Optical Microscope

7 cases · 35 images

Crevice Corrosion in a Subsea System — Aspect Before Analysis

Condition: Damage Microstructure: Strain Hardened Detail focus: Microstructure clear all

Optical Microscope — sub-branches

As polished micrography 1Chromic Acid Electrolytic Etched 1Eletrolytically Etched Micrography by OM 2FeCl3+HCl+Ethanol Etched Micro 1FeCl3+HCl+H2O Etched Micro 2Glyceregia Etched Micrography by OM 1H2SO4+HNO3+H3PO4 Etched Micro 1Keller Etched Micrography by OM 5Nital Etched Micrography by OM 17Oxalic Acid Electrolytic Etch 4

Results

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Highly strain hardened pearlitic structure of one external wire, 3.2mm diameter, of one strand.
55
VIEW
ML00175 / Aug.2021
Localized External Wear of a Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Wear
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Pearlite
Low magnification micrography, by optical microscope, of the longitudinal section of a damaged bolt, in the center of the thickness. The microstructure is austenitic, free from carbides.
100
VIEW
ML00157 / Feb.2020
Bolts Under Chloride SCC Conditions
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Austenite
Higher magnification detail of the predominantly pearlitic microstructure of the wire.
88
VIEW
ML00155 / Jan.2020
Failure of a Prestressed Concrete Steel Strand
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - StructureCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Predominantly Pearlitic
Micrography of the plate in a section, in the middle of the thickness. The aligned pitting is associated to the chemical etch of inclusions and second phases. The structure is granular but the grain boundaries do not appear at that magnification, originally 50x.
50
VIEW
ML00145 / Sep.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on 6061 T6 Plate
M - Aluminum Magnesium SiliconP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Keller Etched Micrography by OMDf - Aligned particles
Micrography of the plate in a section, showing a ferritic-pearlitic microstructure in the middle of the thickness.
84
VIEW
ML00143 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 Plate
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite
Micrographic detail of the transverse section of the drill collar, in the center of the thickness, presenting an uniform, granular, fully austenitic microstructure.
61
VIEW
ML00135 / May.2018
MIC of a Non Magnetic Drilling Tool
M - High Mn Austenitic SteelP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Austenite
Micrography of a longitudinal section of the bolt in the center of the thickness, presenting a ferritic pearlitic structure with elongated grains due to the forming process, without later heat treatment.
173
VIEW
ML00120 / Jun.2018
Ductile Rupture of a Carbon Steel Eye Bolt
M - Low Carbon SteelP - FastenerAp - AutomotiveCd - Overload
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite

More from these cases

ML00175 — Localized External Wear of a Wire RopeM - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Wear
Micrographic detail of the strain hardened pearlitic structure, in a longitudinal section, of a 3.2mm external round wire of one strand. This structure presented a hardness level about 500 HV (1kg), measured in the center of the thickness in the metallographic section.
47
VIEW
ML00175 / Aug.2021
Localized External Wear of a Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Wear
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Strain Hardened
Highly strain hardened pearlitic structure of the 1.6mm round wire of the core.
41
VIEW
ML00175 / Aug.2021
Localized External Wear of a Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Wear
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Pearlite
Micrographic detail of the strain hardened pearlitic structure, in a longitudinal section, of the 1.6mm round wire of the core.This structure presented a hardness level about 530 HV (1kg), measured in the center of the thickness in the metallographic section.
31
VIEW
ML00175 / Aug.2021
Localized External Wear of a Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Wear
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Strain Hardened
Metallographic detail of the wire surface in the core wire of the IWRC, presenting the galvanized layer.
35
VIEW
ML00175 / Aug.2021
Localized External Wear of a Wire Rope
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - Oil and GasCd - Wear
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Zn Layer
ML00157 — Bolts Under Chloride SCC ConditionsM - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Micrography, by optical microscope, of the longitudinal section of a damaged bolt, in the center of the thickness. The microstructure is austenitic, free from carbides, strain hardened. The hardness values of the material are from 200HV1 to 300HV1, that meets the class 2 of strenght (ASTM A193 B8M class 2).
79
VIEW
ML00157 / Feb.2020
Bolts Under Chloride SCC Conditions
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Strain Hardened
Detail of the strain hardened austenitic microstructure. Micrography by optical microscope, of the longitudinal section of a bolt, in the center of the thickness.
76
VIEW
ML00157 / Feb.2020
Bolts Under Chloride SCC Conditions
M - Austenitic Stainless SteelP - BoltAp - Oil and GasCd - Stress Corrosion
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Strain Hardened
ML00155 — Failure of a Prestressed Concrete Steel StrandM - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - StructureCd - Corrosion Fatigue
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3
VIEW
ML00155 / Jan.2020
Failure of a Prestressed Concrete Steel Strand
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - StructureCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Chromic Acid Electrolytic EtchedDf - Acicular Alpha
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4
VIEW
ML00155 / Jan.2020
Failure of a Prestressed Concrete Steel Strand
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - StructureCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - FeCl3+HCl+H2O Etched MicroDf - Bainite
Branching, web-like network of corrosion attack penetrating along grain boundaries through the matrix.
3
VIEW
ML00155 / Jan.2020
Failure of a Prestressed Concrete Steel Strand
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - StructureCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - As polished micrographyDf - Austenite
Failure of a Prestressed Concrete Steel Strand
3
VIEW
ML00155 / Jan.2020
Failure of a Prestressed Concrete Steel Strand
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - StructureCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Eletrolytically Etched Micrography by OMDf - Banded Pearlite
teste
3
VIEW
ML00155 / Jan.2020
Failure of a Prestressed Concrete Steel Strand
M - High Carbon SteelP - Wire RopeAp - StructureCd - Corrosion Fatigue
Cm - Glyceregia Etched Micrography by OMDf - Bainitic Martensitic

+4 more from this case →

ML00145 — Impact of a .380 Winchester on 6061 T6 PlateM - Aluminum Magnesium SiliconP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Micrography of the plate in a section, in the middle of the thickness, in a position where the plate was not affected by the shot. The microstructure is granular although the grain boundaries are not resolvable at this magnification. The black spots are localized corrosion in aligned particles.
49
VIEW
ML00145 / Sep.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on 6061 T6 Plate
M - Aluminum Magnesium SiliconP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Keller Etched Micrography by OMDf - Aligned particles
Micrographic detail of the plate in the middle of the thickness. At this magnification it is possible to see the grain boundaries and the black spots are localized etching in aligned particles.
43
VIEW
ML00145 / Sep.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on 6061 T6 Plate
M - Aluminum Magnesium SiliconP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Keller Etched Micrography by OMDf - Granular structure
Micrographic detail of the plate in the middle of the thickness. At this magnification it is possible to see the grain boundaries and the black spots are localized etching in aligned particles.
37
VIEW
ML00145 / Sep.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on 6061 T6 Plate
M - Aluminum Magnesium SiliconP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Keller Etched Micrography by OMDf - Granular structure
Micrography of the damaged plate at the side of the bullet impact, top of the figure. The perforated hole expulsed the material to the top and bottom directions. There are evidences of plastic deformation of the plate microstructure and the hardness level close to the hole increased from 123 HV to 131 HV (1kg)
17
VIEW
ML00145 / Sep.2018
Impact of a .380 Winchester on 6061 T6 Plate
M - Aluminum Magnesium SiliconP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Keller Etched Micrography by OMDf - Strain Hardened
ML00143 — Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 PlateM - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Micrography of the plate in a section, showing a ferritic-pearlitic microstructure in the middle of the thickness, in a position where the plate was not affected by the shot.
65
VIEW
ML00143 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 Plate
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite
Micrographic detail of the plate in a section, showing a ferritic-pearlitic microstructure in the middle of the thickness.
66
VIEW
ML00143 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 Plate
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite
Micrographic detail of the ferritic-pearlitic microstructure.
53
VIEW
ML00143 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 Plate
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite
Micrography of the damaged plate at the side of the bullet impact, top of the figure. The perforated hole expulsed the material to the top and bottom directions and the copper alloy is evident at the hole surface.After etching it is clear the strong plastic deformation of the plate microstructure and the hardness level close to the hole increased from 151 HV to 308 HV (1kg).
22
VIEW
ML00143 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 Plate
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Strain Hardened
Micrographic detail of the strong plastic deformation of the ferritic-pearlitic structure and the copper alloy adhered at the hole surface.
16
VIEW
ML00143 / Aug.2018
Impact of a .308 Winchester on A36 Plate
M - Low Carbon SteelP - Rolled PlateAp - StructureCd - Pierced
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Strain Hardened

+1 more from this case →

ML00135 — MIC of a Non Magnetic Drilling ToolM - High Mn Austenitic SteelP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Pitting Corrosion
Micrographic detail of the longitudinal section of the drill collar, in the center of the thickness, presenting slightly elongated grains of fully austenitic microstructure, cold worked.
59
VIEW
ML00135 / May.2018
MIC of a Non Magnetic Drilling Tool
M - High Mn Austenitic SteelP - Tubular ForgingAp - O&G Well DrillingCd - Pitting Corrosion
Cm - Oxalic Acid Electrolytic EtchDf - Austenite
ML00120 — Ductile Rupture of a Carbon Steel Eye BoltM - Low Carbon SteelP - FastenerAp - AutomotiveCd - Overload
Micrographic detail of the ferritic pearlitic structure, with grains sligthly elongated.
157
VIEW
ML00120 / Jun.2018
Ductile Rupture of a Carbon Steel Eye Bolt
M - Low Carbon SteelP - FastenerAp - AutomotiveCd - Overload
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Ferrite and Pearlite
Micrographic detail of a longitudinal section of the bolt at the bottom of the thread fillet, presenting a plastically deformed ferritic pearlitic structure. This analysis was conducted far from the failure and the structure was created by the cold forming process to manufacture the thread.
147
VIEW
ML00120 / Jun.2018
Ductile Rupture of a Carbon Steel Eye Bolt
M - Low Carbon SteelP - FastenerAp - AutomotiveCd - Overload
Cm - Nital Etched Micrography by OMDf - Strain Hardened