCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Heat Affected Zone
Micrography of the tubing heat affected zone.
69
VIEW
ML00100 / Nov.2017
Superduplex Tubing to Forging Welded Joint
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Welding
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - HAZ Left Side
The cast material that presents for the base metal a coalesced silicon particles in the interdendritic space and intragranular precipitation shows a solution effect at the heat affected zone.
52
VIEW
ML00070 / Jan.2019
Automotive Light Alloy Wheel Repaired By Welding
M - Aluminum Silicon MagnesiumP - RimAp - AutomotiveCd - Removed From Service
Cm - Keller Etched Micrography by OMDf - Heat Affected Zone
Micrographic detail of the segregated regions at the previous austenite coarse grains, close to the fusion line.
53
VIEW
ML00069 / May.2017
Liquation Cracks in SAW of Low Carbon Steel
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - AutomotiveCd - Welding Defect
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Heat Affected Zone
Micrographic detail of the low temperature heat affected zone of the pipe. The intercritical temperature (IC) is evident in the decorated grain boundaries of the previous austenite.
43
VIEW
ML00066 / May.2017
GMAW Welded Joint in 9%Ni Alloy Steel
M - Nickel Alloy SteelP - Welded Testpiece for QualificationAp - PipelineCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Heat Affected Zone
Micrographic detail of the pipe heat affected zone. The fusion line is at the left-top of the picture and the epitaxial grain growth through this line is remarkable.
85
VIEW
ML00065 / May.2017
Erosion Corrosion of Monel Piping
M - NiCu AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Erosion Corrosion
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - HAZ Left Side

More from these cases

ML00134 — Brittle Fracture of a Superduplex Valve BodyM - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Fracture
Micrographic detail of the fusion line of the welded joint of the body to the insert (fillet weld). The cracking was arrested at the position of this welded joint because the structures of the weld metal, insert and heat affected zones are tough (austenitic in the weld metal and insert, and free from sigma in the HAZ) .
39
VIEW
ML00134 / Aug.2020
Brittle Fracture of a Superduplex Valve Body
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Heat Affected Zone
Micrography of the valve at the welded joint of the body to the insert (fillet weld). The heat affected zone shows that the sigma phase was removed, which means that the base metal was degradated and during welding the thermal cycle created a condition to remove the sigma phase (dissolve it).
38
VIEW
ML00134 / Aug.2020
Brittle Fracture of a Superduplex Valve Body
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Heat Affected Zone
Micrographic detail of the heat affected zone of the valve to the insert joint showing that the sigma phase was removed, which means that the base metal was degradated and during welding the thermal cycle created a condition to dissolve the sigma phase.
39
VIEW
ML00134 / Aug.2020
Brittle Fracture of a Superduplex Valve Body
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Heat Affected Zone
ML00129 — Non qualified WPS for High Strength SteelM - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Welded Testpiece for QualificationAp - Oil and GasCd - Non qualified
Micrography of the heat affected zone at the face of the joint, close to the fusion line. The hardness level at the HAZ was 248 HV10.
58
VIEW
ML00129 / Apr.2018
Non qualified WPS for High Strength Steel
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Welded Testpiece for QualificationAp - Oil and GasCd - Non qualified
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Heat Affected Zone
Micrography of the heat affected zone at the root of the joint, submitted to several welding reheating cycles.
36
VIEW
ML00129 / Apr.2018
Non qualified WPS for High Strength Steel
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Welded Testpiece for QualificationAp - Oil and GasCd - Non qualified
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Heat Affected Zone
Micrography of the heat affected zone at the root of the joint, submitted to several welding reheating cycles. The structure is still martensitic but presented a refined previous austenite structure.
30
VIEW
ML00129 / Apr.2018
Non qualified WPS for High Strength Steel
M - Low Alloy Medium Carbon QTP - Welded Testpiece for QualificationAp - Oil and GasCd - Non qualified
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Heat Affected Zone
ML00113 — Autogenous Weld of a Carbon Steel WireM - Medium Carbon SteelP - WireAp - OffshoreCd - Welding
Micrography of a longitudinal section of a 4 mm diameter wire, at the heat affected zone created by the autogenous welding, presenting a tempered martensitic structure.
19
VIEW
ML00113 / Jan.2018
Autogenous Weld of a Carbon Steel Wire
M - Medium Carbon SteelP - WireAp - OffshoreCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Heat Affected Zone
ML00100 — Superduplex Tubing to Forging Welded JointM - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Welding
Micrography of the tubing heat affected zone.
68
VIEW
ML00100 / Nov.2017
Superduplex Tubing to Forging Welded Joint
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Welding
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - HAZ Left Side
Micrography of the forging heat affected zone.
41
VIEW
ML00100 / Nov.2017
Superduplex Tubing to Forging Welded Joint
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Welding
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - HAZ Right Side
Micrography of the forging heat affected zone.
35
VIEW
ML00100 / Nov.2017
Superduplex Tubing to Forging Welded Joint
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Welding
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - HAZ Right Side
ML00066 — GMAW Welded Joint in 9%Ni Alloy SteelM - Nickel Alloy SteelP - Welded Testpiece for QualificationAp - PipelineCd - Welding
Micrography of the heat affected zone, a little far from the fusion line, close to the base metal.
40
VIEW
ML00066 / May.2017
GMAW Welded Joint in 9%Ni Alloy Steel
M - Nickel Alloy SteelP - Welded Testpiece for QualificationAp - PipelineCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Heat Affected Zone
Grain refined heat affected zone, in the center of the thickness.
23
VIEW
ML00066 / May.2017
GMAW Welded Joint in 9%Ni Alloy Steel
M - Nickel Alloy SteelP - Welded Testpiece for QualificationAp - PipelineCd - Welding
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Heat Affected Zone
ML00065 — Erosion Corrosion of Monel PipingM - NiCu AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Erosion Corrosion
Micrographic detail of the elbow heat affected zone. The weld metal is at the top.
50
VIEW
ML00065 / May.2017
Erosion Corrosion of Monel Piping
M - NiCu AlloyP - Seamless PipeAp - Chemical IndustryCd - Erosion Corrosion
Cm - Kalling Etched Micrography by OMDf - HAZ Right Side