Optical Microscope

7 cases · 78 images

Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

Condition: Damage Microstructure: Duplex Ferritic Austenitic clear all

Optical Microscope — sub-branches

As polished micrography 7NaOH Electrolytic Etched Micro 70Nital Etched Micrography by OM 1

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Micrography of a transverse section of the pipe, presenting a refined duplex structure. The ferrite is blue/red and the austenite is white/yellow.
95
VIEW
ML00150 / Dec.2018
Vibration Induced Fatigue in a SS Oil Piping
M - Duplex Stainless SteelP - PipingAp - FPSOCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Duplex structure
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the sleeve, at the external surface where there are two layers of coating. The electrolytic etch evidenced the duplex stainless steel substrate (bottom of the figure) and the weave interface of the substrate and the first thermal spray layer, about 1 mm thick, in a stainless steel. The surface layer, of tugnsten carbide, about 0.2 mm thick, is black and not clearly visible in this figure.
50
VIEW
ML00147 / Aug.2018
WC Layer Detached from a Cast Lean Duplex
M - Lean Duplex Stainless SteelP - Centrifugal CastingAp - ShipCd - Lack of Sealing
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - External Surface
Micrography of the longitudinal section, in the center of the thickness of the pin, presenting an aligned ferritic-austeinitic structure.
180
VIEW
ML00146 / Jul.2018
Plastic Deformation of a SDSS Riser Pin
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - PinAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Bending
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Ferrite and Austenite
Microstructural analysis of the valve body structure, close to the position where the cracking has occurred. The structure is ferritic austenitic, with a large amount of detrimental phases associated to the ferritic structure, probably sigma phase.
106
VIEW
ML00134 / Aug.2020
Brittle Fracture of a Superduplex Valve Body
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Sigma
Micrography of a transverse section of the forged bar in the center of the thickness. Ferrite and austenite. Coarse structure.
74
VIEW
ML00123 / Feb.2018
Non Qualified Superduplex for Subsea
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - BarAp - Oil and GasCd - Not according to spec
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Transverse Section
Micrography of the fitting longitudinal section, showing a coarse austenitic ferritic structure.
39
VIEW
ML00094 / Sep.2017
MIC of a Subsea Hydraulic Line
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Duplex structure
Macrography transverse to the circunferential weld, longitudinal to the piping, presenting the location, a little far from the welded joint margin, where the through wall cracking is positioned.
160
VIEW
ML00002 / Jan.2018
Preferential Dissolution and Cracks in SDSS
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - PipingCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Through Wall Cracking

More from these cases

ML00150 — Vibration Induced Fatigue in a SS Oil PipingM - Duplex Stainless SteelP - PipingAp - FPSOCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Micrography of a transverse section of the pipe, presenting a refined duplex structure. The ferrite is blue/red and the austenite is white/yellow.
88
VIEW
ML00150 / Dec.2018
Vibration Induced Fatigue in a SS Oil Piping
M - Duplex Stainless SteelP - PipingAp - FPSOCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Duplex structure
Micrographic detail of the ferritic/austenitic structure of the pipe, in a transverse section. The ferrite is blue/red and the austenite is white/yellow.
84
VIEW
ML00150 / Dec.2018
Vibration Induced Fatigue in a SS Oil Piping
M - Duplex Stainless SteelP - PipingAp - FPSOCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Banded Structure
Micrography of a transverse section of the fititng, presenting a coarser structure. The ferrite is blue/red and the austenite is white/yellow.
77
VIEW
ML00150 / Dec.2018
Vibration Induced Fatigue in a SS Oil Piping
M - Duplex Stainless SteelP - PipingAp - FPSOCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Coarse Structure
Micrography of a transverse section of the fititng, presenting a coarser structure. The ferrite is blue/red and the austenite is white/yellow.
81
VIEW
ML00150 / Dec.2018
Vibration Induced Fatigue in a SS Oil Piping
M - Duplex Stainless SteelP - PipingAp - FPSOCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Duplex structure
Micrography of a transverse section of the fititng, presenting a coarser structure. The ferrite is red/orange and the austenite is white/yellow.
80
VIEW
ML00150 / Dec.2018
Vibration Induced Fatigue in a SS Oil Piping
M - Duplex Stainless SteelP - PipingAp - FPSOCd - Vibration Induced Fatigue
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Duplex structure

+16 more from this case →

ML00147 — WC Layer Detached from a Cast Lean DuplexM - Lean Duplex Stainless SteelP - Centrifugal CastingAp - ShipCd - Lack of Sealing
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the sleeve close to the external surface, evidencing a tugnsten carbide thermal spray layer, thickness about 0.2 mm, at the sleeve outer diameter (OD), black due to the etch (top of the figure). This WC layer was deposited over a stainless steel layer disposed in several layers, non etched.
42
VIEW
ML00147 / Aug.2018
WC Layer Detached from a Cast Lean Duplex
M - Lean Duplex Stainless SteelP - Centrifugal CastingAp - ShipCd - Lack of Sealing
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Thermal Spray Layer
Micrographic detail of the interface between the two thermal spray layers, the first one in stainless steel (bottom of the figure) and the second one, at the surface,in tungsten carbide (top of the figure). The micrographic sample is etched and that is why the WC is dark (black) and the stainless steel is light (non etched).
41
VIEW
ML00147 / Aug.2018
WC Layer Detached from a Cast Lean Duplex
M - Lean Duplex Stainless SteelP - Centrifugal CastingAp - ShipCd - Lack of Sealing
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Thermal Spray Layer
Micrography of the longitudinal section of the sleeve, at the interface between the substrate and the first thermal spray layer. The substrate (bottom of the figure) shows a ferritic-austenitic microstructure and detrimental phases that look like sigma. The thermal spray layer (top of the figure) presents the non-etched stainless steel, disposed in layers, with oxides (gray) and voids (black). The substrate is deformed in a thin layer at the interface.
38
VIEW
ML00147 / Aug.2018
WC Layer Detached from a Cast Lean Duplex
M - Lean Duplex Stainless SteelP - Centrifugal CastingAp - ShipCd - Lack of Sealing
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Close to the External Surface
Micrographic detail of the interface between the substrate and the first thermal spray layer. The substrate (bottom of the figure) shows a ferritic-austenitic microstructure and detrimental phases that look like sigma at the delta and gamma interface. The thermal spray layer (top of the figure) presents the non-etched stainless steel, disposed in layers, with oxides (gray) and voids (black). The substrate is deformed in a thin layer at the interface.
34
VIEW
ML00147 / Aug.2018
WC Layer Detached from a Cast Lean Duplex
M - Lean Duplex Stainless SteelP - Centrifugal CastingAp - ShipCd - Lack of Sealing
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Sigma
Micrography of the longitudinal section of the cast sleeve in the middle of the thickness. The microstructure is coarse, austenitic ferritic.
34
VIEW
ML00147 / Aug.2018
WC Layer Detached from a Cast Lean Duplex
M - Lean Duplex Stainless SteelP - Centrifugal CastingAp - ShipCd - Lack of Sealing
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - In the Center of the Thickness

+12 more from this case →

ML00146 — Plastic Deformation of a SDSS Riser PinM - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - PinAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Bending
Micrography of a longitudinal section, at the surface of the pin, where the thermal spray layer is sound. The thickness of the layer is about 0.3 mm.
168
VIEW
ML00146 / Jul.2018
Plastic Deformation of a SDSS Riser Pin
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - PinAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Bending
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Coating Layer
Micrographic detail of a longitudinal section of the pin, at the surface, evidencing the thermal spray layer, about 0.3 mm. The layer presents typical characteristics of multiple layers, low amount of entrapped oxides and pores. The interface presents a high roughness level for a good adherence and some entrapped oxides. The structure of the SDSS substrate did not show thermal effects.
154
VIEW
ML00146 / Jul.2018
Plastic Deformation of a SDSS Riser Pin
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - PinAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Bending
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Coating Layer
Micrography of a longitudinal section, at the damage surface of the pin, where the thermal spray layer was partially detached and broken. The through layer breaking is ductile, typical of an overloading condition caused by the localized bending of the pin.
109
VIEW
ML00146 / Jul.2018
Plastic Deformation of a SDSS Riser Pin
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - PinAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Bending
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Layer Detachment
Micrographic detail of the damage surface layer, detached and broken. The substrate is not affected and the rupture of the layer is typically by overloading.
117
VIEW
ML00146 / Jul.2018
Plastic Deformation of a SDSS Riser Pin
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - PinAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Bending
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Layer Detachment
ML00134 — Brittle Fracture of a Superduplex Valve BodyM - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Fracture
Micrographic detail of the valve body structure, close to the position where the cracking has occurred. The structure is ferritic austenitic, with a large amount of detrimental phases associated to the ferritic structure, probably sigma phase.
102
VIEW
ML00134 / Aug.2020
Brittle Fracture of a Superduplex Valve Body
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Sigma
Metallographic detail of the large amount of sigma phase, associated to the ferritic structure.
105
VIEW
ML00134 / Aug.2020
Brittle Fracture of a Superduplex Valve Body
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Sigma
Microstructural analysis of the valve body structure, far from the position where the cracking has occurred, in the bottom of the body. The structure is ferritic austenitic, with some sigma phase, not in a large amount, indicating the valve structure was not uniform.
67
VIEW
ML00134 / Aug.2020
Brittle Fracture of a Superduplex Valve Body
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Ferrite and Austenite
Micrographic detail of the valve body structure, far from the position where the cracking has occurred, in the bottom of the body. The structure is ferritic austenitic, with some sigma phase, not in a large amount, indicating the valve structure was not uniform.
63
VIEW
ML00134 / Aug.2020
Brittle Fracture of a Superduplex Valve Body
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Ferrite and Austenite
Micrographic detail of the valve body structure, far from the position where the cracking has occurred, in the bottom of the body. The structure is ferritic austenitic, with some sigma phase, not in a large amount, indicating the valve structure was not uniform.
61
VIEW
ML00134 / Aug.2020
Brittle Fracture of a Superduplex Valve Body
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Fracture
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Ferrite and Austenite

+8 more from this case →

ML00123 — Non Qualified Superduplex for SubseaM - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - BarAp - Oil and GasCd - Not according to spec
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the forged bar in the center of the thickness. Ferrite and austenite. Coarse structure.
61
VIEW
ML00123 / Feb.2018
Non Qualified Superduplex for Subsea
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - BarAp - Oil and GasCd - Not according to spec
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Longitudinal Section
Micrography of a transverse section of the forged bar in the center of the thickness. Ferrite and austenite. The ferrite amount, measured by metallographic method, manual counting, is 59%.
53
VIEW
ML00123 / Feb.2018
Non Qualified Superduplex for Subsea
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - BarAp - Oil and GasCd - Not according to spec
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Transverse Section
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the forged bar in the center of the thickness. Ferrite and austenite. The average austenite spacing is 80 microns, a lot larger than the maximum allowed in the specification, of 30 microns. No detrimental phases were identified at the ferrite/austenite interfaces, but the ferrite phase presented a rough aspect. Higher magnification analysis would be required to identify precipitation.
53
VIEW
ML00123 / Feb.2018
Non Qualified Superduplex for Subsea
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - BarAp - Oil and GasCd - Not according to spec
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Longitudinal Section
Micrographic detail of the ferrite and austenite structure in the transverse section of the forged bar, in the center of the thickness.
53
VIEW
ML00123 / Feb.2018
Non Qualified Superduplex for Subsea
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - BarAp - Oil and GasCd - Not according to spec
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Ferrite and Austenite
Micrographic detail of the ferrite and austenite structure in the longitudinal section of the forged bar, in the center of the thickness.
55
VIEW
ML00123 / Feb.2018
Non Qualified Superduplex for Subsea
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - BarAp - Oil and GasCd - Not according to spec
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Ferrite and Austenite
ML00094 — MIC of a Subsea Hydraulic LineM - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Behavior
Micrographic detail of the fitting longitudinal section showing a coarse austenitic ferritic structure.
37
VIEW
ML00094 / Sep.2017
MIC of a Subsea Hydraulic Line
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Coarse Structure
Micrography of the tubing longitudinal section, showing a refined austenitic ferritic structure.
36
VIEW
ML00094 / Sep.2017
MIC of a Subsea Hydraulic Line
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Duplex structure
Micrographic detail of the tubing longitudinal section showing a refined austenitic ferritic structure.
43
VIEW
ML00094 / Sep.2017
MIC of a Subsea Hydraulic Line
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Grain refined structure
Micrography of a transverse section of the fitting, at the cracking position. Note the through wall cracking at the coarse austenitic ferritic structure.
43
VIEW
ML00094 / Sep.2017
MIC of a Subsea Hydraulic Line
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Transverse Section
Micrographic detail of the region where the cracking was initiated at the internal side of the fitting.
41
VIEW
ML00094 / Sep.2017
MIC of a Subsea Hydraulic Line
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - SubseaCd - Brittle Behavior
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Through Wall Cracking

+1 more from this case →

ML00002 — Preferential Dissolution and Cracks in SDSSM - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - PipingCd - Preferential Dissolution
Longitudinal section micrography at the cracked position, close to the external surface of the flange, showing cracks transverse to the thickness, associated to the microstructure.
147
VIEW
ML00002 / Jan.2018
Preferential Dissolution and Cracks in SDSS
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - PipingCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Cracks Transverse to the Surface
Longitudinal section micrography at the cracked position, close to the internal surface of the flange (exposed to the corrosive fluid), showing preferential dissolution associated to the microstructure.
133
VIEW
ML00002 / Jan.2018
Preferential Dissolution and Cracks in SDSS
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - PipingCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Preferential Dissolution
Micrography of the flange in the longitudinal section. The flange microstructure is ferritic austenitic, presenting a coarse structure.
102
VIEW
ML00002 / Jan.2018
Preferential Dissolution and Cracks in SDSS
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - PipingCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Coarse Structure
Micrographic detail of the flange microstructure in the longitudinal section. The flange is ferritic austenitic, presenting 70% of austenite. In the ferrite network there are evidences of precipitation/formation of detrimental phases.
113
VIEW
ML00002 / Jan.2018
Preferential Dissolution and Cracks in SDSS
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - PipingCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Duplex structure
Micrographic detail of the flange microstructure in the longitudinal section. The flange is ferritic austenitic, presenting 70% of austenite. In the ferrite network there are evidences of precipitation/formation of detrimental phases.
100
VIEW
ML00002 / Jan.2018
Preferential Dissolution and Cracks in SDSS
M - Super Duplex Stainless SteelP - Fabrication WeldAp - PipingCd - Preferential Dissolution
Cm - NaOH Electrolytic Etched MicroDf - Duplex structure